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Indications
Normal anatomy Incision
Indications
A C-section delivery is performed when a vaginal birth is not possible or is not safe for the mother or child.

Some of the main reasons for C-section delivery instead of vaginal delivery include the following:
When there is danger to the baby (fetal distress):
  • decreased oxygen level
  • increased or decreased heart rate
  • problems with the uterus:
  • too small, scarred, or deformed
  • multiple babies in the uterus (multiple births)
  • problems with the cervix
  • too loose or relaxed (incompetent cervix)
  • active genital herpes infection of the mother
  • problems with the placenta and umbilical cord:
  • attached too close to the cervix (placenta previa)
  • incompletely attached to the uterus (placenta abruptio)
  • abnormally developed
When there is danger to the mother (maternal distress):
  • baby's head is too large to pass through mother's pelvis (cephalopelvic disproportion)
  • prolonged labor
  • abnormal position of the baby
  • buttocks-first delivery (breech presentation)
  • crosswise (transverse) position
  • pregnancy at older age (over 40 years)
  • extreme illness (toxemia, preeclampsia, eclampsia, hypertension)

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