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The chemical name for clindamycin phosphate is Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl- trans -4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L- threo -(alpha)-D- galacto -octopyranoside 2-(dihydrogen phosphate). (MW=504.97)
Clindets® (Clindamycin Phosphate Pledgets) contain clindamycin phosphate, USP at a concentration equivalent to 10 mg clindamycin per milliliter in a vehicle of isopropyl alcohol 52% v/v, propylene glycol and water. Each Clindets® pledget applicator contains approximately 1 mL of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution. Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution has a pH range between 4.0 and 7.0.
Clindamycin phosphate is a water soluble ester of the semi-synthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent antibiotic lincomycin. It occurs as a white to off-white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol, very slightly soluble in acetone and practically insoluble in chloroform, benzene, and ether. Clindamycin phosphate is odorless or practically odorless, and has a bitter taste.
Chemically, clindamycin phosphate is C 18 H 34 ClN 2 O 8 PS. It has the following structural formula:
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The chemical name for clindamycin phosphate is Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl- trans -4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L- threo -(alpha)-D- galacto -octopyranoside 2-(dihydrogen phosphate). (MW=504.97)
Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro , rapid in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active clindamycin.
Cross resistance has been demonstrated between clindamycin and lincomycin.
Antagonism has been demonstrated between clindamycin and erythromycin.
Following multiple topical applications of clindamycin phosphate at a concentration equivalent to 10 mg clindamycin per mL in an isopropyl alcohol and water solution, very low levels of clindamycin are present in the serum (0-3 ng/mL) and less than 0.2% of the dose is recovered in urine as clindamycin.
Clindamycin activity has been demonstrated in comedones from acne patients. The mean concentration of antibiotic activity in extracted comedones after application of a Clindamycin Phosphate Pledget for 4 weeks was 597 mcg/g of comedonal material (range 0-1490). Clindamycin in vitro inhibits all Propionibacterium acnes cultures tested (MICs 0.4 mcg/mL). Free fatty acids on the skin surface have been decreased from approximately 14% to 2% following application of clindamycin.
Clindets are indicated in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In view of the potential for diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, the physician should consider whether other agents are more appropriate. (See CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and ADVERSE REACTIONS .)
Clindets are contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to preparations containing clindamycin or lincomycin, a history of regional enteritis or ulcerative colitis, or a history of antibiotic-associated colitis.
Orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been associated with severe colitis which may result in patient death. Use of the topical formulation of clindamycin results in absorption of the antibiotic from the skin surface. Diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis) have been reported with the use of topical and systemic clindamycin.
Studies indicate a toxin(s) produced by clostridia is one primary cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. The colitis is usually characterized by severe persistent diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps and may be associated with the passage of blood and mucus. Endoscopic examination may reveal pseudomembranous colitis. Stool culture for Clostridium difficile and stool assay for C. difficile toxin may be helpful diagnostically.
When significant diarrhea occurs, the drug should be discontinued. Large bowel endoscopy should be considered to establish a definitive diagnosis in cases of severe diarrhea.
Antiperistaltic agents such as opiates and diphenoxylate with atropine may prolong and/or worsen the condition. Vancomycin has been found to be effective in the treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis produced by Clostridium difficile . The usual adult dosage is 500 milligrams to 2 grams of vancomycin orally per day in three to four divided doses administered for 7 to 10 days. Cholestyramine or colestipol resins bind to vancomycin in vitro. If both a resin and vancomycin are to be administered concurrently, it may be advisable to separate the time of administration of each drug.
Diarrhea, colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis have been observed to begin up to several weeks following cessation of oral and parenteral therapy with clindamycin.
Clindets contain an alcohol base which will cause burning and irritation of the eyes. In the event of accidental contact with sensitive surfaces (eye, abraded skin, mucuous membranes), bathe with copious amounts of cool tap water. The solution has an unpleasant taste and caution should be exercised when applying medication around the mouth.
Clindets should be prescribed with caution in atopic individuals.
Clindamycin has been shown to have neuromuscular blocking properties that may enhance the action of other neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore, it should be used with caution in patients receiving such agents.
Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and mice using subcutaneous and oral doses of clindamycin ranging from 100 to 600 mg/kg/day and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to clindamycin. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
It is not known whether clindamycin is excreted in human milk following use of Clindets. However, orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been reported to appear in breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population under the age of 12 has not been established.
In 18 clinical studies of various topical formulations of clindamycin phosphate using placebo vehicle and/or active comparator drugs as controls, patients experienced a number of treatment emergent adverse dermatological events (see table below).
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Topically applied Clindamycin Phosphate formulations can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. (See WARNINGS .)
Apply a thin film using a Clindets applicator for the application of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution twice daily to affected area. More than one pledget may be used. Each pledget should be used only once and then discarded.
Remove pledget from foil just before use. Do not use if the seal is broken.
Discard after single use.
Clindets® (Clindamycin Phosphate Pledgets) 1%* * equivalent to 1% clindamycin (10 mg/mL) is available in the following size:
69 pledget container -- NDC 0145-2472-80
Store at controlled room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).