F

1. Symbol for fractional concentration, followed by subscripts indicating location and chemical species; Fahrenheit; farad; fertility; visual field; fluorine; folate; filial generation, followed by subscript numerals indicating specified matings; phenylalanine; variance ratio. 2. Abbreviation for focus (1) ; French scale.

F
F

Symbol for faraday, Faraday constant, force; free energy.

f
f

Symbol for femto-; respiratory frequency; fugacity; formyl; fumarose form (usually following the symbol for the monosaccharide).

F.A.A.N.
F.A.A.N.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing.

FAB
FAB

Abbreviation for French-American-British (classification of acute leukemias). See F. classification.

Fab
Fab

See F. fragment.

fabella
fabella (fa-bel′la)

A sesamoid bone in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. [Mod. L. dim. of faba, bean]

Faber
Faber

Knud H., Danish physician, 1862–1956. See F. anemia, F. syndrome.

fabism
fabism (fa′bizm)

SYN: favism. [L. faba, bean]

fabrication
fabrication (fab-ri-ka′shun)

Telling false tales as true; e.g., the malingering of symptoms or illness or feigning an incorrect response or calculation during a psychological or mental status examination.

Fabricius
Fabricius, Fabrizzi

Girolamo (Hieronymus ab Aquapendente), Italian anatomist and embryologist, 1537–1619. See bursa fabricii, F. ship.

Fabry
Fabry

Johannes, German dermatologist, 1860–1930. See F. disease.

F.A.C.C.P.
F.A.C.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Chest Physicians.

F.A.C.D.
F.A.C.D.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Dentists.

face
face (fas) [TA]

1. The front portion of the head; the visage including eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, cheeks, and chin; excludes ears. SYN: facies (1) [TA] . 2. SYN: surface.
bird f. SYN: brachygnathia.
cow f. SYN: facies bovina.
dish f. SYN: facies scaphoidea.
frog f. the appearance caused by broadening of the nose, which occurs in certain cases of nasal polyps.
hippocratic f. SYN: hippocratic facies.
masklike f. SYN: Parkinson facies.
moon f. the round, usually red f., with large jowls, seen in Cushing disease or in exogenous hyperadrenocorticalism.
moon shaped f. moon facies.
superolateral f. of cerebral hemisphere [TA] SYN: superolateral surface of cerebrum.

face-bow
face-bow

A caliper-like device used to record the relationship of the jaws to the temporomandibular joints; the record may then be used to orient a cast or model of the maxilla to the opening and closing axis of the articulator. SYN: hinge-bow.
adjustable axis face-bow a f. whose caliper ends can be adjusted to permit location of the axis of rotation of the mandible. SYN: kinematic face-bow.
kinematic face-bow SYN: adjustable axis face-bow.

face-lift
face-lift

SYN: rhytidectomy.

facet
facet, facette (fas′et, fa-set′) [TA]

1. A small smooth area on a bone or other firm structure. 2. A worn spot on a tooth, produced by chewing or grinding. [Fr. facette]
acromial f. of clavicle [TA] a small oval f. on the lateral end of the clavicle for articulation with the acromion. SYN: facies articularis acromialis claviculae [TA] , acromial articular facies of clavicle, acromial articular surface of clavicle.
articular f. a relatively small articular surface of a bone, especially a vertebra.
articular f. of head of fibula [TA] the flat circular surface on the head of the fibula for articulation with the corresponding f. on the lateral condyle of the tibia. SYN: facies articularis capitis fibulae [TA] .
articular f. of head of rib [TA] an articular surface on the head of a rib that articulates with the body of a vertebra. SYN: facies articularis capitis costae [TA] .
articular f. of lateral malleolus [TA] the surface on the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus that articulates with the talus. SYN: facies articularis malleoli lateralis fibulae [TA] , malleolar articular surface of fibula.
articular f. of medial malleolus [TA] the articular f. on the lateral surface of the medial malleolus for articulation with the side of the talus; it is continuous with the inferior articular surface of the tibia. SYN: facies articularis malleoli medialis tibiae [TA] , malleolar articular surface of tibia.
articular f. of radial head [TA] the depression on the top (superior surface) of the head of the radius for articulation with the capitulum of the humerus. SYN: fovea articularis capitis radii [TA] , articular pit of head of radius, fovea of radial head.
articular f. of tubercle of rib [TA] an oval f. on the inferomedial part of the tubercle of a rib for articulation with a f. on the transverse process of a vertebra. SYN: facies articularis tuberculi costae [TA] .
f. (of atlas) for dens [TA] a circular f. on the posterior (inner) surface of the anterior arch of the atlas which articulates with the dens of the axis. SYN: fovea dentis atlantis [TA] , pit of atlas for dens.
clavicular f. SYN: clavicular notch of sternum.
clavicular articular f. of acromion [TA] a small oval f. on the medial border of the acromion for articulation with the lateral end of the clavicle. SYN: facies articularis clavicularis acromii [TA] , articular surface of acromion.
corneal f. a corneal depression following loss of stroma.
costal facets articular surface on a vertebra for articulation with a rib.
fibular articular f. of tibia [TA] the flat circular articular f. on the inferior and lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia for articulation with the head of the fibula. SYN: facies articularis fibularis tibiae [TA] , fibular articular surface of tibia.
inferior articular f. of atlas SYN: inferior articular surface of atlas.
inferior costal f. [TA] demifacet on the lower edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib. SYN: fovea costalis inferior [TA] , inferior costal pit.
lateral malleolar f. of talus [TA] that surface of the trochlea of the talus that articulates with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. SYN: facies malleolaris lateralis tali [TA] , lateral malleolar surface of talus.
Lenoir f. the medial articular surface of the patella.
locked facets SYN: dislocation of articular processes.
medial malleolar f. of talus [TA] the surface of the trochlea of the talus that articulates with the medial malleolus of the tibia. SYN: facies malleolaris medialis tali [TA] .
f. (on talus) for calcaneonavicular part of bifurcate ligament [TA] small f. at the lateral edge of the navicular articular surface that lies in contact with the medial surface of the medial part of the bifurcate ligament. SYN: facies articularis partis calcaneonavicularis ligamenti bifurcati tali [TA] .
f. (on talus) for plantar calcaneonavicular ligament [TA] inferiormost portion of the articular surface of the head of the talus that contacts (rests on) the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament. SYN: facies ligamenti calcaneonavicularis plantaris tali [TA] .
posterior articular f. of dens [TA] the f. on the posterior surface of the dens of the axis that articulates with the transverse ligament of the atlas. SYN: facies articularis posterior dentis [TA] , posterior articular surface of dens.
sternal f. of clavicle [TA] the oval surface on the sternal end of the clavicle that articulates with the fibrocartilaginous disk of the sternoclavicular joint. SYN: facies articularis sternalis claviculae [TA] , sternal articular surface of clavicle.
superior articular f. of atlas SYN: superior articular surface of atlas.
superior costal f. [TA] a demifacet on the upper edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib; a single rib articulates with the inferior costal f. and superior costal f. of the adjacent vertebrae. SYN: fovea costalis superior [TA] , superior costal pit.
superior f. of trochlear of talus [TA] the surface of the trochlea of the talus in contact with the inferior articular surface of the tibia. SYN: facies superior tali [TA] , superior surface of talus.
transverse costal f. [TA] a f. on the transverse process of a vertebra for articulation with the tubercle of a rib. SYN: fovea costalis processus transversi [TA] , costal pit of transverse process.

facetectomy
facetectomy (fas-e-tek′to-me)

Excision of a facet. [facet + G. ektome, excision]

facial
facial (fa′shal)

Relating to the face. SYN: facialis.

facialis
facialis (fa-she-a′lis)

SYN: facial, facial. [L.]

-facient -facient

Causing; one who or that which brings about. [L. facio, to make]

facies
facies, pl .facies (fa′she-ez, fash′-ez) [TA]

1. [TA] SYN: face (1) . 2. [NA] SYN: surface. 3. SYN: expression (2) . [L.]
acromial articular f. of clavicle SYN: acromial facet of clavicle.
adenoid f. the open-mouthed and often dull appearance in children with adenoid hypertrophy, associated with a pinched nose.
f. antebrachialis anterior SYN: anterior region of forearm.
f. antebrachialis posterior SYN: posterior region of forearm.
f. anterior [TA] SYN: anterior surface.
f. anterior antebrachii SYN: anterior region of forearm.
f. anterior brachii SYN: anterior region of arm.
f. anterior corneae [TA] SYN: anterior surface of cornea.
f. anterior corporis maxillae [TA] SYN: anterior surface of maxilla.
f. anterior cruris SYN: anterior region of leg.
f. anterior glandulae suprarenalis [TA] SYN: anterior surface of suprarenal gland.
f. anterior iridis [TA] SYN: anterior surface of iris.
f. anterior lateralis corporis humeri SYN: anterolateral surface of (shaft of) humerus.
f. anterior lentis [TA] SYN: anterior surface of lens.
f. anterior medialis corporis humeri SYN: anteromedial surface of shaft of humerus.
f. anterior membri inferioris [TA] SYN: anterior surface of lower limb.
f. anterior palpebrarum SYN: anterior surface of eyelids.
f. anterior partis petrosae ossis temporalis [TA] SYN: anterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone.
f. anterior patellae [TA] SYN: anterior surface of patella.
f. anterior prostatae [TA] SYN: anterior surface of prostate.
f. anterior radii [TA] SYN: anterior surface of radius.
f. anterior renis [TA] SYN: anterior surface of kidney.
f. anterior ulnae [TA] SYN: anterior surface of ulna.
f. anterior uteri [TA] SYN: anterior surface of uterus.
f. anteroinferior corporis pancreatis [TA] SYN: anteroinferior surface of pancreas.
f. anterolateralis cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] SYN: anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage.
f. anterolateralis corporis humeri [TA] SYN: anterolateral surface of (shaft of) humerus.
f. anteromedialis corporis humeri [TA] SYN: anteromedial surface of shaft of humerus.
f. anterosuperioris corporis pancreatis [TA] SYN: anterosuperior surface of body of pancreas.
f. antonina a facial expression due to alteration in the eyelids and anterior segment of the eye; found in leprosy.
aortic f. the pale sallow complexion of one suffering from incompetence of the aortic valve; nonspecific.
f. approximalis dentis SYN: approximal surface of tooth.
f. articularis [TA] SYN: articular surface.
f. articularis acromialis claviculae [TA] SYN: acromial facet of clavicle.
f. articularis anterior dentis [TA] SYN: anterior articular surface of dens.
f. articularis arytenoidea cricoideae [TA] SYN: arytenoidal articular surface of cricoid.
f. articularis calcanea tali [TA] SYN: calcaneal articular surface of talus.
f. articularis capitis costae [TA] SYN: articular facet of head of rib.
f. articularis capitis fibulae [TA] SYN: articular facet of head of fibula.
f. articularis carpi radii [TA] SYN: carpal articular surface of radius.
f. articularis cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] SYN: articular surface of arytenoid cartilage.
f. articularis clavicularis acromii [TA] SYN: clavicular articular facet of acromion.
f. articularis cuboidea ossis calcanei [TA] SYN: articular surface on calcaneus for cuboid bone.
f. articularis fibularis tibiae [TA] SYN: fibular articular facet of tibia.
f. articularis fossae mandibularis ossis temporalis [TA] SYN: articular surface of mandibular fossa of temporal bone.
f. articularis inferior atlantis [TA] SYN: inferior articular surface of atlas.
f. articularis inferior tibiae [TA] SYN: inferior articular surface of tibia.
f. articularis malleoli lateralis fibulae [TA] SYN: articular facet of lateral malleolus.
f. articularis malleoli medialis tibiae [TA] SYN: articular facet of medial malleolus.
f. articularis navicularis tali [TA] SYN: navicular articular surface of talus.
f. articularis partis calcaneonavicularis ligamenti bifurcati tali [TA] SYN: facet (on talus) for calcaneonavicular part of bifurcate ligament.
f. articularis patellae [TA] SYN: articular surface of patella.
f. articularis posterior dentis [TA] SYN: posterior articular facet of dens.
f. articularis sternalis claviculae [TA] SYN: sternal facet of clavicle.
f. articularis superior atlantis [TA] SYN: superior articular surface of atlas.
f. articularis superior tibiae [TA] SYN: superior articular surface of tibia.
f. articularis talaris anterior calcanei [TA] SYN: anterior talar articular surface of calcaneus.
f. articularis talaris calcanei [TA] SYN: talar articular surfaces of calcaneus, under surface.
f. articularis talaris media calcanei [TA] SYN: middle talar articular surface of calcaneus.
f. articularis talaris posterior calcanei [TA] SYN: posterior talar articular surface (of calcaneus).
f. articularis thyroidea cricoideae [TA] SYN: thyroid articular surface of cricoid (cartilage).
f. articularis tuberculi costae [TA] SYN: articular facet of tubercle of rib.
f. auricularis ossis ilii [TA] SYN: auricular surface of ilium.
f. auricularis ossis sacri [TA] SYN: auricular surface of sacrum.
f. bovina the cowlike face of ocular hypertelorism; typical of craniofacial dysostosis. SYN: cow face.
f. brachialis anterior SYN: anterior region of arm.
f. brachialis posterior SYN: posterior region of arm.
f. cerebralis SYN: cerebral surface.
cherubic f. the characteristic child-like f. seen in cherubism; also seen in glycogenosis, particularly type 2.
f. colica splenis [TA] SYN: colic impression of spleen.
f. contactus dentis SYN: approximal surface of tooth.
Corvisart f. the characteristic f. seen in cardiac insufficiency or aortic regurgitation; a swollen, purplish, cyanotic face with shiny eyes and puffy eyelids; nonspecific.
f. costalis [TA] SYN: costal surface.
f. costalis pulmonis [TA] SYN: costal surface of lung.
f. costalis scapulae [TA] SYN: costal surface of scapula.
f. cruralis anterior SYN: anterior region of leg.
f. cruralis posterior SYN: posterior region of leg.
f. cubitalis anterior SYN: anterior region of elbow.
f. cubitalis posterior SYN: posterior region of elbow.
f. diaphragmatica [TA] SYN: diaphragmatic surface.
f. digitalis dorsalis (manus et pedis) [TA] SYN: dorsal surface of digit (of hand or foot).
f. digitalis palmaris SYN: palmar surfaces of fingers, under surface.
f. digitalis plantaris SYN: plantar surface of toe.
f. digitalis ventralis SYN: palmar surfaces of fingers, under surface.
f. distalis dentis [TA] SYN: distal surface of tooth.
f. dolorosa facial expression of an unhappy person or one sick or in pain.
f. dorsalis [TA] SYN: dorsal surface.
f. dorsalis ossis sacri [TA] SYN: dorsal surface of sacrum.
f. dorsalis scapulae SYN: posterior surface of scapula.
elfin f. f. characterized by a short, upturned nose, wide mouth, widely spaced eyes, and full cheeks; it may be associated with hypercalcemia, supravalvar aortic stenosis, and mental retardation.
f. externa [TA] SYN: external surface.
f. externa ossis frontalis [TA] SYN: external surface of frontal bone.
f. externa ossis parietalis [TA] SYN: external surface of parietal bone.
f. facialis dentis SYN: vestibular surface of tooth.
f. femoralis anterior SYN: anterior region of thigh.
f. femoralis posterior SYN: posterior region of thigh.
f. gastrica splenis [TA] SYN: gastric impression on spleen.
f. glutea ossis ilii [TA] SYN: gluteal surface of ilium.
hippocratic f., f. hippocratica a pinched expression of the face, with sunken eyes, concavity of cheeks and temples, relaxed lips, and leaden complexion; observed in one close to death after severe and prolonged illness. SYN: hippocratic face.
hound-dog f. the facial appearance in cutis laxa, with loose facial skin hanging in folds.
Hutchinson f. the peculiar facial expression produced by the drooping eyelids and motionless eyes in external ophthalmoplegia.
f. inferior hemispherii cerebri [TA] SYN: inferior surface of cerebellar hemisphere.
f. inferior linguae [TA] SYN: inferior surface of tongue.
f. inferior partis petrosae ossis temporalis [TA] SYN: inferior surface of petrous part of temporal bone.
f. inferolateralis prostatae [TA] SYN: inferolateral surface of prostate.
f. infratemporalis alaris majoris ossis sphenoidalis [TA] SYN: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid.
f. infratemporalis corporis maxillae [TA] SYN: infratemporal surface of (body of) maxilla.
f. interlobares pulmonis SYN: interlobar surfaces of lung, under surface.
f. interna [TA] SYN: internal surface.
f. interna ossis frontalis [TA] SYN: internal surface of frontal bone.
f. interna ossis parietalis [TA] SYN: internal surface of parietal bone.
f. intestinalis uteri [TA] SYN: intestinal surface of uterus.
f. lateralis [TA] SYN: lateral surface.
f. lateralis brachii SYN: lateral surface of arm.
f. lateralis cruris SYN: lateral surface of leg.
f. lateralis digiti manus SYN: lateral surface of finger.
f. lateralis digiti pedis SYN: lateral surface of toe.
f. lateralis fibulae [TA] SYN: lateral surface of fibula.
f. lateralis membri inferioris SYN: lateral surface of lower limb.
f. lateralis ossis zygomatici [TA] SYN: lateral surface of zygomatic bone.
f. lateralis ovarii [TA] SYN: lateral surface of ovary.
f. lateralis testis [TA] SYN: lateral surface of testis.
f. lateralis tibiae [TA] SYN: lateral surface of tibia.
leonine f. SYN: leontiasis.
f. ligamenti calcaneonavicularis plantaris tali [TA] SYN: facet (on talus) for plantar calcaneonavicular ligament.
f. lingualis dentis [TA] SYN: lingual surface of tooth.
f. lunata acetabuli [TA] SYN: lunate surface of acetabulum.
f. malleolaris lateralis tali [TA] SYN: lateral malleolar facet of talus.
f. malleolaris medialis tali [TA] SYN: medial malleolar facet of talus.
f. masticatoria SYN: denture occlusal surface.
f. maxillaris alaris majoris ossis sphenoidalis [TA] SYN: maxillary surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone.
f. maxillaris ossis palatini SYN: maxillary surface of palatine bone.
f. medialis [TA] SYN: medial surface.
f. medialis cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] SYN: medial surface of arytenoid cartilage.
f. medialis digiti pedis [TA] SYN: medial surface of toes.
f. medialis fibulae [TA] SYN: medial surface of fibula.
f. medialis hemispherii cerebri [TA] SYN: medial surface of cerebral hemisphere.
f. medialis ovarii [TA] SYN: medial surface of ovary.
f. medialis pulmonis SYN: mediastinal surface of lung.
f. medialis testis SYN: medial surface of testis.
f. medialis tibiae SYN: medial surface of tibia.
f. medialis ulnae SYN: medial surface of ulna.
f. mediastinalis pulmonis [TA] SYN: mediastinal surface of lung.
f. mesialis dentis [TA] SYN: mesial surface of tooth.
mitral f. the pink, slightly flushed cheeks of patients with mitral valve disease; nonspecific.
moon f. roundness of the face due to increased fat deposition laterally seen in patients with hyperadrenocorticalism, either of endogenous ( e.g., Cushing disease) or exogenous origin, such as the use of cortisone-like drugs as therapy.
myasthenic f. the facial expression in myasthenia gravis, caused by drooping of the eyelids and corners of the mouth, and weakness of the muscles of the face.
myopathic f. facial appearance of some patients with myopathies and with myasthenia gravis, consisting of bilateral ptosis and inability to elevate the corners of the mouth, due to muscle weakness.
f. nasalis maxillae [TA] SYN: nasal surface of maxilla.
f. nasalis ossis palatini [TA] SYN: nasal surface of palatine bone.
f. occlusalis dentis [TA] SYN: denture occlusal surface.
f. orbitalis [TA] SYN: orbital surface.
f. palatina laminae horizontalis ossis palatini [TA] SYN: palatine surface of horizontal plate of palatine bone.
f. palmares digitorum [TA] SYN: palmar surfaces of fingers, under surface.
f. pancreatica splenica [TA]
Parkinson f. the expressionless or masklike f. characteristic of parkinsonism (1). SYN: masklike face.
f. patellaris femoris [TA] SYN: patellar surface of femur.
f. pelvica ossis sacri [TA] SYN: pelvic surface of sacrum.
f. poplitea femoris [TA] SYN: popliteal surface of femur.
f. posterior [TA] SYN: posterior surface.
f. posterior cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] SYN: posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage.
f. posterior corneae [TA] SYN: posterior surface of cornea.
f. posterior corporis humeri [TA] SYN: posterior surface of shaft of humerus.
f. posterior cruris SYN: posterior region of leg.
f. posterior fibulae [TA] SYN: posterior surface of fibula.
f. posterior glandulae suprarenalis [TA] SYN: posterior surface of suprarenal gland.
f. posterior iridis [TA] SYN: posterior surface of iris.
f. posterior lentis [TA] SYN: posterior surface of lens.
f. posterior membri inferioris SYN: posterior surface of lower limb.
f. posterior palpebrarum [TA] SYN: posterior surface of eyelids.
f. posterior pancreatis [TA] SYN: posterior surface of pancreas.
f. posterior partis petrosae ossis temporalis [TA] SYN: posterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone.
f. posterior prostatae [TA] SYN: posterior surface of prostate.
f. posterior radii [TA] SYN: posterior surface of radius.
f. posterior renis [TA] SYN: posterior surface of kidney.
f. posterior scapulae [TA]
f. posterior tibiae [TA] SYN: posterior surface of tibia.
f. posterior ulnae [TA] SYN: posterior surface of ulna.
Potter f. characteristic f. seen in bilateral renal agenesis and other severe renal malformations, exhibiting ocular hypertelorism, low-set ears, receding chin, and flattening of the nose. SEE ALSO: Potter syndrome. SYN: Potter disease.
f. pulmonales cordis dextra/sinistra SYN: right/left pulmonary surfaces of heart, under surface.
f. pulmonales cordis dextra/sinistra
f. renalis glandulae suprarenalis [TA] SYN: renal surface of suprarenal gland.
f. renalis lienis renal impression of spleen.
f. renalis splenis [TA] SYN: renal impression of spleen.
f. sacropelvina ossis ilii [TA] SYN: sacropelvic surface of ilium.
f. scaphoidea a facial malformation characterized by protuberant forehead, depressed nose and maxilla, and prominent chin. SYN: dish face.
f. sternocostalis cordis [TA] SYN: sternocostal surface of heart.
f. superior hemispherii cerebelli SYN: superior surface of cerebellar hemisphere.
f. superior tali [TA] SYN: superior facet of trochlear of talus.
f. superolateralis hemispherii cerebri [TA] SYN: superolateral surface of cerebrum.
f. symphysialis [TA] SYN: symphysial surface of pubis.
f. temporalis [TA] SYN: temporal surface.
f. urethralis penis [TA] SYN: urethral surface of penis.
f. vesicalis uteri [TA] SYN: vesical surface of uterus.
f. vestibularis dentis [TA] SYN: vestibular surface of tooth.
f. visceralis hepatis [TA] SYN: visceral surface of liver.
f. visceralis splenis [TA] SYN: visceral surface of the spleen. SEE ALSO: colic impression of spleen, gastric impression on spleen, renal impression of spleen.

facilitation
facilitation (fa-sil′i-ta′shun)

Enhancement or reinforcement of a reflex or other nervous activity by the arrival at the reflex center of other excitatory impulses. [L. facilitas, fr. facilis, easy]
Wedensky f. the arrival of an impulse at a blocked zone, enhancing the excitability of the nerve beyond the block and indicating that the neuromuscular preparation distal to the block has been changed even though the enhancing stimulus is not conducted through the blocked zone.

facing
facing (fas′ing)

A tooth-colored material (usually plastic or porcelain) used to hide the buccal or labial surface of a metal crown to give the outward appearance of a natural tooth.

facio- facio-

The face. SEE ALSO: prosopo-. [L. facies]

faciolingual
faciolingual (fa′she-o-ling′gwal)

Relating to the face and the tongue, often denoting a paralysis affecting these parts.

facioplasty
facioplasty (fa′she-o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery involving the face. [facio- + G. plastos, formed]

facioplegia
facioplegia (fa′she-o-ple′je-a)

SYN: facial paralysis. [facio- + G. plege, a stroke]

F.A.C.N.M.
F.A.C.N.M.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Nuclear Medicine.

F.A.C.N.P.
F.A.C.N.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Nuclear Physicians.

F.A.C.O.G.
F.A.C.O.G.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

F.A.C.P.
F.A.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Physicians, or of Prosthodontists.

F.A.C.R.
F.A.C.R.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Radiology.

FACS
FACS

Abbreviation for fluorescence-activated cell sorter.

F.A.C.S.
F.A.C.S.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.

F.A.C.S.M.
F.A.C.S.M.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.

F-actin
F-actin

See under actin.

factitious
factitious (fak-tish′us)

Artificial; self-induced; not naturally occurring. [L. factitius, made by art, fr. facio, to make]

factor
factor (fak′ter)

1. One of the contributing causes in any action. 2. One of the components that by multiplication makes up a number or expression. 3. SYN: gene. 4. A vitamin or other essential element. 5. An event, characteristic, or other definable entity that brings about a change in a health condition. 6. A categoric independent variable, used to identify, by means of numeric codes, membership in a qualitatively identifiable group; for example, overcrowding is a f. in disease transmission. [L. maker, causer, fr. facio, to make]
f. I in the clotting of blood a f. that is converted to fibrin through the action of thrombin. SEE ALSO: fibrinogen.
f. II a glycoprotein converted in the clotting of blood to thrombin by f. Xa, platelets, calcium ions, and f. V. SEE ALSO: prothrombin.
f. IIa SYN: thrombin.
f. III in the clotting of blood, tissue f. or thromboplastin; it initiates the extrinsic pathway by reacting with f. VII and calcium to form f. VIIa. See thromboplastin.
f. IV in the clotting of blood, calcium ions.
f. V in the clotting of blood, also known as: proaccelerin (Owren), labile or plasma labile f. (Quick), plasma accelerator globulin (Ware and Seegars), thrombogene (Nolf), prothrombokinase (Milstone), plasmin prothrombins conversion f. (Stefanini), component A of prothrombin (Quick), prothrombin accelerator (Fantl and Nance), cofactor of thromboplastin (Honorato), and accelerator f.. F. V does not have enzymatic action itself but participates in the common pathway of coagulation by binding f. Xa to platelet surfaces. Deficiency of this f. leads to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as parahemophilia or hypoproaccelerinemia, with autosomal recessive inheritance; heterozygous individuals are recognized by reduced levels of f. V but have no bleeding tendency. SYN: accelerator f., labile f., plasma accelerator globulin, plasma labile f., plasmin prothrombins conversion f., proaccelerin, prothrombokinase, thrombogene.
f. V_1a SYN: cobyric acid.
f. V_a in the clotting of blood, accelerin.
f. VII in the clotting of blood, also known as: proconvertin (Owren), convertin, serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (de Vries, Alexander), stable f. (Stefanini), cofactor V (Owren), prothrombinogen (Quick), cothromboplastin (Mann and Hurn), serum accelerator (Jacox). F. VII forms a complex with tissue thromboplastin and calcium to activate f. X. F. VII is known to be involved in: 1) the congenital deficiency of f. VII, with purpura and bleeding from mucous membranes, autosomal recessive inheritance; 2) the acquired deficiency of f. VII in association with a deficiency of vitamin K, the neonatal period, and the administration of prothrombinopenic drugs; 3) the acquired excess of f. VII in some patients with thromboembolism. It accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, in the presence of tissue thromboplastin, calcium, and f. V. SYN: proconvertin, prothrombinogen, stable f..
f. VIII in the clotting of blood, also known as: antihemophilic f. A (Brinkhous), antihemophilic globulin (1) (Patek and Taylor), antihemophilic globulin A (Cramer), plasma thromboplastin f. (Ratnoff), plasma thromboplastin f. A (Aggeler), thromboplastic plasma component (Shinowara), thromboplastinogen (Quick), prothrombokinase (Feissly), platelet cofactor (Johnson), plasmokinin (Laki), thrombokatilysin (Leggenhager), and proserum prothrombin conversion accelerator. F. VIII participates in the clotting of the blood by forming a complex with f. IXa, platelets, and calcium and enzymatically catalyzing the activation of f. X. Deficiency of f. VIII is associated with classic hemophilia A. F. VIII:C is the coagulant component of f. VIII which, in normal persons, circulates in the plasma complexed with f. VIIIR (von Willebrand f.), the plasma f. VIII–related protein, a large glycoprotein component that is synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, and circulates in the plasma where it binds to arteries that have lost their endothelial cell linings, creating a surface to which platelets adhere. Disorders involving f. VIIIR form a heterogenous group of abnormalities called von Willebrand disease. A deficiency of f. VIII can lead to impaired blood coagulation. SYN: antihemophilic f. A, antihemophilic globulin A, antihemophilic globulin (1) , plasma thromboplastin f., platelet cofactor I, prothrombokinase.
f. IX in the clotting of blood, also known as: Christmas f. (Biggs and Macfarlane), plasma thromboplastin component (Aggeler), antihemophilic globulin B (Cramer), plasma thromboplastin f. B (Aggeler), plasma f. X (Shulman), antihemophilic f. B, and platelet cofactor II. F. IX is required for the formation of intrinsic blood thromboplastin and affects the amount formed (rather than the rate). Its active form, f. IXa (EC 3.4.21.22) is a serine proteinase converting f. X to f. Xa by cleaving an arginine-isoleucine bond. Deficiency of f. IX causes hemophilia B. SYN: antihemophilic f. B, antihemophilic globulin B, Christmas f., plasma f. X, plasma thromboplastin component, plasma thromboplastin f. B, platelet cofactor II.
f. X in the clotting of blood, also known as: Stuart f., Stuart-Prower f., prothrombase, and prothrombinase. Its active form, f. Xa (EC 3.4.21.6), is formed from f. X by limited proteolysis and assists in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. A deficiency of f. X will lead to impaired blood coagulation. SYN: prothrombinase, Stuart f., Stuart-Prower f..
f. X for Haemophilus SYN: hemin.
f. XI in the clotting of blood, also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent, a component of the contact system which is absorbed from plasma and serum by glass and similar surfaces. Its active form, f. XIa (EC 3.4.21.27), is a serine proteinase converting f. IX to f. IXa. Deficiency of f. XI results in a hemorrhagic tendency and is caused by an autosomal recessive gene. SYN: plasma thromboplastin antecedent.
f. XII in the clotting of blood, also known as glass f. and Hageman f. When activated by glass or otherwise to its active form, f. XIIa (EC 3.4.21.38), a serine proteinase, it activates factors VII and XI and converts f. XI to its active form, f. XIa. Deficiency of f. XII results in great prolongation of the clotting time of venous blood, but only rarely in a hemorrhagic tendency; deficiency is caused by an autosomal recessive gene. SYN: glass f., Hageman f..
f. XIII in the clotting of blood, also known as: fibrin-stabilizing f., Laki-Lorand f., and L-L f. It is catalyzed by thrombin into its active form, f. XIIIa, which cross-links subunits of the fibrin clot to form insoluble fibrin. SYN: fibrin-stabilizing f., L-L f., Laki-Lorand f..
f. 3 1. operational name given to an incompletely characterized selenium-containing natural product which, in minute amounts, prevents liver damage in rats due to deficiency of vitamin E; 2. f. III in the vitamin B₁₂ series, 5-hydroxybenzimidazole, analogue of the usual B₁₂ nucleotide components.
ABO factors see Blood Groups appendix.
accelerator f. SYN: f. V.
acetate replacement f. SYN: lipoic acid.
adrenal weight f. a postulated substance of adenohypophysial origin responsible for maintenance of the weight of the adrenal cortex.
adrenocorticotropic releasing f. hormone produced by hypothalamus that causes pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone.
angiogenesis f. a substance of 2000–20,000 MW which is secreted by macrophages and stimulates neovascularization in healing wounds or in the stroma of tumors.
animal protein f. (APF) SYN: vitamin B₁₂.
antialopecia f. SYN: inositol.
antianemic f. SYN: vitamin B₁₂.
antiangiogenesis f. one of several molecules capable of inhibiting angiogenesis.
antiberiberi f. SYN: thiamin.
anti–black-tongue f. SYN: nicotinic acid.
anticomplementary f. a f. that interferes with the action or function of its complement.
antidermatitis f. SYN: pantothenic acid.
antihemophilic f. A (AHF) SYN: f. VIII.
antihemophilic f. B SYN: f. IX.
antihemorrhagic f. SYN: vitamin K.
antineuritic f. SYN: thiamin.
antinuclear f. (ANF) a f., usually antibodies, present in serum with strong affinity for certain nuclear proteins and detected by fluorescent antibody technique; present in lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and certain other autoimmune conditions; may also be present at lower levels in normal individuals.
antipellagra f. SYN: nicotinic acid.
antipernicious anemia f. (APA) 1. SYN: vitamin B₁₂. 2. specifically, cyanocobalamin.
antisterility f. SYN: vitamin E (2) .
atrial natriuretic f. (ANF) an early name given to a natriuretic f. derived from cardiac atria. Because the f. is now known to be a peptide, the term is no longer used.
f. B complement pathways.
B_T f. SYN: carnitine.
bacteriocin factors SYN: bacteriocinogenic plasmids, under plasmid.
B cell differentiating f. SYN: interleukin-4.
B cell differentiation/growth factors various substances, usually obtained from the supernatant of T cell cultures, such as interleukin 4, 5, and 6. These substances are necessary for B cell growth, maturation, and differentiation into plasma cells or B memory cells.
B cell stimulatory f. 2 SYN: interleukin-6.
bifidus f. an unidentified substance associated with Lactobacillus bifidus pennsylvanicus, present in mammalian milk.
biotic factors environmental factors or influences resulting from the activities of living organisms, as contrasted to those resulting from climatic, geological, or other factors.
Bittner milk f. SYN: mammary tumor virus of mice.
branching f. 1,4-α-glucan-branching enzyme.
C factors SYN: coupling factors.
CAMP f. CAMP test.
capillary permeability f. SYN: vitamin P.
Castle intrinsic f. SYN: intrinsic f..
Christmas f. SYN: f. IX.
citrovorum f. (CF) SYN: folinic acid.
clearing factors lipoprotein lipases that appear in plasma during lipemia and catalyze hydrolysis of triglycerides only when the latter are bound to protein and when an acceptor ( e.g., serum albumin) is present, thus “clearing” the plasma.
clotting f. any of the various plasma components involved in the clotting process. SYN: coagulation f..
coagulation f. SYN: clotting f..
cobra venom f. a component of cobra venom that can activate the alternative pathway of complement.
coenzyme f. SYN: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase.
colony-stimulating factors (CSF) a group of glycoprotein growth factors regulating differentiation of myeloid cells. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways; each appears to have the ability to exert action on several lines of progenitor cells, and to influence end cell function.
complement chemotactic f. the activated complex of the fifth, sixth, and seventh components of complement C 5a, C 3a, C 5b, 6, 7 which induces chemotaxis in the case of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
complement f. I a heterodimeric glycoprotein; a deficiency results in uncontrolled activation of C3.
corticotropin-releasing f. (CRF) SYN: corticotropin-releasing hormone.
coupling factors proteins that restore phosphorylating ability to mitochondria that have lost it, i.e., have become “uncoupled” so that oxidation and electron transport no longer produce ATP. Usually termed coupling f. F₁, F₂, etc. SYN: C factors.
f. D complement pathways.
debranching factors SYN: debranching enzymes, under enzyme.
decapacitation f. a f., postulated to be present in epididymal fluid and seminal plasma, that prevents the capacitation of spermatozoa.
diabetogenic f. rarely used term for a f. in crude extracts of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis that produces degenerative changes in the islet cells of the pancreas and causes permanent diabetes.
diffusing f. SYN: hyaluronidase (1) .
direct lytic f. of cobra venom SYN: cobrotoxin.
Duran-Reynals permeability f., Duran-Reynals spreading f. SYN: hyaluronidase (1) .
elongation f. proteins that catalyze the elongation of peptide chains during protein biosynthesis. SYN: transfer f. (3) .
endothelial relaxing f. (en′do-the′li-al) nitric oxide, which functions as a neurotransmitter and is produced by activated macrophages. It is capable of killing tumor cells, parasites, and intracellular bacteria.
endothelium-derived relaxing f. (EDRF) a diffusible substance produced by endothelial cells that cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation; nitric oxide (NO).
eosinophil chemotactic f. of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) a peptide (MW 500 to 600) that is chemotactic for eosinophilic leukocytes and is released from disrupted mast cells.
epidermal growth f. (EGF) a heat-stable antigenic protein isolated from the submaxillary glands of male mice; when injected into newborn animals, it accelerates eyelid opening and tooth eruption, stimulates epidermal growth and keratinization, and, in larger doses, inhibits body growth and hair development and produces fatty livers.
erythrocyte maturation f. SYN: vitamin B₁₂.
essential food factors those substances required in the diet: certain amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, essential minerals, etc.
extrinsic f. dietary vitamin B₁₂.
fermentation Lactobacillus casei f. SYN: pteropterin.
fertility f. SYN: F plasmid.
fibrin-stabilizing f. SYN: f. XIII.
filtrate f. former term for pantothenic acid.
Fitzgerald f. SYN: high molecular weight kininogen.
Flaujeac f. SYN: high molecular weight kininogen.
Fletcher f. SYN: prekallikrein.
G f. 1. the single common variance or f. that is common to ( i.e., empirically intercorrelates with) different intelligence tests (general); 2. a substance required for the growth of a specific organism.
glass f. SYN: f. XII.
glucose tolerance f. a water-soluble complex containing chromium and nicotinate needed for normal glucose tolerance.
f. Gm a f. that determines certain of the allotypes of human immunoglobulins; found only on the γ chains of IgG (γ-globulin).
gonadotropin-releasing f. SYN: gonadoliberin (1) .
granulocyte colony-stimulating f. (G-CSF) (gran′oo-lo-sit) glycoproteins that are synthesized by a variety of cells that stimulate the production of neutrophils from hematopoietic stem cells. SEE ALSO: colony-stimulating factors.
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating f. (GM-CSF) (gran′oo-lo-sit-mak′ro-faj) a glycoprotein secreted by macrophages or bone stromal cells that functions as a growth f. for myeloid progenitor cells such as granulocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. SEE ALSO: colony-stimulating factors.
growth factors natural substances produced by the body (hormones) or obtained from food (vitamins, minerals) that promote growth and development by directing cell maturation and differentiation and by mediating maintenance and repair of tissues; abnormalities in growth factors may be involved in benign and malignant neoplasia.
growth hormone-releasing f. (GHRF, GH-RF) SYN: somatoliberin.
f. H 1. former designation for biotin; 2. vitamin B₁₂ analogue or precursor; 3. a glycoprotein that regulates the activity of complement f. C3b; a deficiency results in the lack of inhibition of the alternative hemolytic pathway leading to continuous activation and consumption of f. C3 (hemolytic uremic syndrome).
Hageman f. SYN: f. XII.
HG f. SYN: glucagon.
histamine-releasing f. a lymphokine produced from antigen-stimulated lymphocytes that induces the release of histamine from basophils.
human antihemophilic f. a lyophilized concentrate of f. VIII, obtained from fresh normal human plasma; used as a hemostatic agent in hemophilia. SYN: antihemophilic globulin (2) , human antihemophilic fraction.
hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic f. (HGF) SYN: glucagon.
impact f. mathematical expression of frequency with which a particular medical journal's original articles are cited in other medical journals.
inhibition f. SYN: migration-inhibitory f..
initiation f. (IF) one of several soluble proteins involved in the initiation of protein or RNA synthesis.
insulinlike growth f. (IGF) (formerly termed somatomedin C), is the most important somatomedin for postnatal growth; it is produced in the liver, kidney, muscle, pituitary, the gastrointestinal tract, and chondrocytes. IGF-I is a basic protein (7600 MW) that circulates bound to six distinct IGF binding proteins (IGF-BPs), which increase the half-life of circulating IGF-I to 3–18 h, as compared with the half-life of 20–30 min for unbound hormone. Local tissue generation of IGF-I/SM-C, particularly in bone, may play an important role in growth mediation through its paracrine effects. SYN: somatomedins.
intrinsic f. (IF) a relatively small mucoprotein (MW about 50,000) secreted by the neck cell of the gastric glands and required for adequate absorption of vitamin B₁₂ and othe rcobalamins; deficiency results in pernicious anemia. SYN: Castle intrinsic f..
f. Inv obsolete term for Km allotypes on a f. of human immunoglobulins; found on the κ chains.
ischemia-modifying factors various factors that play a role in determining the extent of necrosis with cerebral stroke; these include blood viscosity and osmolality, the blood pressure, and the anatomy of the neck and intracranial arteries.
labile f. SYN: f. V.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus f. (LBF) SYN: pantetheine.
Lactobacillus casei f. SYN: folic acid (2) .
Laki-Lorand f. SYN: f. XIII.
LE factors antinuclear immunoglobulins in plasma of persons with disseminated lupus erythematosus, associated with positive LE tests.
lethal f. See genetic lethal.
leukemia inhibitory f. a lymphokine that inhibits the migration of neutrophils.
leukocytosis-promoting f. a substance obtained by Menkin from inflammatory exudates; it stimulates leukocytosis.
leukopenic f. a principle obtained by Menkin from inflammatory exudates; it causes leukopenia when injected into normal animals.
lipotropic f. SYN: choline.
liver filtrate f. former term for pantothenic acid.
liver Lactobacillus casei f. SYN: folic acid (2) .
L-L f. SYN: f. XIII.
luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing f. (LH/FSH-RF) SYN: gonadoliberin (2) .
luteinizing hormone-releasing f. (LH-RF, LRF) former name for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
lymph node permeability f. (LNPF) a substance, released by lymphocytes when stimulated or damaged, that increases capillary permeability and the accumulation of mononuclear cells.
macrophage-activating f. (MAF) (mak′ro-faj) a primarily CD4⁺ T cell–derived lymphokine that induces macrophage activation. The major macrophage–activating f. is interferon gamma. In the mouse, interleukin-4 is also an MAF.
macrophage colony-stimulating f. (M-CSF) a glycoprotein growth f. that causes the committed cell line to proliferate and mature into macrophages. SEE ALSO: colony-stimulating factors.
maize f. SYN: zeatin.
mammotropic f. SYN: prolactin.
maturation f. SYN: vitamin B₁₂.
megakaryocyte growth and development f. SYN: thrombopoietin.
melanotropin-releasing f. (MRF) SYN: melanoliberin.
mesodermal f. a protein that can induce the formation of kidney and muscle primordia in embryos.
migration-inhibitory f. (MIF) a soluble, nondialyzable substance that is produced by sensitized lymphocytes ( i.e., lymphocytes from a sensitized animal) when exposed to the specific antigen, and that causes adherence and inhibition of migration of macrophages. SYN: inhibition f..
milk f. SYN: mammary tumor virus of mice.
monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic f. (MDNCF) SYN: interleukin-8.
mouse antialopecia f. SYN: inositol.
müllerian inhibiting f. SYN: müllerian inhibiting substance.
müllerian regression f., müllerian duct inhibitory f. a nonsteroidal substance of fetal testicular origin that acts unilaterally to inhibit development of the paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts and acts with testosterone to promote development of the vas deferens and related structures.
multicolony-stimulating f. (multi-CSF) SYN: interleukin-3.
myocardial depressant f. (MDF) a toxic f. in shock that impairs cardiac contractility; probably a peptide released with underperfusion of the splanchnic area at the release of proteolytic enzymes from the pancreas.
natural killer cell stimulating f. obsolete term for interleukin-12.
nephritic f. a serum protein (possibly an IgG autoantibody), found in some patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and hypocomplementemia, which, together with the cofactors of the alternate pathway of complement activation, cleaves the third component of complement (C3).
nerve growth f. (NGF) a protein (MW about 26,000) that controls the development of sympathetic postganglionic neurons and possibly also sensory (dorsal root) ganglion cells in mammals; similar, but not identical, factors have been isolated from the venoms of several species of snakes; it has been isolated from the submaxillary glands of male mice, and when injected into newborn animals, sympathetic ganglia become hyperplastic and hypertrophic; stimulates synthesis of nucleic acids and protein.
neural f. a protein that can induce the formation of notochord tissue in embryos.
neutrophil-activating f. SYN: interleukin-8.
neutrophil chemotactant f. (noo′tro-fil ke′mo-tak-tant) SYN: interleukin-8.
nuclear f.-κB an transcription f. associated with cytokine production.
osteoclast activating f. a lymphokine that stimulates bone resorption and inhibits bone-collagen synthesis.
ψ f. SYN: psi f..
f. P a chemical (postulated by T. Lewis), formed in ischemic skeletal or cardiac muscle, held to be responsible for the pain of intermittent claudication and angina pectoris. SYN: P substance of Lewis.
P f. see P blood group, Blood Groups appendix.
pellagra-preventing f. (p-p f.) SYN: nicotinic acid.
plasma labile f. SYN: f. V.
plasma thromboplastin f. (PTF) SYN: f. VIII.
plasma thromboplastin f. B SYN: f. IX.
plasma f. X SYN: f. IX.
plasmin prothrombins conversion f. (PPCF) SYN: f. V.
platelet f. 3 a blood coagulation f. derived from platelets; chemically, a phospholipid lipoprotein that acts with certain plasma thromboplastin factors to convert prothrombin to thrombin.
platelet-activating f. (PAF) SYN: platelet-aggregating f..
platelet-aggregating f. (PAF) phospholipid mediator of platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. Produced in response to specific stimuli by a variety of cell types, including neutrophils, basophils, platelets, and endothelial cells. Several molecular species of PAF have been identified which vary in the length of the O-alkyl side chain. It is an important mediator of bronchoconstriction. SYN: platelet-activating f..
platelet-derived growth f. (PDGF) a f. in platelets that is mitogenic for cells at the site of a wound, e.g., causing endothelial proliferation; cationic glycoprotein mitogen for fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and glial cells. Principal f. in serum required for the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal-derived cells in tissue culture.
platelet tissue f. SYN: thromboplastin.
p-p f. abbreviation for pellagra-preventing f.
predisposing factors attitudinal, personality, and related factors that motivate and guide an individual to take certain health actions.
prolactin-inhibiting f. dopamine, a substance that inhibits secretion of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland.
properdin f. B a normal serum protein (MW 95,000) and a component of the properdin system, which combines with C3b to form the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway.
properdin f. D a normal serum α-globulin (MW about 25,000) required in the properdin system to cleave f. B into Bb and Ba. Bb combines with C3b to form the C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway.
protein f. the f. (6.25) by which the nitrogen content of a protein is multiplied to give the amount of protein.
psi f. a protein responsible for the specific initiation of the RNA polymerase-catalyzed reaction at the promoter sites of genes. SYN: ψ f..
pyruvate oxidation f. SYN: lipoic acid.
quality f. (QF) a f. by which absorbed radiation doses are multiplied to obtain, for radiation protection purposes, a quantity that expresses the approximate biologic effectiveness of the absorbed dose. Cf.:RBE, relative biologic effectiveness.
ρ f. SYN: rho f..
R factors SYN: resistance plasmids, under plasmid.
radiation weighting f. in radiation protection, a f. weighting the absorbed dose of radiation of a specific type and energy for its effect on tissue. See equivalent dose, relative biologic effectiveness, quality f..
releasing factors (RF) 1. substances, usually of hypothalamic origin, capable of accelerating the rate of secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland; 2. factors required in the termination phase of either RNA biosynthesis or protein biosynthesis. SYN: termination f.. SYN: liberins, releasing hormone, statins.
resistance factors SYN: resistance plasmids, under plasmid.
resistance-inducing f. (RIF) an agent from normal chick embryos that interferes with multiplication of the avian sarcoma virus, and is a leukosis virus antigenically related to the avian sarcoma virus.
resistance-transfer f. the portion of the plasmid that contain genes that confer resistance to e.g., antibiotics.
Rh f. the antigen of the Rh blood group system. See Blood Groups Appendix. SYN: Rhesus f..
Rhesus f. see Blood Groups Appendix. SYN: Rh f..
rheumatoid factors (RF) antibodies in the serum of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. These factors are autoantibodies of the classes IgM, IgG, and IgA. The most common f. is IgM and is the one usually measured. Rheumatoid factors also occur in other autoimmune and certain infectious diseases.
rho f. a termination f. that releases RNA from the DNA template; a bacterial protein that is an ATP-dependent helicase. SYN: ρ f..
risk f. a characteristic statistically associated with, although not necessarily causally related to, an increased risk of morbidity or mortality e.g., smoking as a risk f. for heart disease.
σ f. SYN: sigma f..
S f. the individual variables, or empirically most minute subclusters of intercorrelations or common variance, found in different intelligence tests (specific).
secretor f. the capacity to secrete antigens of the ABO blood group in saliva and other body fluids, controlled by a pair of allelic genes designated Se and se (or S and s), with the Se phenotype dominant to se; the saliva of genotypes SeSe and Sese contains the blood group substances A, B, or H found in their erythrocytes; the saliva of nonsecretors (genotype sese) contains no blood group substance; tests for ABH secretion are useful in genetic linkage and population studies; the secretor phenomenon is also closely associated with the Lewis blood group.
sex f. SYN: F plasmid.
sigma f. a f. that inhibits the nonspecific DNA binding of RNA polymerase, as well as helping to identify the starting point of transcription; it promotes attachment of the RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites. SYN: σ f..
slow-reacting f. of anaphylaxis (SRF-A) SYN: slow-reacting substance.
SLR f., Streptococcus lactis R f. SYN: rhizopterin.
somatotropin release-inhibiting f. (SRIF, SIF) SYN: somatostatin.
somatotropin-releasing f. (SRF) SYN: somatoliberin.
spreading f. SYN: hyaluronidase (1) .
stable f. SYN: f. VII.
stem cell f. a cytokine that promotes growth and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into a variety of cell lineages.
stringent f. the gene product (an enzyme) that is crucial to the cellular response of decreased ribosome production as a result of amino acid starvation. SEE ALSO: stringent response.
Stuart f., Stuart-Prower f. SYN: f. X.
sun protection f. (SPF) the ratio of the minimal ultraviolet dose required to produce erythema with and without a sunscreen; highly effective sunscreens have an SPF of 15 or more.
T-cell growth f. obsolete term for interleukin-2.
T-cell growth f.-1 obsolete term for interleukin-2.
T-cell growth f.-2 obsolete term for interleukin-4.
termination f. SYN: releasing factors (2) .
testis-determining f. (TDF) the product of a gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome that is responsible for production of testes.
thymic lymphopoietic f. a glycoprotein (MW about 12,000) that has been extracted from thymus; this thymus-produced hormone(s) confers immunological competence on thymus-dependent cells and induces lymphopoiesis.
thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing f. (TSH-RF) SYN: thyroliberin.
thyrotropin-releasing f. (TRF) former name for thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
tissue f. SYN: thromboplastin.
tissue weighting f. in radiation protection, a f. weighting the equivalent dose in a particular tissue or organ in terms of its relative contribution to the total deleterious effects resulting from uniform irradiation of the whole body. See effective dose.
transfer f. 1. the transfer gene of a conjugative plasmid, especially of the resistance plasmid; 2. a dialyzable extract that is obtained from the leukocytes of a person with a delayed-type sensitivity and that, following injection into the skin of a nonsensitive person, transfers the specific sensitivity to the recipient; 3. SYN: elongation f..
transforming f. the DNA responsible for bacterial transformation.
transforming growth factors (TGF) two polypeptide growth factors; TGF-α stimulates growth of many epidermal and epithelial cells and is obtained from conditioned media of transformed or tumor cells; TGF-β is obtained from kidney and platelets and controls proliferation and differentiation in many cell types.
transforming growth f. α (TGFα) a cytokine made by tumor and transformed cells that is associated with growth and differentiation. It is also made in normal tissues during embryogenesis and in certain adult tissues.
transforming growth f. β (TGFβ) a regulatory cytokine that has multifunctional properties that can enhance or inhibit many cellular functions, including interfering with the production of other cytokines and enhancing collagen deposition. It exists in multiple subtypes and is produced by platelets and macrophages but can be made by many other cell types.
transmethylation f. SYN: choline.
tumor angiogenic f. (TAF) a substance released by solid tumors which induces formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor.
tumor necrosis f. (TNF) SYN: cachectin.
tumor necrosis f.-α a pleiotropic cytokine synthesized widely throughout the female reproductive tract.
tumor necrosis f.-β a cytokine that is produced by CD4 and CD8 T cells after exposure to an antigen.
uncoupling factors SYN: uncouplers.
von Willebrand f. f. VIII.
W f. SYN: biotin.
Williams f. SYN: high molecular weight kininogen.

factorial
factorial (fak-tor′e-al)

1. Pertaining to a statistical factor or factors. 2. Of an integer, that integer multiplied by each smaller integer in succession down to one; e.g., 5! equals 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

facultative
facultative (fak-ul-ta′tiv)

Able to live under more than one specific set of environmental conditions; possessing an alternative pathway.

faculty
faculty (fak′ul-te)

A natural or specialized power of a living organism.

FAD
FAD

Abbreviation for flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Faget
Faget

Jean C., French physician, 1818–1884. See F. sign.

Fahr
Fahr

Theodore, German physician, 1877–1945. See F. disease.

Fahraeus
Fahraeus

Robert (Robin) Sanno, Swedish pathologist, 1888–1968. See F.-Lindqvist effect.

Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit (F)

Gabriel D., German-Dutch physicist, 1686–1736. See F. scale.

failure
failure (fal′ur)

The state of insufficiency or nonperformance.
backward heart f. a concept (formerly considered mutually exclusive with forward heart f.) that maintains that the phenomena of congestive heart f. result from passive engorgement of the veins caused by a “backward” rise in pressure proximal to the failing cardiac chambers. Cf.:forward heart f..
cardiac f. SYN: heart f. (1) .
congestive heart f. SYN: heart f. (1) .
coronary f. acute coronary insufficiency.
electrical f. f. in which cardiac inadequacy is secondary to disturbance of the electrical impulse.
forward heart f. a concept (formerly considered mutually exclusive with backward heart f.) that maintains that the phenomena of congestive heart f. result from the inadequate cardiac output, and especially from the consequent inadequacy of renal blood flow with resulting retention of sodium and water. Cf.:backward heart f..
heart f. 1. inadequacy of the heart so that as a pump it fails to maintain the circulation of blood, with the result that congestion and edema develop in the tissues; SYN: cardiac f., cardiac insufficiency, congestive heart f., myocardial insufficiency. SEE ALSO: forward heart f., backward heart f., right ventricular f., left ventricular f.. 2. resulting clinical syndromes include shortness of breath or nonpitting edema, enlarged tender liver, engorged neck veins, and pulmonary rales in various combinations.
high output f. heart f. in which, despite relative myocardial insufficiency and consequent congestive heart f., the cardiac output is maintained at normal or supernormal levels, as is sometimes seen in emphysema, thyrotoxicosis, etc.
left-sided heart f. inability of the left heart to maintain its circulatory load, with corresponding rise in pressure in the pulmonary circulation usually with pulmonary congestion and ultimately pulmonary edema. SYN: left ventricular f..
left ventricular f. SYN: left-sided heart f..
low output f. heart f. in which the cardiac output is subnormal, as is usually seen in f. due to coronary, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease.
pacemaker f. f. of an artificial pacemaker to generate or deliver effective stimuli to the myocardium.
power f. SYN: pump f..
premature ovarian f. SYN: premature menopause.
pump f. a term used to emphasize mechanical default of the heart as a pump; in acute myocardial infarction, pump f. signifies congestive heart f., pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock. Cf.:electrical f.. SYN: power f..
pure autonomic f. a degenerative, sporadic neurologic disorder of adult onset, manifested principally as orthostatic hypotension and syncope, with no neurologic defects other than autonomic nervous system dysfunction evident; probably caused by selective degeneration of neurons in the sympathetic ganglia, with denervation of smooth muscle vasculature and the adrenal glands. SYN: Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome.
renal f. loss of renal function, either acute or chronic, that results in azothemia and syndrome of uremia.
respiratory f. loss of pulmonary function either acute or chronic that results in hypoxemia or hypercarbia; final common pathway for myriad respiratory disorders.
right ventricular f. congestive heart f. manifested by distention of the neck veins, enlargement of the liver, and dependent edema due to pump f. of the right ventricle.
secondary f. 1. f. of the function of an organ as a result of antecedent pathology elsewhere; 2. decreasing responsiveness to a drug after an initial satisfactory response, usually occurring several months after initiation of treatment.
f. to thrive a condition in which an infant's weight gain and growth are far below usual levels for age.

faint
faint (fant)

1. Extremely weak; threatened with syncope. 2. An episode of syncope. SEE ALSO: syncope. [M.E., fr. O. Fr. feindre, to feign]

falcate
falcate (fal′kat)

SYN: falciform.

falces
falces (fal′sez)

Plural of falx.

falcial
falcial (fal′shal)

Relating to the falx cerebelli or falx cerebri. SYN: falcine.

falciform
falciform (fal′si-form)

Having a crescentic or sickle shape. SYN: falcate. [L. falx, sickle, + forma, form]

falcine
falcine (fal′sen)

SYN: falcial.

falcula
falcula (fal′ku-la)

SYN: falx cerebelli. [L. dim. of falx]

falcular
falcular (fal′ku-lar)

1. Resembling a sickle or falx. 2. Relating to the falx cerebelli or cerebri.

fallopian fallopian (fa-lo′pe-an)

Described by or attributed to Fallopius.

Fallopio
Fallopio

See Fallopius.

Fallopius
Fallopius, Fallopio

Gabriele, Italian anatomist, 1523–1562. See fallopian aqueduct, fallopian arch, fallopian canal, fallopian hiatus, fallopian ligament, fallopian neuritis, fallopian pregnancy, fallopian tube, aqueductus fallopii, tuba fallopiana, fallopian tube.

Fallot
Fallot

Étienne-Louis A., French physician, 1850–1911. See pentalogy of F., F. tetrad, F. triad, trilogy of F..

false negative
false negative (fawls neg′a-tiv)

1. A test result that erroneously excludes an individual from a specific diagnostic or reference group. 2. An individual whose test results exclude him or her from a particular diagnostic group to which the individual may truly belong. 3. Term used to denote a false-negative result.

false positive
false positive (fawls pos′i-tiv)

1. A test result that erroneously assigns an individual to a specific diagnostic or reference group, due particularly to insufficiently exact methods of testing. 2. An individual whose test results include him or her in a particular diagnostic group to which the individual may not truly belong. 3. Term used to denote a false-positive result.

falsetto
falsetto (fal-set′to)

Descriptive of phonation at an unnaturally high frequency. [It., fr. falso, false, + -etto, dim. suffix]

falsification
falsification (fawl′si-fi-ka′shun)

The deliberate act of misrepresentation so as to deceive. See Munchausen syndrome. [L. falsus, false, + facio, to make]
retrospective f. unconscious distortion of past experience to conform to present psychological needs.

falx
falx, pl .falces (falks, fal′sez) [TA]

A sickle-shaped structure. [L. sickle]
f. aponeurotica SYN: inguinal f..
cerebellar f. f. cerebelli.
f. cerebelli [TA] a short process of dura mater projecting forward from the internal occipital crest below the tentorium; it occupies the posterior cerebellar notch and the vallecula, and bifurcates below into two diverging limbs passing to either side of the foramen magnum. SYN: cerebellar f.&star, falcula.
cerebral f. f. cerebri.
f. cerebri [TA] the scythe-shaped fold of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres; it is attached anteriorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone and caudally to the upper surface of the tentorium. SYN: cerebral f.&star.
inguinal f. [TA] common tendon of insertion of the transversus and internal oblique muscles into the crest and tubercle of the pubis and iliopectineal line; it is frequently largely muscular rather than aponeurotic and may be poorly developed; forms posterior wall of medial inguinal canal. SYN: f. inguinalis [TA] , conjoint tendon&star, tendo conjunctivus&star, conjoined tendon, f. aponeurotica, inguinal aponeurotic fold.
f. inguinalis [TA] SYN: inguinal f..
f. septi SYN: valve of foramen ovale.

familial
familial (fa-mil′e-al)

Affecting more members of the same family than can be accounted for by chance, usually within a single sibship; commonly but incorrectly used to mean genetic. [L. familia, family]

familial neuroviscerolipidosis
familial neuroviscerolipidosis

SYN: infantile, generalized G_M1 gangliosidosis.

family
family (fam′i-le)

1. A group of two or more persons united by blood, adoptive, or marital ties, or the common law equivalent. 2. In biologic classification, a taxonomic grouping at the level intermediate between the order and the tribe or genus. 3. A group of substances closely related structurally. 4. A group of proteins with characteristic sequence, pharmacologic, and/or signaling profiles. [L. familia]
alu f. a set of dispersed sequences in the human genome having Alu cleavage sites at each end.
alu-equivalent f. a set of sequences in a mammalian genome that is related to the human Alu f..
cancer f. a group of blood relatives of whom several have had cancer; the mode of aggregation may be genetic and homogeneous, as in familial polyposis of the colon; diverse as in neurofibromatosis; or due to common exposure to a carcinogenic or oncogenic agent, such as a virus.
extended f. a group of persons comprising members of several generations united by blood, adoptive, marital, or equivalent ties.
gene f. group of genes related by sequence similarity.
nuclear f. in genetics, two parents and their progeny in common.

famotidine
famotidine (fa-mo′ti-den)

A histamine H₂ antagonist used in the treatment of duodenal ulcers to reduce hydrochloric acid secretion.

famotine hydrochloride
famotine hydrochloride (fam′o-ten)

An antiviral agent.

Fañanás
Fañanás

J., Spanish physician. See F. cell.

Fanconi
Fanconi

Guido, Swiss pediatrician, 1892–1979. See F. anemia, F. pancytopenia, F. syndrome.

fang
fang

1. A long tooth or tusk, usually a canine. 2. The hollow tooth of a snake through which the venom is ejected. [A.S. fohan, to seize]

fango
fango (fang′go)

Mud from the Battaglio thermal springs in Italy, applied externally in the treatment of rheumatism and other diseases of the joints and muscles. [It. mud]

Fannia
Fannia (fan′e-a)

A genus of flies of the family Muscidae. Species include F. canicularis (the lesser housefly), commonly observed in kitchens or near food, which resembles Musca domestica (the common housefly) but is somewhat smaller and has three brown stripes on the thorax, and F. scalaris (the latrine fly), which commonly lays eggs in liquid feces of humans and animals and is distinguished from F. canicularis by two brown stripes on its thorax.

fantasy
fantasy (fan′ta-se)

Imagery that is more or less coherent, as in dreams and daydreams, yet unrestricted by reality. SYN: phantasia. [G. phantasia, idea, image]

FAP
FAP

Abbreviation for familial adenomatous polyposis.

Farabeuf
Farabeuf

Louis H., French surgeon, 1841–1910. See F. amputation, F. triangle.

farad
farad (F) (fa′rad)

A practical unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a condenser having a charge of 1 coulomb under an electromotive force of 1 V. [M. Faraday]

Faraday
Faraday

Michael, English physicist and chemist, 1791–1867. See farad, f., F. constant, F. laws, under law.

faraday
faraday (F) , Faraday (fa′ra-da)

96,485.309 coulombs per mole, the amount of electricity required to reduce one equivalent of a monovalent ion. [M. F.]

faradism
faradism (fa′ra-dizm)

Faradic (induction) electricity.
surging f. a current of gradually increasing and decreasing amplitude obtained by interposing a rhythmic resistance to the alternating current produced by the induction coil.

faradization
faradization (fa′rad-i-za′shun)

Therapeutic application of the faradic (induced) electrical current.

faradocontractility
faradocontractility (fa′ra-do-kon′trak-til′i-te)

Contractility of muscles under the stimulus of a faradic (induced) electric current.

faradomuscular
faradomuscular (fa′ra-do-mus′ku-lar)

Denoting the effect of applying a faradic (induced) electric current directly to a muscle.

faradopalpation
faradopalpation (fa′ra-do-pal-pa′shun)

Esthesiometry by means of a sharp-pointed electrode through which a feeble alternating current passes to an indifferent electrode.

faradotherapy
faradotherapy (fa′ra-do-thar′a-pe)

Treatment of disease or paralysis by means of faradic (induced) electric current.

Farber
Farber

Sidney, U.S. pediatric pathologist, 1903–1973. See F. disease, F. syndrome.

farcy
farcy (far′se)

1. A lymphatic disease of cattle caused by Nocardia farcinica. 2. The skin form of glanders. [L. farcio, to stuff]

fardel
fardel (far′del)

The total measurable penalty that is incurred as a result of the occurrence of a genetic disease in one individual; one of two major quantitative considerations in the prognostic aspects of genetic counseling, the other being risk of occurrence. The f. roughly measures the duration and the severity of the penalty, i.e., the integral of the total time-intensity function; e.g., color blindness has a low intensity of penalty throughout life, anencephaly causes intense distress for a brief time, Alzheimer disease is intermediate in both respects but the f. is greater. [M.E., fr. O. Fr., fr. Ar. fardah, bundle]

farfara
farfara (far′far-a)

The dried leaves of Tussilago f. (family Compositae); a demulcent. [L. farfarus, coltsfoot]

farina
farina (fa-re′na)

Flour or meal, as prepared from cereal grains such as Avena sativa (oats) or Triticum sativum (wheat); used as a starchy food. [L.]
f. avenae (fa-re′na a-ve-na) oatmeal flour.
f. tritici (fa-re′na trit′i-se) wheat flour.

farinaceous
farinaceous (far-i-na′shus)

1. Relating to farina or flour. 2. Starchy.

farnesene alcohol
farnesene alcohol

SYN: farnesol.

farnesol
farnesol (far′ne-sol)

A difarnesyl group that occurs in the side chain of vitamin K₂ and constitutes squalene; found in oil of citronella; a sesquiterpene alcohol. SYN: farnesene alcohol.

farnesyl pyrophosphate
farnesyl pyrophosphate (far′ne-sil pi′ro-fos′fat)

The pyrophosphoryl derivative of farnesol; a key intermediate in the synthesis of steroids, dolichol, ubiquinone, prenylated proteins, and heme a.

farnoquinone
farnoquinone (far′no-kwin′on)

SYN: menaquinone-6.

Farnsworth
Farnsworth

Dean, U.S. naval officer, 1902–1959. See F.-Munsell color test.

Farr
Farr

William, English medical statistician, 1807–1883. See F. laws, under law.

Farrant mounting fluid
Farrant mounting fluid

See under fluid.

Farre
Farre

Arthur, English obstetrician and gynecologist, 1811–1887. See F. line.

farsightedness
farsightedness (far′sit′ed-nes)

SYN: hyperopia.

Fas
Fas

A receptor present in cells that binds with F. ligand to induce apoptosis. SEE ALSO: F. ligand.

fascia
fascia, pl .fasciaefascias (fash′e-a, -e-e) [TA]

A sheet of fibrous tissue that envelops the body beneath the skin; it also encloses muscles and groups of muscles, and separates their several layers or groups. [L. a band or fillet]
f. abdominalis parietalis extraperitoneal f..
Abernethy f. a layer of subperitoneal areolar tissue in front of the external iliac artery. See iliac f..
f. adherens a broad intercellular junction in the intercalated disk of cardiac muscle that anchors actin filaments.
anal f. SYN: inferior f. of pelvic diaphragm.
antebrachial f. [TA] it is continuous with the brachial f.; in the region of the wrist it forms two thickened bands, the extensor and flexor retinacula. SYN: f. antebrachii [TA] , deep f. of forearm, f. of forearm.
f. antebrachii [TA] SYN: antebrachial f..
f. axillaris [TA] SYN: axillary f..
axillary f. [TA] the perforated f. that forms the floor of the axilla. It is continuous with the pectoral and clavipectoral f. anteriorly, with the brachial f. laterally, and with the f. of the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles posteriorly and medially. SYN: f. axillaris [TA] .
bicipital f. SYN: bicipital aponeurosis.
brachial f. [TA] the deep f. of the arm; it is continuous proximally with the pectoral f. and the f. covering the deltoid; distally it is continuous with the antebrachial f.. SYN: f. brachii [TA] , deep f. of arm.
f. brachii [TA] SYN: brachial f..
broad f. SYN: deep f. of thigh.
f. buccopharyngea [TA] SYN: buccopharyngeal f..
buccopharyngeal f. [TA] the f. that covers the muscular layer of the pharynx and is continued forward onto the buccinator muscle. SYN: f. buccopharyngea [TA] .
Buck f. SYN: f. of penis.
f. bulbi SYN: fascial sheath of eyeball.
Camper f. SYN: fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of abdomen.
f. cervicalis [TA] SYN: (deep) cervical f..
f. cervicalis profunda SYN: (deep) cervical f..
f. cinerea SYN: fasciolar gyrus.
clavipectoral f. [TA] a f. that extends between the coracoid process, the clavicle, and the thoracic wall. It includes the muscular f. which envelops the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles and the strong membrane (costocoracoid membrane) formed in the interval between them, and the suspensory ligament of the axilla. The clavipectoral f. (and the muscles it envelopes) constitute the deep anterior wall of the axilla. SYN: f. clavipectoralis [TA] .
f. clavipectoralis [TA] SYN: clavipectoral f..
f. clitoridis [TA] SYN: f. of clitoris.
f. of clitoris [TA] fibrous tissue comparable to the f. of the penis. SYN: f. clitoridis [TA] .
Colles f. SYN: subcutaneous tissue of perineum.
Cooper f. SYN: cremasteric f..
cremasteric f. [TA] intermediate coverings of the spermatic cord, formed of delicate connective tissue and of muscular fibers derived from the internal oblique muscle (cremaster muscle). SEE ALSO: aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle. SYN: f. cremasterica [TA] , Cooper f., Scarpa sheath.
f. cremasterica [TA] SYN: cremasteric f..
cribriform f. [TA] the part of the superficial f. of the thigh that covers the saphenous opening. SYN: f. cribrosa [TA] , Hesselbach f..
f. cribrosa [TA] SYN: cribriform f..
crural f. SYN: deep f. of leg.
f. cruris [TA] SYN: deep f. of leg.
Cruveilhier f. SYN: subcutaneous tissue of perineum.
dartos f. [TA] a layer of smooth muscular tissue in the integument of the scrotum. SEE ALSO: dartos muliebris, dartos muscle. SYN: tunica dartos [TA] , superficial f. of scrotum&star, membrana carnosa, tunica carnea.
deep f. a thin fibrous membrane, devoid of fat, that invests the muscles, separating the several groups and the individual muscles, forms sheaths for the nerves and vessels, becomes specialized around the joints to form or strengthen ligaments, envelops various organs and glands, and binds all the structures together into a firm compact mass. Terminologia Anatomica [TA] has recommended that the terms “superficial f.” and “deep f.” not be used generically in an unqualified way because of variation in their meanings internationally. The recommended terms are “subcutaneous tissue [TA] (tela subcutanea)” for the former superficial f., and “muscular f.” or “visceral f.” (f. musculorum or f. viscera[is]) in place of deep f.. SYN: f. profunda.
deep f. of arm SYN: brachial f..
(deep) cervical f. [TA] f. of the neck; it is divided into an external or investing layer (superficial lamina) that surrounds the neck and encloses the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, a middle or pretracheal layer in relation to the infrahyoid muscles, and a deep or prevertebral layer applied to the vertebrae and axial muscles. SYN: f. cervicalis [TA] , deep f. of neck, f. cervicalis profunda.
deep f. of forearm SYN: antebrachial f..
deep f. of leg [TA] f. of the leg; it is continuous with the f. lata and is attached proximally to the patella, ligamentum patellae, the tubercle and condyles of the tibia, and the head of the fibula; distally it is thickened to form the flexor and extensor retinacula. SYN: f. cruris [TA] , crural f., f. of leg.
deep f. of neck SYN: (deep) cervical f..
deep f. of penis SYN: f. of penis.
deep perineal f. perineal f..
deep f. of thigh the strong deep f. of the thigh, enveloping the muscles of the thigh and thickened laterally as the iliotibial track. SYN: f. lata [TA] , broad f..
f. dentata hippocampi SYN: dentate gyrus.
dentate f. SYN: dentate gyrus.
f. diaphragmatis pelvis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior f. of pelvic diaphragm.
f. diaphragmatis urogenitalis inferior obsolete term for perineal membrane.
dorsal f. of foot [TA] the f. that encloses the extensor tendons of the toes and blends with the inferior extensor retinaculum. SYN: f. dorsalis pedis [TA] .
dorsal f. of hand [TA] the deep f. of the back of the hand continuous proximally with the extensor retinaculum. SYN: f. dorsalis manus [TA] .
f. dorsalis manus [TA] SYN: dorsal f. of hand.
f. dorsalis pedis [TA] SYN: dorsal f. of foot.
Dupuytren f. SYN: palmar aponeurosis.
endoabdominal f. [TA] 1. SYN: extraperitoneal f.. 2. term used generically to include not only the parietal extraperitoneal f. hut also the visceral f. in the abdominopelvic cavity. SYN: f. endoabdominalis [TA] .
f. endoabdominalis [TA] SYN: endoabdominal f..
endopelvic f. parietal pelvic f..
f. endopelvina parietal pelvic f..
endothoracic f. [TA] the extrapleural f. that lines the wall of the thorax; it extends over the cupula of the pleura as the suprapleural membrane and also forms a thin layer between the diaphragm and pleura (phrenicopleura f.) This loose areolar layer provides an extrapleural surgical plane. SYN: f. endothoracica [TA] .
f. endothoracica [TA] SYN: endothoracic f..
external spermatic f. [TA] the outer fascial covering of the spermatic cord; it is continuous at the superficial inguinal ring with the f. covering the external oblique muscle. SEE ALSO: aponeurosis of external oblique muscle. SYN: f. spermatica externa [TA] .
f. of extraocular muscles SYN: muscular f. of extraocular muscle.
extraperitoneal f. [TA] fascial plane of mainly loose areolar tissue between the parietal peritoneum and the internal muscular (iliopsoas and inner lamina of thoracolumbar f.) and transversalis f. of the body wall; its quality and quantity vary considerably, being very thick and fatty posteriorly, as pararenal f. around the kidneys, but thin and fibrous anteriorly, deep to the linea alba of the anterior abdominal wall. SYN: endoabdominal f. (1) [TA] , parietal abdominal f. [TA] , f. abdominalis parietalis&star, f. subperitonealis, subperitoneal f..
f. extraperitonealis [TA]
f. of forearm SYN: antebrachial f..
Gallaudet f. SYN: perineal f..
Gerota f. SYN: renal f..
Godman f. an extension of the pretracheal f. into the thorax and on to the pericardium.
Hesselbach f. SYN: cribriform f..
hypothenar f. thinner, ulnar portion of the palmar f. overlying the hypothenar muscles, forming a roof for the hypothenar compartment of the palm. SEE ALSO: palmar f..
iliac f. [TA] the f. covering the iliacus and psoas muscles, continuous with transversalis f. anterolaterally and with femoral sheath inferiorly. SYN: pars iliaca fasciae iliopsoaticae [TA] , f. iliaca.
f. iliaca SYN: iliac f..
iliopectineal f. a f. formed by the union of the fasciae covering the iliacus and pectinus muscles which cover the floor of the iliopectineal fossa. See iliopectineal arch.
inferior f. of pelvic diaphragm [TA] the f. that covers the inferior aspect of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles. SYN: f. diaphragmatis pelvis inferior [TA] , anal f..
inferior f. of urogenital diaphragm obsolete term for perineal membrane.
f. infraspinata SYN: infraspinous f..
infraspinatus f. SYN: infraspinous f..
infraspinous f. [TA] the f. attached to the borders of the infraspinous fossa and covering the infraspinatus muscle; it is continuous with the f. covering the deltoid. SYN: f. infraspinata, infraspinatus f..
infundibuliform f. SYN: internal spermatic f..
intercolumnar fasciae SYN: intercrural fibers of superficial ring, under fiber.
internal spermatic f. [TA] the inner covering of the spermatic cord, continuous above the deep inguinal ring with f. transversalis. SYN: f. spermatica interna [TA] , infundibuliform f., tunica vaginalis communis.
interosseous f. the f. covering the interosseous muscles of the hand or foot; it consists of a dorsal layer and a palmar or plantar layer.
f. investiens [TA] SYN: investing layer.
f. investiens perinei superficialis perineal f..
investing f. SYN: investing layer of cervical f..
lacrimal f. that part of the periorbita that bridges across the fossa or lacrimal sac.
f. lata [TA] SYN: deep f. of thigh.
f. of leg SYN: deep f. of leg.
lumbodorsal f. SYN: thoracolumbar f..
masseteric f. [TA] the f. that covers the lateral surface of the masseter muscle. SYN: f. masseterica [TA] .
f. masseterica [TA] SYN: masseteric f..
middle cervical f. SYN: pretracheal layer of cervical f..
muscular f. [TA] a relatively thin fibrous membrane, devoid of fat, that invests the muscles, directly on their surfaces, separating the several groups and the individual muscles. Terminologia Anatomica [TA] has recommended that the terms “superficial f.” and “deep f.” not be used generically in an unqualified way because of variation in their meanings internationally. The recommended terms are “subcutaneous tissue [TA] (tela subcutanea)” for the former superficial f., and “muscular f.” or “visceral f.” (f. musculorum or f. viscera[is]) in place of deep f..
muscular f. of extraocular muscle [TA] muscular f.; the part of the orbital f. that envelops the extraocular muscles; it is thin posteriorly but becomes thicker where it is continuous with the bulbar sheath; the fascial sheaths of the four rectus muscles are connected by an intermuscular membrane. SYN: f. muscularis musculorum bulbi [TA] , f. of extraocular muscles, fascial sheaths of extraocular muscles.
f. muscularis musculorum bulbi [TA] SYN: muscular f. of extraocular muscle.
f. musculi quadrati lumborum anterior layer of thoracolumbar f..
f. nuchae [TA] SYN: nuchal f..
nuchal f. [TA] the f. that encloses the posterior muscles of the neck. SYN: f. nuchae [TA] .
obturator f. [TA] the portion of the pelvic f. that covers the obturator internus muscle. SYN: f. obturatoria [TA] , f. of obturator internus.
f. obturatoria [TA] SYN: obturator f..
f. of obturator internus SYN: obturator f..
orbital fasciae the fascial structures of the orbit consisting of periorbita, orbital septum, muscular f., and fascial sheath of eyeball. SYN: fasciae orbitales.
fasciae orbitales SYN: orbital fasciae.
palmar f. the deep f. of the palm of the hand, the thinner lateral and medial portions of which are the thenar and hypothenar f., and the thick central portion, which roofs the central compartment of the palm, is the palmar aponeurosis. SEE ALSO: palmar aponeurosis.
parietal abdominal f. [TA] SYN: extraperitoneal f..
parietal pelvic f. [TA] including the obturator f., covers the muscles that pass from the interior of the pelvis to the thigh. SYN: f. pelvis parietalis [TA] , endopelvic f.&star, f. endopelvina&star.
parotid f. [TA] the part of the investing cervical f. that ensheaths the parotid gland and is fixed above to the zygomatic arch. SYN: f. parotidea [TA] , fibrous capsule of parotid gland, parotid sheath.
f. parotidea [TA] SYN: parotid f..
parotideomasseteric f. a dense membrane covering both the lateral and medial surfaces of the parotid gland, continuous anteriorly with the f. covering the masseter muscle. See parotid f., masseteric f.. SYN: f. parotideomasseterica.
f. parotideomasseterica SYN: parotideomasseteric f..
pectoral f. [TA] the f. that covers the pectoralis major muscle; it is attached to the sternum and to the clavicle; laterally and below it is continuous with the f. of the shoulder, axilla, and thorax. SYN: f. pectoralis [TA] .
f. pectoralis [TA] SYN: pectoral f..
pelvic f. [TA] it includes parietal and visceral components: f. pelvis parietalis and f. pelvis visceralis. SYN: f. pelvis [TA] , f. pelvica&star.
f. pelvica pelvic f..
f. pelvis [TA] SYN: pelvic f..
f. pelvis parietalis [TA] SYN: parietal pelvic f..
f. pelvis visceralis [TA] SYN: visceral pelvic f..
f. penis [TA] SYN: f. of penis.
f. of penis [TA] a deep layer which surrounds the three erectile bodies of the penis. SYN: f. penis [TA] , Buck f., deep f. of penis, f. penis profunda.
f. penis profunda SYN: f. of penis.
f. penis superficialis SYN: subcutaneous tissue of penis.
perineal f. [TA] f. that intimately invests the superficial perineal muscles (ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perineal muscles); anteriorly it is fused to the suspensory ligament of the penis/clitoris, and is continuous with the deep f. covering the external oblique muscle of the abdomen and the rectus sheath. SYN: f. perinei [TA] , deep perineal f.&star, f. investiens perinei superficialis&star, superficial investing f. of perineum&star, Gallaudet f..
f. perinei [TA] SYN: perineal f..
f. perinei superficialis SYN: subcutaneous tissue of perineum.
perirenal f. SYN: renal f..
pharyngobasilar f. [TA] the fibrous coat of the pharyngeal wall situated between the mucous and muscular coats; it is attached above to the basilar part of the occipital bone, and the petrous part of the temporal bone. This layer and the mucosa which lines it forms the wall of the non-muscular pharynx (pharyngeal vault) above the superior pharyngesl constrictor muscle. SYN: f. pharyngobasilaris [TA] , aponeurosis pharyngea, tela submucosa pharyngis.
f. pharyngobasilaris [TA] SYN: pharyngobasilar f..
phrenicopleural f. [TA] the thin layer of endothoracic f. intervening between the diaphragmatic pleura and the diaphragm. SYN: f. phrenicopleuralis [TA] .
f. phrenicopleuralis [TA] SYN: phrenicopleural f..
plantar f. deep f. of the sole of the foot; includes thick central part, the plantar aponeurosis, covering the central compartment of the sole of the foot, and thinner medial and lateral parts covering the hallucis and digit minimi muscles (compartments), respectively.
popliteal f. the f. that covers the popliteal fossa, continuous with f. lata superiorly and crural f. inferiorly.
Porter f. SYN: pretracheal layer of cervical f..
prececocolic f. [TA] inconstant portion of endoabdominal f. crossing anterior to the cecum, sometimes extending superiorly onto a portion of the ascending colon. SYN: f. prececocolica [TA] .
f. prececocolica [TA] SYN: prececocolic f..
presacral f. [TA] layer of endopelvic f. passing between sacrum and rectum, forming the anterior boundary of the presacral (retrorectal) fascial space, in which the hypogastric nervous plexus is embedded. SYN: f. presacralis [TA] , lamina retrorectalis fasciae endopelvicae, retrorectal lamina of endopelvic f., retrorectal lamina of hypogastric sheath.
f. presacralis [TA] SYN: presacral f..
pretracheal f. SYN: pretracheal layer of cervical f..
prevertebral f. SYN: prevertebral layer of cervical f..
f. profunda SYN: deep f..
f. prostatae [TA] SYN: f. of prostate.
f. of prostate the condensation of pelvic visceral f. that encloses the prostate gland. SYN: f. prostatae [TA] .
rectosacral f. [TA] fusion of the visceral f. of the rectum and the presacral endopelvic f. on the posterior aspect of the rectum. SYN: f. rectosacralis [TA] , mesoprocton.
f. rectosacralis [TA] SYN: rectosacral f..
rectovesical f. SYN: rectovesical septum.
renal f. [TA] the condensation of the fibroareolar tissue and fat surrounding the kidney to form a sheath for the organ. SYN: f. renalis [TA] , Gerota capsule, Gerota f., perirenal f..
f. renalis [TA] SYN: renal f..
Scarpa f. SYN: membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue of abdomen.
semilunar f. SYN: bicipital aponeurosis.
Sibson f. SYN: suprapleural membrane.
f. spermatica externa [TA] SYN: external spermatic f..
f. spermatica interna [TA] SYN: internal spermatic f..
subperitoneal f. SYN: extraperitoneal f..
f. subperitonealis SYN: extraperitoneal f..
subsartorial f. SYN: anteromedial intermuscular septum.
superficial f. SYN: subcutaneous tissue.
superficial investing f. of perineum perineal f..
f. superficialis SYN: subcutaneous tissue.
superficial f. of penis SYN: subcutaneous tissue of penis.
superficial f. of perineum SYN: subcutaneous tissue of perineum.
superficial f. of scrotum dartos f..
f. superior diaphragmatis pelvis [TA] SYN: superior f. of pelvic diaphragm.
superior f. of pelvic diaphragm [TA] the f. on the superior aspect of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles. SYN: f. superior diaphragmatis pelvis [TA] .
temporal f. [TA] the f. covering the temporal muscle; it is composed of two layers, lamina superficialis and lamina profunda; both attach above to the superior temporal line but diverge inferiorly to attach to the lateral and medial surfaces of the zygomatic arch. SYN: f. temporalis [TA] , temporal aponeurosis.
f. temporalis [TA] SYN: temporal f..
f. thoracolumbalis [TA] SYN: thoracolumbar f..
thoracolumbar f. [TA] gives origin to internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles; exhibits three layers: posterior, middle, and anterior—the posterior and middle layers surround erector spinae muscles and the middle and anterior layers surround quadratus lumborum muscle. SYN: f. thoracolumbalis [TA] , lumbodorsal f., thoracolumbar aponeurosis.
Toldt f. continuation of Treitz f. behind the body of the pancreas.
f. transversalis [TA] SYN: transversalis f..
transversalis f. [TA] the lining f. of the anterolateral abdominal wall, between the inner surface of the abdominal musculature and the peritoneum. SYN: f. transversalis [TA] .
Treitz f. f. behind the head of the pancreas.
triangular f. SYN: reflected inguinal ligament.
f. triangularis abdominis SYN: reflected inguinal ligament.
Tyrrell f. SYN: rectovesical septum.
umbilical f. [TA] the thin fascial layer interposed between the transversalis f. and the umbilicovesical f. It extends between the medial umbilical ligaments from the umbilicus downward in front of the bladder, forming the posterior boundary of the retropubic space. SYN: umbilical prevesical f..
f. umbilicalis [TA]
umbilical prevesical f. SYN: umbilical f..
umbilicovesical f. a thin fascial layer that extends between the medial umbilical ligaments and is continuous with f. enclosing the bladder.
vastoadductor f. SYN: anteromedial intermuscular septum.
visceral f. [TA] a thin, fibrous membrane that envelops various organs and glands, binding structures together in some cases and forming partitions between them in other cases. Terminologia Anatomica [TA] has recommended that the terms “superficial f.” and “deep f.” not be used generically in an unqualified way because of variation in their meanings internationally. The recommended terms are “subcutaneous tissue [TA] (tela subcutanea)” for the former superficial f., and “muscular f.” or “visceral f.” (f. musculorum or f. viscera[is]) in place of deep f..
visceral pelvic f. [TA] covers the pelvic organs and surrounds vessels and nerves in the subperitoneal space. SYN: f. pelvis visceralis [TA] .
Zuckerkandl f. the posterior layer of the renal f..

fascial
fascial (fash′e-al)

Relating to any fascia.

fascicle
fascicle (fas′i-kl)

A band or bundle of fibers, usually of muscle or nerve fibers; a nerve fiber tract. SYN: fasciculus (1) [TA] .
anterior f. of palatopharyngeus (muscle) [TA] thicker portion of the muscle of the palatopharyngeal arch that passes forward between the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles to attach to the posterior border of the hard palate and the palatine aponeurosis; in so doing, some fibers cross the midline and interdigitate with fibers of the contralateral muscle. SYN: fasciculus anterior musculi palatopharyngei [TA] .
muscle f. a bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium.
nerve f. a bundle of nerve fibers surrounded by perineurium.
posterior f. of palatopharyngeus muscle [TA] thinner portion of the muscle of the palatopharyngeal arch, originating in the region of the midline where its fibers interdigitate with the contralateral partner, then passing posterior to the levator veli palatini muscle to join the longitudinal layer of pharyngeal musculature; acts as a sort of sphincter, reducing the caliber of the isthmus of fauces at the palatopharyngeal arch. SYN: fasciculus posterior musculi palatopharyngei [TA] , musculus sphincter palatopharyngeus&star, palatopharyngeal sphincter&star, pharyngeal ridge, sphincter of the pharyngeal isthmus, velopharyngeal sphincter.

fascicular
fascicular (fa-sik′u-lar)

Relating to a fasciculus; arranged in the form of a bundle or collection of rods. SYN: fasciculate, fasciculated.

fasciculate
fasciculate, fasciculated (fa-sik′u-lat, -la-ted)

SYN: fascicular.

fasciculation
fasciculation (fa-sik-u-la′shun)

1. An arrangement in the form of fasciculi. 2. Involuntary contractions, or twitchings, of groups (fasciculi) of muscle fibers, a coarser form of muscular contraction than fibrillation.

fasciculi
fasciculi (fa-sik′u-li)

Plural of fasciculus.

fasciculus
fasciculus, gen. and pl. fasciculi (fa-sik′u-lus, fa-sik′u-li) [TA]

1. SYN: fascicle. 2. SYN: cord. 3. SYN: bundle. [L. dim. of fascis, bundle]
f. anterior musculi palatopharyngei [TA] SYN: anterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus (muscle).
anterior f. proprius [TA] SYN: fasciculi proprii.
anterior pyramidal f. SYN: anterior corticospinal tract.
arcuate f. 1. SYN: superior longitudinal f.. 2. SYN: unciform f..
f. atrioventricularis [TA] SYN: atrioventricular bundle.
Burdach f. SYN: cuneate f..
calcarine f. a group of short association fibers beneath the calcarine fissure of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.
central tegmental f. SYN: central tegmental tract.
f. circumolivaris pyramidis an anomalous bundle of nerve fibers on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata that emerges from the pyramid and curves forward and dorsally over the lower pole of the olive; it is variously interpreted as an aberrant bundle of pontocerebellar fibers or corticopontine fibers.
f. corticospinalis anterior SYN: anterior corticospinal tract.
f. corticospinalis lateralis SYN: lateral corticospinal tract.
cuneate f. [TA] the larger lateral subdivision of the posterior funiculus. SYN: f. cuneatus [TA] , Burdach column, Burdach f., Burdach tract, cuneate funiculus, wedge-shaped f..
f. cuneatus [TA] SYN: cuneate f..
dorsal longitudinal f. [TA] a bundle of thin, poorly myelinated nerve fibers reciprocally connecting the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus with ventral parts of the central gray substance of the midbrain. SYN: f. longitudinalis posterior [TA] , Schütz bundle, tract of Schütz.
dorsolateral f. [TA] a longitudinal bundle of thin, unmyelinated, and poorly myelinated fibers capping the apex of the posterior horn of the spinal gray matter, composed of posterior root fibers and short association fibers that interconnect neighboring segments of the posterior horn. SYN: posterolateral tract [TA] , tractus dorsolateralis [TA] , tractus posterolateralis [TA] , dorsolateral tract&star, f. dorsolateralis, f. marginalis, Lissauer bundle, Lissauer column, Lissauer f., Lissauer marginal zone, Lissauer tract, marginal f., Spitzka marginal tract, Spitzka marginal zone, Waldeyer tract, Waldeyer zonal layer.
f. dorsolateralis SYN: dorsolateral f..
Flechsig fasciculi f. proprius anterior [TA] and f. proprius lateralis [TA]. See fasciculi proprii.
Foville f. SYN: terminal stria.
fronto-occipital f. SYN: occipitofrontal f..
gracile f. [TA] the smaller medial subdivision of the posterior funiculus. SYN: f. gracilis [TA] , funiculus gracilis, Goll column, posterior pyramid of the medulla, slender f., tract of Goll.
f. gracilis [TA] SYN: gracile f..
hooked f. SYN: unciform f..
inferior longitudinal f. [TA] a well-marked bundle of long association fibers running the whole length of the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, in part parallel with the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. SYN: f. longitudinalis inferior [TA] .
inferior occipitofrontal f. [TA] See occipitofrontal f..
interfascicular f. [TA] SYN: semilunar f..
f. interfascicularis [TA] SYN: semilunar f..
intersegmental fasciculi SYN: fasciculi proprii.
f. lateralis plexus brachialis [TA] SYN: lateral cord of brachial plexus.
lateral f. proprius [TA] SYN: fasciculi proprii.
lateral pyramidal f. SYN: lateral corticospinal tract.
lenticular f. [TA] the pallidal efferent fibers that cross the internal capsule and are insinuated between the subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta; they join in the formation of the thalamic f.. SEE ALSO: lenticular loop. SYN: f. lenticularis [TA] .
f. lenticularis [TA] SYN: lenticular f..
Lissauer f. SYN: dorsolateral f..
fasciculi longitudinales ligamenti cruciformis atlantis [TA] SYN: longitudinal bands of cruciform ligament of atlas, under band.
fasciculi longitudinales pontis SYN: longitudinal pontine fasciculi.
f. longitudinalis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior longitudinal f..
f. longitudinalis medialis [TA] SYN: medial longitudinal f..
f. longitudinalis posterior [TA] SYN: dorsal longitudinal f..
f. longitudinalis superior [TA] SYN: superior longitudinal f..
longitudinal pontine fasciculi the massive bundles of corticofugal fibers passing longitudinally through the ventral part of pons; they are composed of corticoreticular, tectopontine, corticopontine, corticonuclear (corticobulbar), and corticospinal fibers. SYN: fasciculi longitudinales pontis, longitudinal pontine bundles.
macular f. the collection of fibers in the optic nerve directly connected with the macula lutea. SYN: f. macularis.
f. macularis SYN: macular f..
mammillotegmental f. [TA] a small bundle of fibers that passes dorsalward from the mamillary body for a short distance with the mamillothalamic tract, then turns down the brainstem to reach the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei of the mesencephalon. SYN: f. mammillotegmentalis [TA] .
f. mammillotegmentalis [TA] SYN: mammillotegmental f..
mammillothalamic f. [TA] a compact, thick bundle of nerve fibers that passes dorsalward from the mamillary body on either side to terminate in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. SYN: f. mammillothalamicus, f. thalamomammillaris, mamillothalamic tract, Vicq d'Azyr bundle.
f. mammillothalamicus SYN: mammillothalamic f..
marginal f. SYN: dorsolateral f..
f. marginalis SYN: dorsolateral f..
f. medialis plexus brachialis [TA] SYN: medial cord of brachial plexus.
f. medialis telencephali [TA] SYN: medial forebrain bundle.
medial longitudinal f. [TA] a longitudinal bundle of fibers extending from the upper border of the mesencephalon into the cervical segments of the spinal cord, located close to the midline and ventral to the central gray matter; it is composed largely of fibers from the vestibular nuclei ascending to the motor neurons innervating the external eye muscles (abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nuclei), and descending to spinal cord segments innervating the musculature of the neck. SYN: f. longitudinalis medialis [TA] , Collier tract, medial longitudinal bundle, posterior longitudinal bundle.
f. of Meynert SYN: retroflex f..
oblique pontine f. a bundle of fibers in the ventral surface of the pons running from the anterior mesial portion outward and backward. SYN: f. obliquus pontis, oblique bundle of pons.
f. obliquus pontis SYN: oblique pontine f..
occipitofrontal f. association fibers consisting of upper (superior occipitofrontal f. [TA]) and lower (inferior occipitofrontal f. [TA]) bundles that extend from occipital to frontal lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. SYN: fronto-occipital f..
f. occipitofrontalis See occipitofrontal f..
f. occipitofrontalis inferior [TA] See occipitofrontal f..
f. occipitofrontalis superior [TA] See occipitofrontal f..
oval f. semilunar f..
f. pedunculomammillaris SYN: peduncle of mammillary body.
pedunculomammillary f. SYN: peduncle of mammillary body.
perpendicular f. a bundle of association fibers running vertically and interconnecting regions of the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes.
f. posterior musculi palatopharyngei [TA] SYN: posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus muscle.
f. posterior plexus brachialis [TA] SYN: posterior cord of brachial plexus.
posterior f. proprius [TA] SYN: fasciculi proprii.
proper fasciculi SYN: fasciculi proprii.
fasciculi proprii (f. proprius anterior [TA], f. proprius lateralis [TA], f. proprius posterior [TA]); ascending and descending spinospinal association fiber systems of the spinal cord that lie in the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi at the gray matter-white matter interface. SYN: anterior f. proprius [TA] , lateral f. proprius [TA] , posterior f. proprius [TA] , ground bundles, intersegmental fasciculi, lateral proprius bundle, proper fasciculi.
f. proprius anterior [TA] the ground bundle of the anterior column of the spinal cord. See fasciculi proprii. SYN: anterior ground bundle.
f. proprius lateralis [TA] See fasciculi proprii.
f. pyramidalis anterior SYN: anterior corticospinal tract.
f. pyramidalis lateralis SYN: lateral corticospinal tract.
retroflex f. [TA] a compact bundle of fibers arising in the habenula and passing ventralward to the interpeduncular nucleus at the base of the midbrain; part of its fibers bypass this nucleus and terminate in the raphe nuclei of the caudal mesencephalic tegmentum. SYN: f. retroflexus [TA] , habenulointerpeduncular tract, habenulopeduncular tract [TA] , tractus habenulointerpeduncularis [TA] , f. of Meynert, habenulopeduncular tract, retroflex bundle of Meynert.
f. retroflexus [TA] SYN: retroflex f..
f. rotundus SYN: solitary tract.
round f. SYN: solitary tract.
rubroreticular fasciculi bundles of fibers that connect the red nucleus to the pontine and midbrain reticular nuclei. SYN: fasciculi rubroreticulares.
fasciculi rubroreticulares SYN: rubroreticular fasciculi.
semilunar f. [TA] a compact bundle composed of descending branches of posterior root fibers located near the border between the fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord; it corresponds to the septomarginal f., Hoche tract, or oval area of Flechsig in the lumbar, and to the triangle of Philippe-Gombault in the sacral spinal segments; like these, it can be demonstrated only in cases of demyelination resulting from dorsal root lesions. SYN: f. interfascicularis [TA] , interfascicular f. [TA] , f. semilunaris&star, comma bundle of Schultze, comma tract of Schultze.
f. semilunaris semilunar f.. See semilunar f..
septomarginal f. [TA] septomarginal f. or tract. See semilunar f.. SYN: f. septomarginalis [TA] .
f. septomarginalis [TA] SYN: septomarginal f..
slender f. SYN: gracile f..
f. solitarius SYN: solitary tract.
solitary f. SYN: solitary tract.
subcallosal f. a bundle of thin nerve fibers running longitudinally beneath the corpus callosum in the angle between the latter and the caudate nucleus; it forms an anterior continuation of the tapetum of the temporal lobe and appears to consist largely of fibers projecting from the cerebral cortex to the caudate nucleus. SYN: f. subcallosus for superior occipitofrontal f.&star.
f. subcallosus for superior occipitofrontal f. subcallosal f..
subthalamic f. [TA] nerve fibers crossing the internal capsule between the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus; this f. contains pallidosubthalamic and subthalamopallidal fibers. SYN: f. subthalamicus [TA] .
f. subthalamicus [TA] SYN: subthalamic f..
superior longitudinal f. [TA] long association fiber bundle lateral to the centrum ovale of the cerebral hemisphere, connecting the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes; the fibers pass from the frontal lobe through the operculum to the posterior end of the lateral sulcus where many fibers radiate into the occipital lobe and others turn downward and forward around the putamen and pass to anterior portions of the temporal lobe. SYN: f. longitudinalis superior [TA] , arcuate f. (1) .
superior occipitofrontal f. [TA] See occipitofrontal f..
thalamic f. [TA] nerve fibers forming a composite bundle containing cerebellothalamic (crossed) and pallidothalamic (uncrossed) fibers that is insinuated between the thalamus and zona incerta. SEE ALSO: fields of Forel, under field. SYN: f. thalamicus [TA] .
f. thalamicus [TA] SYN: thalamic f..
f. thalamomammillaris SYN: mammillothalamic f..
transverse fasciculi [TA] SYN: fasciculi transversi.
fasciculi transversi [TA] the transversely directed fibers in the distal portions of the palmar and plantar aponeuroses. SYN: transverse fasciculi [TA] .
unciform f., uncinate f. [TA] a band of long association fibers reciprocally connecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, running caudally through the white matter of the frontal lobe, sharply curving ventrally under the stem of the sylvian fissure, and then fanning out to the cortex of the anterior half of the superior and middle temporal gyri. SYN: f. uncinatus [TA] , arcuate f. (2) , frontotemporal tract, hooked f., temporofrontal tract.
uncinate f. of cerebellum [TA] fastigial efferent fibers that cross within the cerebellum and descend over the lateral surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle; these fibers largely terminate in the vestibular nuclei and the reticular formation of the pons and medulla. SYN: f. uncinatus cerebelli [TA] , hooked bundle of Russell, uncinate bundle of Russell, uncinate f. of Russell.
uncinate f. of Russell SYN: uncinate f. of cerebellum.
f. uncinatus [TA] SYN: unciform f..
f. uncinatus cerebelli [TA] SYN: uncinate f. of cerebellum.
wedge-shaped f. SYN: cuneate f..

fasciectomy
fasciectomy (fash-e-ek′to-me)

Excision of strips of fascia. [fascia + G. ektome, excision]

fasciitis
fasciitis (fas-e-i′tis, fash-)

1. Inflammation in fascia. 2. Reactive proliferation of fibroblasts in fascia. SYN: fascitis.
eosinophilic f. induration and edema of the connective tissues of the extremities, usually appearing following exertion; associated with elevated sedimentation rate, elevated IgG, and eosinophilia. SYN: Shulman syndrome.
group A streptococcal necrotizing f. a severe and often fulminant toxic complication of infection with group A β-hemolytic streptococci in which superficial fascia and underlying muscle tissue are rapidly destroyed.During the past decade there has been a rise in the incidence of acute systemic disease due to toxin-producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes. Like staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS), toxin-mediated streptococcal syndromes are marked by rapid progression, shock, and multisystem toxicity that is out of proportion to local evidence of infection. The incidence of necrotizing f. due to streptococci increased markedly in 1994 in both the United States and Europe. This disease is believed to be the same as the “malignant scarlet fever” of a century ago. In necrotizing f., streptococci in a skin wound, usually on an extremity, invade and destroy underlying muscles and other soft tissues. The skin of the affected extremity shows erythema, bulla formation, and often anesthesia due to destruction of sensory nerves. Rapid spread of infection along fascial planes and widespread liquefactive necrosis are accompanied by high fever, intense local pain, shock, and other evidence of systemic toxicity. The goals of therapy in streptococcal necrotizing f. are to inhibit and destroy pathogens, reverse shock and systemic toxicity, and conserve structure and function. Treatment includes intravenous hydration and aggressive supportive measures as well as administration of penicillin, clindamycin, or other antibiotics as appropriate. (Antibiotic resistance has not been a problem with streptococcal TSS.) In necrotizing f., debridement or amputation may be life-saving. Throat cultures of contacts are recommended, to identify possible sources of further infection with virulent toxigenic streptococci.
necrotizing f. a rare soft-tissue infection primarily involving the superficial fascia and resulting in extensive undermining of surrounding tissues; progress is often fulminant and may involve all soft-tissue components, including the skin; usually occurs postoperatively, after minor trauma, or after inadequate care of abscesses or cutaneous ulcers. SEE ALSO: group A streptococcal necrotizing f..
nodular f. a rapidly growing tumorlike proliferation of fibroblasts, not thought to be neoplastic, with mild inflammatory exudation occurring in fascia; the fibrosis may infiltrate surrounding tissue but does not progress indefinitely or metastasize. SYN: pseudosarcomatous f..
parosteal f. a rare form of nodular f. arising from the periosteum, and which may be associated with reactive cortical bone formation.
plantar f. inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain.
proliferative f. a benign rapidly-growing subcutaneous nodule characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts and basophilic giant cells slightly resembling ganglion cells.
pseudosarcomatous f. SYN: nodular f..

fascio- fascio-

A fascia. [L. fascia, a band or fillet]

fasciodesis
fasciodesis (fas-e-od′e-sis, fas-)

Surgical attachment of a fascia to another fascia or a tendon. [fascio- + G. desis, a binding together]

Fasciola
Fasciola (fa-se′o-la, fa-si′o-la)

A genus of large, leaf-shaped, digenetic liver flukes (family Fasciolidae, class Trematoda) of mammals. [L. dim. of fascia, a band]
F. gigantica a species, resembling F. hepatica but of larger size, found in herbivores, especially in Africa, where it also infects humans.
F. hepatica the common liver fluke inhabiting the bile ducts of sheep and cattle; the intermediate hosts are aquatic snails, Lymnaea or related genera; after the cercariae escape, they become encysted on water plants by which they gain access to the intestinal canal; rarely, this fluke is reported from humans, in whom it may cause considerable biliary damage.

fasciola
fasciola, pl .fasciolae (fa-se′o-la, fa-si′o-la; -o-le)

A small band or group of fibers. [L. dim. of fascia, band, fillet]
f. cinerea SYN: fasciolar gyrus.

fasciolar
fasciolar (fa-se′o-lar, fa-si′)

Relating to the gyrus fasciolaris.

fascioliasis
fascioliasis (fas′e-o-li′a-sis, fa-si′o-li′a-sis)

Infection with a species of Fasciola.

fasciolid
fasciolid (fa-se′o-lid, fa-si′)

A member of the family Fasciolidae.

fasciolopsiasis
fasciolopsiasis (fas′e-o-lop-si′a-sis, fa-si′o-)

Parasitization by any of the flukes of the genus Fasciolopsis.

Fasciolopsis
Fasciolopsis (fas′e-o-lop′sis, fa-si′o-)

A genus of very large intestinal fasciolid flukes. [Fasciola + G. opsis, form, appearance]
F. buski the large intestinal fluke, a species found in the intestine of humans in eastern and southern Asia; transmitted via ingestion of water chestnuts or other vegetation contaminated with infective metacercariae.
F. rathouisi a species reported from China in a few cases in the intestine or liver; possibly the same as F. buski.

fasciorrhaphy
fasciorrhaphy (fash-e-or′a-fe)

Suture of a fascia or aponeurosis. SYN: aponeurorrhaphy. [fascio- + G. rhaphe, suture]

fasciotomy
fasciotomy (fash-e-ot′o-me)

Incision through a fascia; used in the treatment of certain disorders and injuries when marked swelling is present or anticipated which could compromise blood flow; f. may be combined with embolectomy in the treatment of acute arterial embolism. [fascio- + G. tome, incision]

fascitis
fascitis (fa-si′tis)

SYN: fasciitis.

fast
fast

1. Durable; resistant to change; applied to stained microorganisms which cannot be decolorized. SEE ALSO: acid-f.. 2. Not eating. [A.S. foest, firm, fixed]

fast green FCF
fast green FCF [C.I. 42053]

An acid arylmethane dye widely used in histology and cytology and less subject to fading than light green FCF which it has replaced in many procedures; used as a quantitative cytochemical stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA, and also in electrophoresis as a protein stain.

fastidious
fastidious (fas-tid′e-us)

In bacteriology, having complex nutritional requirements.

fastigatum
fastigatum (fas-ti-ga′tum)

SYN: fastigial nucleus. [L. fastigatus, pointed]

fastigium
fastigium (fas-tij′e-um)

1. [TA] Apex of the roof of the fourth ventricle of the brain, an angle formed by the anterior and posterior medullary vela extending into the substance of the vermis. 2. The acme or period of full development of a disease. [L. top, as of a gable; a pointed extremity]

fastness
fastness (fast′nes)

The state of tolerance exhibited by bacteria to a drug or other agent. See fast.

fat
fat

1. SYN: adipose tissue. 2. Common term for obese. 3. A greasy, soft-solid material, found in animal tissues and many plants, composed of a mixture of glycerol esters; together with oils they make up the homolipids. 4. A triacylglycerol or a mixture of triacylglycerols. [A.S. faet]
brown f. thermogenic tissue that is composed of cells containing numerous small f. droplets; lobular masses are found in the interscapular and mediastinal regions and other locations; although found most frequently in certain hibernating animals, it is also found in pigs, rodents, and the newborn of humans. SYN: brown adipose tissue, hibernating gland, interscapular gland, interscapular hibernoma, multilocular adipose tissue, multilocular f..
multilocular f. SYN: brown f..
neutral f. a triester of fatty acids and glycerol ( i.e., triacylglycerol).
paranephric f. [TA] the perirenal f.. SYN: adipose capsule, capsula adiposa renis, fatty renal capsule, perirenal f. capsule.
retrobulbar f. [TA] the mass of f. contained in the orbit that contributes to the support of the eyeball. SYN: corpus adiposum orbitae [TA] , orbital f. body&star, f. body of orbit, orbital f.-pad.
saturated f. saturated fatty acid.
split f. free fatty acids, as reduced by the action of lipases, neutral fats, or phospholipids.
unilocular f. adipose tissue in which the f. is present in a single droplet within the f. cells. SYN: white f. (2) .
unsaturated f. unsaturated fatty acid.
white f. 1. SYN: adipose tissue. 2. SYN: unilocular f..

fatal
fatal (fa′tal)

Pertaining to or causing death; denoting especially inevitability or inescapability of death. [L. fatalis, of or belonging to fate]

fatality
fatality (fa-tal′i-te)

1. A condition, disease, or disaster ending in death. 2. An individual instance of death.

fate
fate

The ultimate outcome.
prospective f. the normal development by any part of the egg or embryo without interference.

fatigability
fatigability (fat′i-ga-bil′i-te)

A condition in which fatigue is easily induced.

fatigable
fatigable (fat′i-ga-bl)

Tiring on very slight exertion. [L. fatigabilis, easily tired, fr. fatigo, to tire]

fatigue
fatigue (fa-teg′)

1. That state, following a period of mental or bodily activity, characterized by a lessened capacity for work and reduced efficiency of accomplishment, usually accompanied by a feeling of weariness, sleepiness, or irritability; may also supervene when, from any cause, energy expenditure outstrips restorative processes and may be confined to a single organ. 2. Sensation of boredom and lassitude due to absence of stimulation, monotony, or lack of interest in one's surroundings. [Fr., fr. L. fatigo, to tire]
auditory f. temporary shift of threshold sensitivity following exposure to sound.
battle f. a term used to denote psychiatric illness consequent to the stresses of battle. SYN: shell shock.
functional vocal f. SYN: phonasthenia.

fat-pad
fat-pad [TA]

An accumulation of somewhat encapsulated adipose tissue. SYN: corpus adiposum [TA] , fat body&star.
Bichat fat-pad SYN: buccal fat-pad.
buccal fat-pad an encapsuled mass of fat in the cheek on the outer side of the buccinator muscle, especially marked in the infant; supposed to strengthen and support the cheek during the act of sucking. SYN: corpus adiposum buccae [TA] , Bichat fat-pad, Bichat protuberance, fat body of cheek, sucking cushion, sucking pad, suctorial pad.
Imlach fat-pad fat surrounding the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.
infrapatellar fat-pad [TA] the fatty mass that occupies the area between the patellar ligament and the infrapatellar synovial fold of the knee joint. SYN: corpus adiposum infrapatellare [TA] , infrapatellar fat body.
ischiorectal fat-pad SYN: fat body of ischioanal fossa.
orbital fat-pad SYN: retrobulbar fat.

fatty
fatty (fat′e)

Oily or greasy; relating in any sense to fat.

fatty acid
fatty acid

Any acid derived from fats by hydrolysis ( e.g., oleic, palmitic, or stearic acids); any long-chain monobasic organic acid; they accumulate in disorders associated with the peroxisomes.
activated f. a fatty acyl-coenzyme A thiol ester.
diethenoid f. a f. containing two double bonds, e.g., linoleic acid.
essential f. a f. that is nutritionally essential; E.G., linoleic acid, linolenic acid.
ω-3 fatty acids a class of fatty acids that have a double bond three carbons from the methyl moiety; reportedly, they play a role in lowering cholesterol and LDL levels. SYN: omega-3 fatty acids.
omega-3 fatty acids SYN: ω-3 fatty acids.
saturated f. a f., the carbon chain of which contains no ethylenic or other unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms ( e.g., stearic acid and palmitic acid); called saturated because it is incapable of absorbing any more hydrogen.
f. synthase complex the multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of palmitate from acetyl-coenzyme A, malonyl-coenzyme A, and NADPH.
f. thiokinase 1. long-chain: long-chain f.–CoA ligase; 2. medium-chain: butyrate-CoA ligase.
unesterified free f. (FFA, UFA) free fatty acids which occur in plasma as a result of lipolysis in adipose tissue or when plasma triacylglycerols are taken into tissues.
unsaturated f. a f., the carbon chain of which possesses one or more double or triple bonds ( e.g., oleic acid, with one double bond in the molecule, and linoleic acid, with two); called unsaturated because it is capable of absorbing additional hydrogen.

fauces
fauces, gen. faucium (faw′sez, faw′se-um) [TA]

The space between the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx, bounded by the soft palate and the base of the tongue. SEE ALSO: isthmus of f.. SYN: oropharyngeal passage. [L. the throat]

faucial
faucial (faw′shal)

Relating to the fauces.

fauna
fauna (faw′na)

The animal forms of a continent, district, locality, or habitat. [Mod. L. application of F., sister of Faunus, a rural deity]

faveolate
faveolate (fa-ve′o-lat)

Pitted.

faveolus
faveolus, pl .faveoli (fa-ve′o-lus, -o-li)

A small pit or depression. [Mod. L. dim. of favus, honeycomb]

favic chandeliers
favic chandeliers (fa′vik shan-de-lerz′)

Specialized fungal hyphae that are curved, branched, and antlerlike in appearance, formed by the pathogens Trichophyton schoenleinii and T. concentricum.

favid
favid (fa′vid)

An allergic reaction in the skin observed in patients who have favus.

favism
favism (fa′vizm)

An acute condition seen chiefly in Italy, following the ingestion of certain species of beans, e.g., Vicia faba, or inhalation of the pollen of its flower; characterized by fever, headache, abdominal pain, severe anemia, prostration, and coma; it occurs in certain individuals with genetic erythrocytic deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Chance exposure to the Vicia faba, by its impact on the phenotype of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, impinges on the expression or the gene, an example of incomplete penetrance. SYN: fabism. [Ital. favismo, from fava, bean]

Favre
Favre

Maurice J., French physician, 1876–1954. See Gamna-F. bodies, under body, Nicolas-F. disease.

Favre
Favre

Maurice Jules, French physician, 1876–1954. See Goldmann-F. syndrome. SEE ALSO: Goldmann-F. syndrome.

Favre dystrophy
Favre dystrophy

See under dystrophy.

favus
favus (fa′vus, fah′vus)

A severe, unremitting type of chronic ringworm of the scalp and nails, with scarring and formation of crusts called scutula, caused by three dissimilar dermatophytes, Trichophyton schoenleinii (most commonly), T. violaceum, and Microsporum gypseum; it occurs more frequently in the Mediterranean countries, southeastern Europe, southern Asia, and northern Africa. SYN: crusted ringworm, honeycomb ringworm, tinea favosa. [L. honeycomb]

Fc
Fc

See F. fragment.

F.C.A.P.
F.C.A.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the College of American Pathologists.

F.C.C.P.
F.C.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the College of Chest Physicians.

Fd
Fd

Abbreviation for ferredoxin.

FDA
FDA

Abbreviation for Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

FDNB
FDNB

Abbreviation for fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

FDP
FDP

Abbreviation for fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, under product.

Fe
Fe

Symbol for iron. [L. ferrum, iron]

52Fe
⁵²Fe

Symbol for iron-52.

55Fe
⁵⁵Fe

Symbol for iron-55.

59Fe
⁵⁹Fe

Symbol for iron-59.

fear
fear (fer)

Apprehension; dread; alarm; by having an identifiable stimulus, f. is differentiated from anxiety which has no easily identifiable stimulus. [A.S. faer]

features
features (fe′choorz)

The various parts of the face, forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin, cheeks, and ears, that give to it its individuality and character. [through O. Fr., fr. L. factura, a making, fr. facio, to do]

febricant
febricant (feb′ri-kant)

SYN: febrifacient.

febricula
febricula (fe-brik′u-la)

A simple continued fever; a mild fever of short duration, of indefinite origin, and without any distinctive pathology. [L. dim. of febris, fever]

febrifacient
febrifacient (feb-ri-fa′shent)

1. Causing or favoring the development of fever. SYN: febriferous, febrific. 2. Anything that produces fever. SEE ALSO: pyrogenic. SYN: febricant. [L. febris, fever, + facio, to make]

febriferous
febriferous (fe-brif′er-us)

SYN: febrifacient (1) . [L. febris, fever, + fero, to bear, + -ous]

febrific
febrific (fe-brif′ik)

SYN: febrifacient (1) .

febrifugal
febrifugal (fe-brif′u-gal)

SYN: antipyretic (1) .

febrifuge
febrifuge (feb′ri-fuj)

SYN: antipyretic (2) . [L. febris, fever, + fugo, to put to flight]

febrile
febrile (feb′ril, fe′bril)

Denoting or relating to fever. SYN: feverish (1) , pyrectic, pyretic.

febris
febris (fe′bris)

SYN: fever. [L.]
f. melitensis (fe′bris mel-i-ten′sis) infection with Brucella melitensis; SEE ALSO: Brucella melitensis.
f. undulans (fe′bris un-doo-lanz′) SYN: brucellosis.

fecal
fecal (fe′kal)

Relating to feces.

fecalith
fecalith (fe′ka-lith)

A hard mass consisting of inspissated feces. SYN: coprolith, stercolith. [L. faeces, feces, + G. lithos, stone]

fecaloid
fecaloid (fe′ka-loyd)

Resembling feces. [L. faeces, feces, + G. eidos, resemblance]

fecaloma
fecaloma (fe′ka-lo-ma)

An accumulation of inspissated feces in the colon or rectum giving the appearance of an abdominal tumor. SYN: coproma, fecal tumor, scatoma, stercoroma.

fecaluria
fecaluria (fe-ka-loo′re-a)

The commingling of feces with urine passed from the urethra in persons with a fistula connecting the intestinal tract and lower urinary tract, often noticed most dramatically by the passage of flatus through the urethra. [L. faeces, feces, + G. ouron, urine]

feces
feces (fe′sez)

The matter discharged from the bowel during defecation, consisting of the undigested residue of food, epithelium, intestinal mucus, bacteria, and waste material from the food. SYN: stercus. [L., pl. of faex (faec-), dregs]

Fechner
Fechner

Gustav T., German physicist, 1801–1887. See Weber-F. law, F.-Weber law.

feculent
feculent (fek′u-lent)

Foul. [L. faeculentus, full of excrement, fr. faeces, dregs, feces]

fecund
fecund (fe′kund, fek′und)

SYN: fertile (1) . [L. fecundus, fruitful]

fecundate
fecundate (fe′kun-dat)

To impregnate; to make fertile. [L. fecundo, pp. -atus, to make fruitful, fertilize]

fecundation
fecundation (fe-kun-da′shun)

The act of rendering fertile. SEE ALSO: fertilization, impregnation.

fecundity
fecundity (fe-kun′di-te)

The ability to produce live offspring.

Fede
Fede

Francesco, Italian physician, 1832–1913. See Riga-F. disease.

feedback
feedback (fed′bak)

1. In a given system, the return, as input, of some of the output, as a regulatory mechanism; e.g., regulation of a furnace by a thermostat. 2. An explanation for the learning of motor skills: sensory stimuli set up by muscle contractions modulate the activity of the motor system. 3. The feeling evoked by another person's reaction to oneself. See biofeedback.
auditory f. the unwanted sound that occurs in an amplification system when the microphone picks up the sound from the speaker; a major problem in the use of hearing aids.
negative f. that which occurs if the sign or sense of the returned signal results in reduced amplification.
positive f. that which occurs when the sign or sense of the returned signal results in increased amplification or leads to instability.
tubuloglomerular f. a blood flow control mechanism operating in the kidneys that limits changes in glomerular filtration rate.

feeding
feeding (fed′ing)

Giving food or nourishment.
fictitious f. SYN: sham f..
forced f., forcible f. 1. giving liquid food through a nasal tube passed into the stomach; 2. forcing a person to eat more food than desired. SYN: forced alimentation.
gastric f. giving of nutriment directly into the stomach by means of a tube inserted via the nasopharynx and esophagus or directly through the abdominal wall.
nasal f. the giving of nourishment through a flexible tube passed through the nasal passages into the stomach.
sham f. a procedure used in the study of the psychic phase of gastric secretion: in experiments on dogs, the food, after being eaten, does not enter the stomach but issues from an esophageal fistula made in the neck; the chewing and swallowing of food causes an abundant secretion of gastric juice. SYN: fictitious f..

feeling
feeling (fel′ing)

1. Any kind of conscious experience of sensation. 2. The mental perception of a sensory stimulus. 3. A quality of any mental state or mood, whereby it is recognized as pleasurable or the reverse. 4. A bodily sensation that is correlated with a given emotion.

Feer
Feer

Emil, Swiss pediatrician, 1864–1955. See F. disease.

FEF
FEF

Abbreviation for forced expiratory flow.

Fehling
Fehling

Hermann von, German chemist, 1812–1885. See F. reagent, F. solution.

Feil
Feil

André, French physician, *1884. See Klippel-F. syndrome.

Feiss
Feiss

Henry O., 20th century American orthopedic surgeon. See F. line.

FEL
FEL

Abbreviation for familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

felbamate
felbamate (fel′ba-mat)

An anticonvulsant/antiepileptic agent chemically related to meprobamate; useful in complex partial seizures.

Feldberg
Feldberg

Wilhelm, British physiologist, 1900–1993. See Dale-F. law.

Feldman
Feldman

Harry Alfred, U.S. epidemiologist, 1914–1986. See Sabin-F. dye test.

Felidae
Felidae (fe′li-de)

A family of Carnivora embracing domestic and wild cats such as lions and tigers. [L. felis, cat]

feline
feline (fe′lin)

Pertaining or relating to cats. [L. felis, cat]

Felix
Felix

Arthur, Polish bacteriologist, 1887–1956. See Weil-F. reaction, Weil-F. test.

fellatio
fellatio (fe-la′she-o)

Oral stimulation of the penis; a type of oral-genital sexual activity; contrasted with cunnilingus, which is the oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris. SYN: irrumation. [L.]

felodipine
felodipine (fe-lo′di-pen)

A calcium blocking agent of the dihydropyridine class resembling nifedipine.

felon
felon (fel′on)

SYN: whitlow. [M.E. feloun, malignant]

Felson
Felson

Benjamin, U.S. radiologist, 1913–1988. See silhouette sign of F..

feltwork
feltwork

1. A fibrous network. 2. A close plexus of nerve fibrils. See neuropil.

Felty
Felty

Augustus R., U.S. physician, 1895–1963. See F. syndrome.

felypressin
felypressin (fel-i-pres′in)

[Phe²,Lys⁸]Vasopressin;lysine vasopressin with l-phenylalanine at position 2. SYN: octapressin.

female
female (fe′mal)

In zoology, denoting the gender that bears the young or the ovum.
genetic f. 1. an individual with a normal f. karyotype, including two X chromosomes; 2. an individual whose cell nuclei contain Barr sex chromatin bodies, which are normally absent in males.
XO f. the genetic f. in Turner syndrome, where the criterion is the macroscopic appearance of the external genitals.
XXX f. triple X syndrome.

feminization
feminization (fem′i-ni-za′shun)

Development of what are superficially external female characteristics by a male.
testicular f. SYN: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.testicular f. syndrome.

femoral
femoral (fem′o-ral)

Relating to the femur or thigh.

femorocele
femorocele (fem′o-ro-sel)

SYN: femoral hernia. [L. femur, thigh, + G. kele, hernia]

femorotibial
femorotibial (fem′o-ro-tib′e-al)

Relating to the femur and the tibia.

femto- femto- (f)

Prefix used in SI and metric system to signify a submultiple of one-quadrillionth (10^–15). [Danish and Norwegian femten, fifteen]

femur
femur, gen. femoris, pl .femora (fe′mur, fem′o-ris, -a) [TA]

1. SYN: thigh. 2. The long bone of the thigh, articulating with the hip bone proximally and the tibia and patella distally. [L. thigh]

fenbufen
fenbufen (fen-boo′fen)

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent resembling ibuprofen.

fencamine
fencamine (fen′ka-men)

A central nervous system stimulant.

fenclofenac
fenclofenac (fen-klo′fen-ak)

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of joint disorders; similar to diclofenac.

fenclonine
fenclonine (fen′klo-nen)

A serotonin inhibitor.

Fendt
Fendt

H., 19th century Austrian dermatologist. See cutaneous pseudolymphoma, Spiegler-F. sarcoid.

fenestra
fenestra, pl .fenestrae (fe-nes′tra, -tre)

1. [TA] An anatomic aperture, often closed by a membrane. 2. An opening left in a plaster of Paris cast or other form of fixed dressing in order to permit access to a wound or inspection of the part. 3. The opening in one of the blades of an obstetric forceps. 4. A lateral opening in the sheath of an endoscopic instrument that allows lateral viewing or operative maneuvering. 5. Openings in the wall of a tube, catheter, or trocar designed to promote better flow of air or fluids. SYN: window (1) [TA] . [L. window]
f. of the cochlea SYN: round window.
f. cochleae [TA] SYN: round window.
f. nov-ovalis artificial opening through the otic capsule into the lateral semicircular canal, connecting the membranous labyrinth with the mastoid cavity produced during fenestration surgery.
f. ovalis SYN: oval window.
f. rotunda SYN: round window.
f. of the vestibule SYN: oval window.
f. vestibuli [TA] SYN: oval window.

fenestrated
fenestrated (fen′es-tra′ted)

Having fenestrae or windowlike openings.

fenestration
fenestration (fen-es-tra′shun)

1. The presence of openings or fenestrae in a part. 2. Making openings in a dressing to allow inspection of the parts. 3. In dentistry, a surgical perforation of the mucoperiosteum and alveolar process to expose the root tip of a tooth to permit drainage of tissue exudate.
optic nerve sheath f. the cutting of a window in the dura of the optic nerve sheath to relieve papilledema and prevent further loss of optic nerve fibers.
tracheal f. a surgical procedure to create an epithelialized mucocutaneous opening from the neck into the trachea.

fenethylline hydrochloride
fenethylline hydrochloride (fen-eth′i-len)

An analeptic.

fenfluramine hydrochloride
fenfluramine hydrochloride (fen-floo′ra-men)

An anorexigenic agent.

Fenn
Fenn

Wallace Osgood, U.S. physiologist, 1893–1971. See F. effect.

fennel
fennel (fen′l)

F. seed, the dried ripe fruit of cultivated varieties of Foeniculum vulgare (family Umbelliferae), an herb native to southern Europe and Asia, a diaphoretic and carminative; a volatile oil distilled from the fruit is used as a flavoring. [through O. Fr., fr. L. faeniculum, f., dim. of faenum, hay]

fenoprofen calcium
fenoprofen calcium (fen-o-pro′fen)

An anti-inflammatory analgesic used for treatment of mild to moderate pain and for osteoarthritis; similar to ibuprofen.

fenoterol
fenoterol (fen′o-ter′ol)

A β₂ agonist inhalation bronchodilator.

fenpipramide
fenpipramide (fen-pip′ra-mid)

An antispasmodic.

fentanyl citrate
fentanyl citrate (fen′ta-nil)

A short-acting narcotic analgesic about 100 times more potent than morphine used as a supplementary analgesic in general anesthesia.

fenticlor
fenticlor (fen′ti-klor)

A topical anti-infective agent.

fenugreek
fenugreek (fen′u-grek)

An annual plant indigenous to western Asia and cultivated in Africa and parts of Europe; the mucilaginous seeds are used as food and in the preparation of culinary spices (curry). [L. faenum graecum, f., fr. faenum, hay, + Graecus, Greek]

Fenwick
Fenwick

Edwin Hurry, British urologist, 1856–1944. See F.-Hunner ulcer.

feral
feral (fer′il)

Denoting an animal that is wild and untamed.

Féréol
Féréol

Louis Felix Henri, French physician, 1825–1891.

Ferguson
Ferguson

J.K.W., 20th century obstetrician. See F. reflex.

Fergusson
Fergusson

Sir William, Scottish surgeon, 1808–1877. See F. incision.

ferment
ferment (fer-ment′)

1. To cause or to undergo fermentation. 2. An agent that causes fermentation. [L. fermentum, leaven]

fermentable
fermentable (fer-ment′a-bl)

Capable of undergoing fermentation.

fermentation
fermentation (fer-men-ta′shun)

1. A chemical change induced in a complex organic compound by the action of an enzyme, whereby the substance is split into simpler compounds. 2. In bacteriology, the anaerobic dissimilation of substrates with the production of energy and reduced compounds; the mechanism of f. does not involve a respiratory chain or cytochrome, hence oxygen is not the final electron acceptor as it is in oxidation. [L. fermento, pp. -atus, to ferment, from L. fermentum, yeast]
acetic f., acetous f. f., as of wine or beer, whereby the alcohol is oxidized to acetic acid (vinegar).
alcoholic f. the anaerobic formation of ethanol and CO₂ from d-glucose. Cf.:Gay-Lussac equation.
amylic f. f. of potato or corn mash, or other starchy material, by which fusel oil is produced.
lactic acid f. the production of lactic acid in milk, or other carbohydrate-containing media, caused by the presence of any one of a number of lactic acid bacteria.

fermentative
fermentative (fer-ment′a-tiv)

Causing or having the ability to cause fermentation.

fermenter
fermenter (fer-ment′er)

A large container used in cultures of microorganisms.

fermium
fermium (Fm) (fer′me-um)

Radioactive element, artificially prepared in 1955, atomic no. 100, atomic wt. 257.095; ²⁵⁷Fm has the longest known half-life (100.5 days) of this transuranium element. [E. Fermi, It.-U.S. physicist and Nobel laureate, 1901–1954]

Fernandez reaction
Fernandez reaction

See under reaction.

Fernbach
Fernbach

Auguste, French microbiologist, 1860–1939. See F. flask.

ferning
ferning

A term used to describe the pattern of arborization produced by cervical mucus, secreted at midcycle, upon crystallization, which resembles somewhat a fern or a palm leaf.

ferratin
ferratin (fer′a-tin)

A hematinic.

ferredoxins
ferredoxins (fer-e-dok′sinz)

Proteins containing iron-sulfur complexes, displaying electron-carrier activity but no classical enzyme function. F. are found in green plants, algae, anaerobic bacteria, and in mitochondria from the adrenal cortex and heart muscle. They are involved in several oxidation-reduction reactions in living organisms ( e.g., nitrogen fixation).

Ferrein
Ferrein

Antoine, French anatomist, 1693–1769. See F. canal, F. cords, under cord, F. foramen, F. ligament, F. pyramid, F. tube, F. vasa aberrantia, under vas, processus ferreini.

ferri- ferri-

Prefix designating the presence of a ferric ion in a compound. [L. ferrum, iron]

ferric
ferric (fer′ik)

Relating to iron, especially denoting a salt containing iron in its higher (triad) valence, Fe³⁺.

ferric ammonium citrate
ferric ammonium citrate

A compound used in hypochromic anemia; it is relatively free of astringent and irritant action.

ferric ammonium citrate, green
ferric ammonium citrate, green

A compound used in hypochromic anemia.

ferric ammonium sulfate
ferric ammonium sulfate

An astringent and styptic. SYN: ammonium ferric sulfate, ferric alum, iron alum.

ferric chloride
ferric chloride

An astringent and styptic.

ferric fructose
ferric fructose

A potassium-iron-fructose; a hematinic drug.

ferric glycerophosphate
ferric glycerophosphate

A tonic and a source of iron.

ferric hydroxide
ferric hydroxide

A compound previously used, freshly prepared, as an antidote to arsenic poisoning.

ferric oxide
ferric oxide

A compound used as a coloring material.

ferric phosphate
ferric phosphate

A compound used as a feed and as a food supplement.
soluble f. f. with sodium citrate; a hematinic.

ferric sulfate
ferric sulfate

Iron persulfate, tersulfate, or sesquisulfate; an astringent and styptic.

ferricyanide
ferricyanide (fe-ri-si′a-nid, fer-e-)

The anion Fe(CN)₆^3-.

ferricytochrome
ferricytochrome (fe-ri-si′to-krom, fer-e-)

A cytochrome containing oxidized (ferric) iron.

ferriheme
ferriheme (fe′ri-hem, fer′e-)

SYN: hematin.
f. chloride SYN: hemin.

ferrihemoglobin
ferrihemoglobin (fer′i-he-mo-glo′bin, fer′e-)

SYN: methemoglobin.

ferriporphyrin
ferriporphyrin (fe-ri-por′fi-rin, fer-e-)

The compound formed between a ferric ion and a porphyrin; e.g., ferriprotoporphyrin (hemin).
f. chloride SYN: hemin.

ferriprotoporphyrin
ferriprotoporphyrin (fer′i-pro-to-por′fi-rin, fer′e-)

SYN: hemin.

ferritin
ferritin (fer′i-tin, fer′a-)

An iron-protein complex, containing up to 23% iron, formed by the union of ferric ions with apoferritin; it is found in the intestinal mucosa, spleen, bone marrow, reticulocytes, and liver, and regulates iron storage and transport from the intestinal lumen to plasma.

ferro- ferro-

Prefix designating the presence of metallic iron or of the divalent ion Fe²⁺. [L. ferrum, iron]

ferrochelatase
ferrochelatase (far-o-ke′la-tas)

A lyase that catalyzes the reversible acid hydrolysis of heme, forming protoporphyrin IX and free ferrous iron; inhibited by lead; a deficiency of f. results in erythropoietic protoporphyria.

ferrocholinate
ferrocholinate (far′o-ko′li-nat)

Iron choline citrate chelate, used for oral administration in the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemias.

ferrocyanide
ferrocyanide (far-o-si′a-nid)

A compound containing the anion Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻.

ferrocytochrome
ferrocytochrome (far-o-si′to-krom)

A cytochrome containing reduced (ferrous) iron.

ferroheme
ferroheme (far′o-hem)

SYN: heme.

ferrokinetics
ferrokinetics (far-o-ki-net′iks)

The study of iron metabolism using radioactive iron. [L. ferrum, iron, + G. kinesis, movement]

ferroporphyrin
ferroporphyrin (far-o-por′fi-rin)

The compound formed between a ferrous ion and a porphyrin; e.g., ferroprotoporphyrin (heme).

ferroproteins
ferroproteins (far-o-pro′tenz)

Proteins containing iron in a prosthetic group; e.g., heme, cytochromes.

ferroprotoporphyrin
ferroprotoporphyrin (far′o-pro-to-por′fi-rin)

SYN: heme.

ferrosoferric
ferrosoferric (far-o′so-far′ik)

Denoting a combination of a ferrous compound with a ferric compound, as in Fe₃O₄.

ferrotherapy
ferrotherapy (far′o-thar′a-pe)

Therapeutic use of iron. [L. ferrum, iron]

ferrous
ferrous (far′us)

Relating to iron, especially denoting a salt containing iron in its lowest valence state, Fe²⁺. [L. ferreus, made of iron]

ferrous citrate
ferrous citrate

A compound that occurs in several forms, two of which are monoferrous acid citrate monohydrate and triferrous dicitrate decahydrate; a hematinic.

ferrous fumarate
ferrous fumarate

Iron fumarate, a hematinic.

ferrous gluconate
ferrous gluconate

Iron gluconate; a hematinic.

ferrous lactate
ferrous lactate

Iron lactate; a hematinic.

ferrous succinate
ferrous succinate

Iron succinate; a hematinic.

ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate

SYN: iron sulfate.
dried f. exsiccated iron sulfate; a hematinic.

ferrugination
ferrugination (fe-roo′ji-na′shun)

Deposition of mineral deposits including iron in the walls of small blood vessels and at the site of a dead neuron. [L. ferrugo, iron-rust]

ferruginous
ferruginous (fe-roo′ji-nus)

1. Iron-bearing; associated with or containing iron. 2. Of the color of iron rust. [L. ferrugineus, iron rust, rust-colored]

ferrule
ferrule (fer′ool)

A metal band or ring used around the crown or root of a tooth. [corrupted through O. Fr. and Medieval L., fr. L. viriola, a small bracelet]

Ferry
Ferry

Erwin S., U.S. physicist, 1868–1956. See F.-Porter law.

fertile
fertile (fer′til)

1. Fruitful; capable of conceiving and bearing young. SYN: fecund. 2. Impregnated; fertilized. [L. fertilis, fr. fero, to bear]

fertility
fertility (fer-til′i-te)

The actual production of live offspring, i.e., does not include stillbirths.

fertilization
fertilization (fer′til-i-za′shun)

The process beginning with penetration of the secondary oocyte by the spermatozoon and completed by fusion of the male and female pronuclei.
in vitro f. (IVF) a process whereby (usually multiple) ova are placed in a medium to which sperm are added for f., the zygote thus produced then being introduced into the uterus and allowed to develop to term.
in vivo f. f. of a ripe egg within the distal fallopian tube of a fertile donor female (rather than in an artificial medium), for subsequent nonsurgical transfer to an infertile recipient.

fertilizin
fertilizin (fer-til′i-zin)

An acid polysaccharide-amino acid complex associated with the female gamete membrane of several organisms; provides receptor groups that agglutinate sperm and bind them to ova.

Ferula
Ferula (far′oo-la)

A genus of plants of the family Umbelliferae. F. assa-foetida, F. rubricaulis and F. foetida furnish asafetida; F. galbaniflua and F. rubricaulis, galbanium; and F. sumbul, sumbul. [L. giant plant]

fervescence
fervescence (fer-ves′ens)

An increase of fever. [L. fervesco, to begin to boil, fr. ferveo, to boil]

FESS
FESS

Abbreviation for functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

fester
fester

1. To form pus or putrefy. 2. To make inflamed. [L. fistula]

festinant
festinant (fes′ti-nant)

Rapid; hastening; accelerating. [L. festino, to hasten]

festination
festination (fes-ti-na′shun)

SYN: festinating gait. [L. festino, to hasten]

festoon
festoon (fes-toon′)

1. A carving in the base material of a denture that simulates the contours of the natural tissue that is being replaced by the denture. 2. A distinguishing characteristic of certain hard tick species, consisting of small rectangular areas separated by grooves along the posterior margin of the dorsum of both males and females. [thr. Fr. fr. L. festum, festival, hence festive decorations]
gingival f. an arcuate enlargement of the marginal gingiva.

festooning
festooning (fes-toon′ing)

Undulating, like the pattern of dermal papillae beneath a subepidermal blister.

FET
FET

Abbreviation for forced expiratory time.

fetal
fetal (fe′tal)

1. Relating to a fetus; 2. In utero development after the eighth week.

fetalism
fetalism (fe′tal-izm)

Presence of certain fetal structures or characteristics in the body after birth.

fetal reticularis
fetal reticularis (fe′tal re-tik-u-la′ris)

1. SYN: fetal adrenal cortex. 2. SYN: androgenic zone (2) . 3. SYN: X zone (2) .

fetation
fetation (fe-ta′shun)

SYN: pregnancy.

feticide
feticide (fe′ti-sid)

Destruction of the embryo or fetus in the uterus. [L. fetus + caedo, to kill]

fetid
fetid (fet′id, fe′tid)

Foul-smelling. [L. foetidus]

fetish
fetish (fet′ish, fe′tish)

An inanimate object or nonsexual body part that is regarded as endowed with magic or erotic qualities. [Fr. fétiche, fr. L. factitius, made by art, artificial]

fetishism
fetishism (fet′ish-izm, fe′tish-)

The act of worshipping or using for sexual arousal and gratification that which is regarded as a fetish.

fetoglobulins
fetoglobulins (fe-to-glob′u-linz)

One of a number of proteins of unknown function found in fetal blood. α-F. occurs in small amounts in normal adults and in larger amounts in the fetus and pregnant mother, especially in the second trimester; elevated levels are also detected in adult patients with liver disease and neoplasms.

fetography
fetography (fe-tog′ra-fe)

Radiography of the fetus in utero, using contrast medium; an obsolete technique. Cf.:amniography. [L. fetus + G. grapho, to write]

fetology
fetology (fe-tol′o-je)

SYN: maternal-fetal medicine. [L. fetus + G. logos, study]

fetometry
fetometry (fe-tom′e-tre)

Estimation of the size of the fetus, especially of its head, prior to delivery. [L. fetus + G. metron, measure]

fetopathy
fetopathy (fe-top′a-the)

SYN: embryopathy. [L. fetus + G. pathos, suffering, disease]
diabetic f. f. resulting from maternal diabetes, which may cause macrosomia and fetal death.

fetoplacental
fetoplacental (fe′to-pla-sen′tal)

Relating to the fetus and its placenta.

fetoproteins
fetoproteins (fe-to-pro′tenz)

Fetal proteins found in small amounts in adults in the following forms: α-f. (AFP) increases in maternal blood during pregnancy and, when detected by amniocentesis, is an important indicator of open neural tube defects and is also used as a tumor marker in adults (see definition below); β-f., although a fetal liver protein, has been detected in adult patients with liver disease; γ-f. occurs in various neoplasms. SEE ALSO: fetoglobulins.
α fetoprotein a protein normally produced during the 12th to 15th week of gestation, decreasing thereafter, but appearing in the blood in certain tumors, such as embryonal carcinomas of the testis and ovary, hepatoma, and less often in patients with carcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, colon, or lung. When present, a useful marker in following the course of a tumor.

fetor
fetor (fe′tor)

A very offensive odor. [L. an offensive smell, fr. feteo, to stink]
f. hepaticus a peculiar odor to the breath in persons with severe liver disease; caused by volatile aromatic substances that accumulate in the blood and urine due to defective hepatic metabolism. SYN: liver breath.
f. oris SYN: halitosis.

fetoscope
fetoscope (fe′to-skop)

1. A fiberoptic endoscope used in fetology. 2. A stethoscope designed for listening to fetal heart sounds.

fetoscopy
fetoscopy (fe-tos′ko-pe)

Use of a fiberoptic endoscope to view the fetus and the fetal surface of the placenta transabdominally, and also for collection of fetal blood from the umbilical vein for antenatal diagnosis of fetal disorders.

fetuin
fetuin (fe-too′in)

A low molecular-weight globulin that constitutes nearly the total globulin in fetal blood. [fetus + -in]

fetus
fetus, pl .fetuses (fe′tus, fe′tus-ez)

1. The unborn young of a viviparous animal following the embryonic period. 2. [NA] In humans, the product of conception from the end of the eighth week to the moment of birth. [L. offspring]
f. in fetu condition in which a small, imperfectly formed f. is contained within a f..
harlequin f. a severe autosomal recessive form of collodion baby in a newborn, usually premature, infant; i.e., a form of ichthyosiform erythroderma characterized by encasement of the body in grayish brown, often fissured plaques resembling plates of armor and by grotesque deformity of the face with eclabium and gangrene of terminal phalanges; usually fatal within a few days, although treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid has been successful in some cases. SYN: ichthyosis fetalis (1) .
impacted f. a f. which, because of its large size or narrowing of the pelvic canal, has become wedged and incapable of spontaneous advance or recession.
f. papyraceus one of twin fetuses that has died and been pressed flat against the uterine wall by the growth of the living f..
f. sanguinolentis (san-gwi′no-len′tis) dead f. that has become macerated.

Feulgen
Feulgen

Robert, German nucleic acid biochemist and cytochemist, 1884–1955. First to detect DNA in cells by a specific cytochemical test. See F. cytometry.

FEV
FEV

Abbreviation for forced expiratory volume, with subscript indicating time interval in seconds.

fever
fever (fe′ver)

A complex physiologic response to disease mediated by pyrogenic cytokines and characterized by a rise in core temperature, generation of acute phase reactants, and activation of immune systems. SYN: febris, pyrexia. [A.S. fefer]
absorption f. an elevation of temperature often occurring, without other untoward symptoms, shortly after childbirth, assumed to be due to absorption of uterine discharges through abrasions of the vaginal wall.
acclimating f. elevated temperature with malaise that occurs upon working in a very hot environment.
Aden f. SYN: dengue.
aestivoautumnal f. SYN: falciparum malaria.
African hemorrhagic f. hemorrhagic f. associated with the morphologically similar but antigenically distinct Marburg and Ebola viruses as well as numerous other viruses that cause similar diseases. SEE ALSO: viral hemorrhagic f..
African tick f. SYN: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f..
African tick-bite f. a febrile disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia africae in southern Africa and characterized by taches noires at the sites of bites by infected Amblyomma ticks and lymphadenopathy.
algid pernicious f. a pernicious malarial attack in which the patient presents symptoms of collapse and shock.
ardent f. a term sometimes applied to hyperpyrexia occurring in intermittent malarial f.. SYN: heat apoplexy (2) .
Argentinean hemorrhagic f. a form of hemorrhagic f. observed in South America, seemingly transmitted by contact from rodents to humans and caused by the Junin virus, a member of the family Arenaviridae.
artificial f. SYN: pyretotherapy.
aseptic f. f. accompanied by malaise due to absorption of dead but not infected tissue following an injury.
Assam f. SYN: visceral leishmaniasis.
Australian Q f. a variety of Q f. occurring in Australia; an acute infectious rickettsial infection caused by Coxiella burnetii and transmitted by ticks, enzootic in animals in Australia, especially bandicoots.
autumn f. 1. a f. resembling dengue occurring at the end of the summer in India; SYN: seven-day f. (1) . 2. SYN: hasamiyami.
benign tertian f. SYN: vivax malaria.
bilious remittent f. 1. old term for relapsing f.; 2. malarial “bilious” vomiting associated with marked increase of serum bilirubin.
black f. SYN: Rocky Mountain spotted f..
blackwater f. hemoglobinuria resulting from severe hemolysis occurring in falciparum malaria. SYN: malarial hemoglobinuria.
blue f. SYN: Rocky Mountain spotted f..
Bolivian hemorrhagic f. a disease similar to Argentinian hemorrhagic f. but caused by the Machupo virus, a member of the family Arenaviridae.
bouquet f. SYN: dengue.
boutonneuse f. SYN: Mediterranean spotted f..
brass founder's f. an occupational disease, characterized by malaria-like symptoms, due to inhalation of particles and fumes of metallic oxides. Fumes are formed by evaporation at very high temperature and condensation in air into fine particles. SYN: brass founder's ague, foundryman's f., metal fume f., zinc fume f..
Brazilian hemorrhagic f. SYN: Brazilian spotted f..
Brazilian purpuric f. SYN: Brazilian spotted f..
Brazilian spotted f. fulminating sepsis, usually beginning with conjunctivitis, characterized by purpuric skin lesions, a high fatality rate; thought to be due to Haemophilus aegyptius. SYN: Brazilian hemorrhagic f., Brazilian purpuric f..
breakbone f. SYN: dengue.
Bunyamwera f. a febrile illness of humans in Africa caused by the Bunyamwera virus (family Bunyaviridae) and transmitted by culicine mosquitoes.
Burdwan f. SYN: visceral leishmaniasis.
Bwamba f. a febrile illness of humans in Africa caused by a virus of the family Bunyaviridae and transmitted by mosquitoes.
cachectic f. SYN: visceral leishmaniasis.
camp f. 1. any epidemic febrile illness affecting troops in an encampment; 2. obsolete term for typhus.
canicola f. a disease of humans caused by the canicola serovar of Leptospira interrogans and transmitted by infective urine, usually from dogs but rarely from cattle and swine.
catarrhal f. old term for the group of respiratory tract diseases including the common cold, influenza, and lobular and lobar pneumonia.
cat-bite f. SYN: cat-bite disease.
catheter f. SYN: urinary f..
catscratch f. SYN: catscratch disease.
Central European tick-borne f. SYN: tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype).
cerebrospinal f. SYN: meningococcal meningitis.
Charcot intermittent f. f., chills, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associated with intermittently obstructing common duct stones.
childbed f. SYN: puerperal f..
Colorado tick f. an infection caused by Colorado tick f. virus and transmitted to humans by Dermacentor andersoni; the symptoms are mild, there is no rash, the temperature is not excessive, and the disease is rarely, if ever, fatal.
Congolian red f. SYN: murine typhus.
continued f. obsolete term for a continual febrile illness without intermittency as with malaria. Many cases were typhoid f., but included many types of febrile illnesses.
cotton-mill f. SYN: byssinosis.
Crimean f. SYN: Mediterranean spotted f..
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f. a form of hemorrhagic f. distinct from Omsk hemorrhagic f., occurring in central Russia, transmitted by species of the tick Hyalomma, and caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f. virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae family; horses are the chief reservoir of human infection; characterized by abrupt onset, high f., headache, myalgia, widespread petechial hemorrhagic lesions, gastrointestinal bleeding, high fatality rate. SYN: African tick f..
dandy f. SYN: dengue.
date f. SYN: dengue.
deer-fly f. SYN: tularemia.
dehydration f. SYN: thirst f..
dengue f. SYN: dengue.
dengue hemorrhagic f. SYN: dengue.
desert f. SYN: primary coccidioidomycosis.
digestive f. a slight rise of body temperature occurring during the period of digestion.
diphasic milk f. SYN: tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype).
double quotidian f. malaria in which two paroxysms of f. occur daily.
drug f. f. resulting from an allergic reaction to a drug that clears rapidly on discontinuation of the drug.
Dumdum f. SYN: visceral leishmaniasis.
Dutton relapsing f. SYN: Dutton disease.
Ebola hemorrhagic f. SYN: hemorrhagic f..
elephantoid f. lymphangitis and an elevation of temperature marking the beginning of endemic elephantiasis (filariasis).
enteric f. 1. SYN: typhoid f.. 2. the group of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers.
entericoid f. a f., neither paratyphoid nor typhoid, resembling the latter.
ephemeral f. a febrile episode lasting no more than a day or two.
epidemic hemorrhagic f. a condition characterized by acute onset of headache, chills and high f., sweating, thirst, photophobia, coryza, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting; this phase lasts from 3–6 days and is followed by capillary and renal interstitial hemorrhages, edema, oliguria, azotemia, and shock; most varieties are caused by numerous viruses including togaviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses, and are rodent-borne. SYN: hemorrhagic f. with renal syndrome, Songo f..
epimastical f. a f. increasing steadily until its acme is reached, then declining by crisis or lysis.
eruptive f. SYN: Mediterranean spotted f..
essential f. f. without known infectious disease.
exanthematous f. f. associated with an exanthem.
exsiccation f. SYN: thirst f..
falciparum f. SYN: falciparum malaria.
familial Mediterranean f. SYN: familial paroxysmal polyserositis.
Far East hemorrhagic f. tick-borne infection with Rickettsia sibirica, seen primarily in Siberia and Mongolia.
fatigue f. an elevation of the body temperature, lasting sometimes several days, following excessive and long continued muscular exertion.
field f. a leptospirosis caused by leptospira.
five-day f. SYN: trench f..
Flinders Island spotted f. a febrile disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia honei in southeastern Australia and characterized by headache, myalgia, and maculopapular rash. [named after Flinders Island in Tasmania, Australia, from which the first cases of the disease were identified]
flood f. SYN: tsutsugamushi disease.
food f. a disorder seen primarily in childhood, consisting of a sudden rise of temperature accompanied by marked digestive disturbances, which lasts from a few days to several weeks; believed to be a form of food poisoning.
Fort Bragg f. SYN: pretibial f..
foundryman's f. SYN: brass founder's f..
Gambian f. an irregular relapsing f., lasting 1–4 days with intermissions of 2–5 days, marked by enlargement of the spleen, rapid pulse, and breathing; due to the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the pathogenic microorganism of Gambian or West African sleeping sickness.
glandular f. SYN: infectious mononucleosis.
Haverhill f. an infection by Streptobacillus moniliformis marked by initial chills and high f. (gradually subsiding), by arthritis usually in the larger joints and spine, and by a rash occurring chiefly over the joints and on the extensor surfaces of the extremities; “Haverhill f.” is used to indicate Streptobacillus moniliformis infections not associated with rat bite but resulting from contaminated food or water. SYN: erythema arthriticum epidemicum. [Haverhill, MA, where an epidemic occurred in 1926]
hay f. a form of atopy characterized by an acute irritative inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory passages accompanied by itching and profuse watery secretion, usually without temperature elevation, followed occasionally by bronchitis and asthma; the episode recurs annually at the same or nearly the same time of the year, in spring, summer, or late summer and autumn, caused by an allergic reaction to the pollen of trees, grasses, weeds, flowers, etc. SYN: allergic coryza.
hematuric bilious f. hematuria due to renal lesions caused by the malarial hematozoon, Plasmodium falciparum.
hemoglobinuric f. SYN: malarial hemoglobinuria.
hemorrhagic f. a syndrome that occurs in perhaps 20–40% of infections by a number of different viruses of the families Arenaviridae (Lassa f., Bolivian hemorrhagic f., Argentinean hemorrhagic f.), Bunyaviridae (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f.), Flaviviridae (Dengue hemorrhagic f., Omsk hemorrhagic f.), Filoviridae (Ebola f., Marburg virus disease), etc. Some types of hemorrhagic f. are tick-borne, others mosquito-borne, and some seem to be zoonoses; clinical manifestations are high f., scattered petechiae, gastrointestinal tract and other organ bleeding, hypotension, and shock; kidney damage may be severe, especially in Korean hemorrhagic f. and neurologic signs may appear, especially in the Argentinean-Bolivian types. Five types of hemorrhagic f. are transmissible person-to-person: Bolivian hemorrhagic f., Lassa f., Ebola f., Marburg virus disease, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f.. SEE ALSO: epidemic hemorrhagic f.. SYN: Ebola hemorrhagic f..
hemorrhagic f. with renal syndrome SYN: epidemic hemorrhagic f..
hepatic intermittent f. ague-like paroxysms of f. occurring in cases of one or more stones in the common bile duct.
herpetic f. a disease of short duration, apparently infectious, marked by chills, nausea, elevation of temperature, sore throat, and a herpetic eruption on the face and other areas; primary infection is with herpes simplex virus.
hospital f. SYN: epidemic typhus.
icterohemorrhagic f. infection with the variety of Leptospira interrogans serotype known as icterohemorrhagiae, characterized by f., jaundice, hemorrhagic lesions, azotemia, and central nervous system manifestations. SYN: leptospirosis icterohemorrhagica.
Ilhéus f. a febrile illness caused by the Ilhéus virus, a Flavivirus, and transmitted by a mosquito. SEE ALSO: Ilhéus encephalitis.
inanition f. SYN: thirst f..
induced f. SYN: pyretotherapy.
intermittent malarial f. intermittent malaria.
inundation f. SYN: tsutsugamushi disease.
island f. SYN: tsutsugamushi disease.
jail f. SYN: typhus.
Japanese river f. SYN: tsutsugamushi disease.
Japanese spotted f. a febrile disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia japonica and characterized by headache and exanthema; found in Japan.
jungle f. SYN: malaria.
jungle yellow f. a form occurring in South America, transmitted by Aedes leucocelaenus and various treetop mosquitoes of the Haemagogus complex; transmitted normally to primates, occasionally by chance to humans to set off a human outbreak of classical yellow f. transmitted by Aedes aegypti.
Katayama f. SYN: Katayama disease.
kedani f. SYN: tsutsugamushi disease.
Kenya f. SYN: Mediterranean spotted f..
Kew Gardens f. SYN: rickettsialpox. [Kew Gardens, area in Queens, NYC, where first reported]
Kinkiang f. SYN: schistosomiasis japonica.
Korean hemorrhagic f. a form of epidemic hemorrhagic f. caused by the Hantaan virus. SYN: Manchurian hemorrhagic f..
Lassa f. a severe form of epidemic hemorrhagic f. which is highly fatal. It was first recognized in Lassa, Nigeria, is caused by the Lassa virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family, and is characterized by high f., sore throat, severe muscle aches, skin rash with hemorrhages, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea; the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis serves as reservoir, but person-to-person transmission also is common. SYN: Lassa hemorrhagic f..
Lassa hemorrhagic f. SYN: Lassa f..
laurel f. an affection of the same nature as hay f., occurring at the time of flowering of laurel.
malarial f. malaria.
malignant tertian f. SYN: falciparum malaria.
Malta f. SYN: brucellosis.
Manchurian f. a f. closely resembling typhus that prevails from September to December in South Manchuria; the probable pathogen is Rickettsia manchuriae.
Manchurian hemorrhagic f. SYN: Korean hemorrhagic f..
Marseilles f. SYN: Mediterranean spotted f..
marsh f. SYN: malaria.
Mediterranean f. 1. SYN: brucellosis. 2. SYN: familial paroxysmal polyserositis.
Mediterranean erythematous f. a form of Mediterranean spotted f. that causes skin redness; its course and other symptoms may be similar to those of Mediterranean exanthematous f.. See Rickettsia conorii.
Mediterranean exanthematous f. See boutonneuse f..
Mediterranean spotted f. tick-borne infection with Rickettsia conorii seen in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and India and known by different names in different areas, e.g., Marseilles f., Crimean f., Indian tick typhus, and Kenya f.. Two forms are Mediterranean exanthematous f. (q.v.), which manifests as skin eruptions, and Mediterranean erythematous f. (q.v.), which manifests as skin redness. See Rickettsia conorii. SYN: boutonneuse f., Crimean f., eruptive f., fièvre boutonneuse, Indian tick typhus, Kenya f., Marseilles f., tick typhus.
meningotyphoid f. typhoid f. marked by symptoms of irritation or inflammation of the cerebral or spinal meninges.
metal fume f. SYN: brass founder's f..
Mexican spotted f. SYN: Rocky Mountain spotted f..
miliary f. 1. an infectious disease characterized by profuse sweating and the production of sudamina, occurring formerly in severe epidemics; 2. SYN: miliaria.
milk f. 1. a slight elevation of temperature following childbirth, said to be due to the establishment of the secretion of milk, but probably the same as absorption f.; 2. an afebrile metabolic disease, occurring shortly after parturition in dairy cattle, characterized by hypocalcemia and manifested by loss of consciousness and general paralysis.
mill f. SYN: byssinosis.
miniature scarlet f. a reaction consisting of f., nausea, vomiting, and a transient scarlatiniform rash that appears in a susceptible person when injected with the toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes. [L. minio, pp. atus, to color with minium, red-lead]
monoleptic f. a continued f. having but one paroxysm. Cf.:polyleptic f..
Mossman f. a f., noted especially among sugar-cane cutters in the Mossman District of North Queensland, caused by a leptospira.
mud f. a leptospirosis caused by the grippotyphosa serovar of Leptospira interrogans;
mumu f. samoan term for elephantoid f..
nanukayami f. a form of leptospirosis known in Japan and caused by a leptospira normally found in the field mouse or vole. SYN: nanukayami.
nine mile f. SYN: Q f..
nodal f. SYN: erythema nodosum.
North Queensland tick f. a mild form of tick-borne typhus with eschar, adenopathy, rash, and f., caused by Rickettsia australis and thought to be transmitted by the tick, Ixodes holocyclus.
Omsk hemorrhagic f. a form of epidemic hemorrhagic f. found in central Russia, caused by the Omsk hemorrhagic f. virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, and transmitted by Dermacentor ticks; associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and hemorrhages but little or no central nervous system involvement.
o'nyong-nyong f. a denguelike disease caused by the o'nyong-nyong virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by a mosquito, characterized by joint pains and notable lymphadenopathy followed by a maculopapular eruption of the face which extends to the trunk and extremities but fades in several days without desquamation.
Oropouche f. acute febrile illness caused by a species of Bunyavirus.
Oroya f. a generalized, acute, febrile, endemic, and systemic form of bartonellosis; marked by high f., rheumatic pains, progressive, severe anemia, and albuminuria. SYN: Carrión disease.
Pahvant Valley f. SYN: tularemia.
paludal f. SYN: malaria.
pappataci f. SYN: phlebotomus f..
paratyphoid f. an acute infectious disease with symptoms and lesions resembling those of typhoid f., though milder in character; associated with the presence of the paratyphoid organism of which at least three varieties (types A, B, and C) have been described. SYN: paratyphoid.
parenteric f. one of a group of fevers clinically resembling typhoid and paratyphoid A and B, but caused by bacteria differing specifically from those of either of these diseases.
parrot f. SYN: psittacosis.
Pel-Ebstein f. the remittent f. common in Hodgkin disease. SYN: Pel-Ebstein disease.
periodic f. an obsolete term introduced to describe the intermittent febrile episodes seen in disease later recognized and named familial Mediterranean f..
Persian relapsing f. a tick-borne relapsing f., occurring in the Middle East, caused by Borrelia persica and transmitted by Ornithodoros tholozani and possibly by Ornithodoros lahorensis.
pharyngoconjunctival f. a disease usually occurring in epidemic form characterized by f., pharyngitis, and conjunctivitis, and caused by several types of adenoviruses.
Philippine hemorrhagic f. severe arbovirus infection with hemorrhagic manifestations, considerable mortality, probably due to mosquito borne dengue virus; seen in tropical and subtropical urban areas of southeast Asia, South Pacific, Australia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean islands.
phlebotomus f. an infectious but not contagious disease occurring in the Balkan Peninsula and other parts of southern Europe, caused by several viruses in the family Bunyaviridae apparently introduced by the bite of the sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasii; symptoms resemble those of dengue but are less severe and of shorter duration. SYN: dog disease, pappataci f., Pym f., sandfly f., three-day f..
pinta f. a term used in Mexico for Rocky Mountain spotted f..
polka f. SYN: dengue.
polyleptic f. a f. occurring in two or more paroxysms; e.g., smallpox, relapsing f., intermittent f.. Cf.:monoleptic f..
polymer fume f. an occupational disease marked by f., pain in the chest, and cough caused by the inhalation of fumes given off by a plastic, polytetrafluorethylene, when heated.
pretibial f. a mild disease first observed among military personnel at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, characterized by f., moderate prostration, splenomegaly, and a rash on the anterior aspects of the legs; due to the autumnalis serovar of Leptospira interrogans. SYN: Fort Bragg f..
protein f. f. produced by the injection of foreign protein, such as milk.
puerperal f. postpartum sepsis with a rise in f. after the first 24 hours following delivery, but before the eleventh postpartum day. SYN: childbed f., puerperal sepsis.
Pym f. SYN: phlebotomus f..
pyogenic f. SYN: pyemia.
Q f. a disease caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii, which is propagated in sheep and cattle, where it produces no symptoms; human infections occur as a result of contact not only with such animals but also with other infected humans, air and dust, wild reservoir hosts, and other sources. SYN: nine mile f.. [Q, for “query,” so named because etiologic agent was unknown]
quartan f. SYN: malariae malaria.
quintan f. SYN: trench f..
quotidian f. SYN: quotidian malaria.
rabbit f. SYN: tularemia.
rat-bite f. a single designation for two bacterial diseases associated with rat bites, one caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis ( e.g., Haverhill f.), the other by Spirillum minus ( e.g., sodoku); both diseases are characterized by relapsing f., chills, headache, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, and a maculopapular rash on the extremities. SYN: rat-bite disease, sodoku, sokosho.
recrudescent typhus f. SYN: Brill-Zinsser disease.
recurrent f. SYN: relapsing f..
red f., red f. of the Congo SYN: murine typhus.
relapsing f. an acute infectious disease caused by any one of a number of strains of Borrelia, marked by a number of febrile attacks lasting about 6 days and separated from each other by apyretic intervals of about the same length; the microorganism is found in the blood during the febrile periods but not during the intervals, the disappearance being associated with specific antibodies and previously evoked antibodies. There are two epidemiologic varieties: 1) the louse-borne variety, occurring chiefly in Europe, northern Africa, and India, and caused by strains of B. recurrentis; 2) the tick-borne variety, occurring in Africa, Asia, and North and South America, caused by various species of Borrelia, each of which is transmitted by a different species of the soft tick, Ornithodoros. SYN: bilious typhoid of Griesinger, recurrent f., spirillum f., typhinia.
remittent f. a f. pattern in which temperature varies during each 24 hour period, but never reaches normal. Most fevers are remittent and the pattern is not characteristic of any disease, although in the 19th century it was considered a diagnostic term.
remittent malarial f. remittent malaria.
rheumatic f. a subacute febrile syndrome occurring after group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection (usually pharyngitis) and mediated by an immune response to the organism; most often seen in children and young adults; features include f., myocarditis (causing tachycardia and sometimes acute cardiac failure), endocarditis (with valvular incompetence, followed after healing by scarring), and migratory polyarthritis; less often, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and Syndenham chorea; relapses can occur after reinfection with streptococci.Criteria for diagnosis of acute rheumatic f. were published by Jones in 1944. Regimens for prevention of initial and recurring attacks, and guidelines for treatment, have remained essentially unchanged for decades. Although acute rheumatic f. has ceased to be a major public health problem in the U.S., the incidence is still high in developing countries. In India, for example, where medical services have failed to keep pace with urbanization and industrialization, 250,000 new cases are diagnosed in school children annually. The incidence of rheumatic f. in the U.S., which had declined steadily for several decades after antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) became standard, began rising again in the late 1980s and 1990s, with some urban clusters showing a 10-fold increase in incidence. Historically, rheumatic f. is a disease of children in lower socioeconomic strata. In a number of recent clusters, most of the victims were adults, and when children have been involved, they have often belonged to middle- and upper-class families. As many as 75% of patients denied any history of recent sore throat, and some of those who had been diagnosed with preceding strep throat had been treated with antibiotics. Cardiac and articular manifestations of rheumatic f. are considered autoimmune phenomena, due to a postulated rheumatogenic factor that has never been isolated. Pathogenicity in streptococci is known to be associated with the presence of an M protein in the cell membrane, which is also responsible for the appearance of a surface fuzz on microscopic examination of organisms, and the production of mucoid colonies on blood agar. Organisms implicated in several recent clusters of rheumatic f. have belonged to mucoid strains, particularly serotypes M 3 and M 18. Widespread antibiotic use in recent years, not all of it appropriate or justified by current medical knowledge, may have led to the resurgence of rheumatic f. by favoring the rise and spread of virulent strains of streptococcus, or by reducing the ability of certain populations to mount an immune response against them. Infectious disease authorities are currently reevaluating the diagnosis and management of streptococcal infection, particularly with respect to rapid slide tests and to drug regimens approved for use in the treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and hence in the prophylaxis of rheumatic f.. See Jones criteria, under criterion.
rice-field f. a febrile illness affecting workers in rice fields, reported in Po valley in Italy and in Sumatra, caused by infection with a species of Leptospira.
Rift Valley f. a fatal endemic disease of sheep, caused by Rift Valley f. virus, a member of the family Bunyaviridae, which is also pathogenic for humans and cattle, producing in humans f. of an undifferentiated type; transmitted by mosquitoes and direct contact. [Rift Valley in Kenya]
Rocky Mountain spotted f. an acute infectious disease of high mortality, characterized by frontal and occipital headache, intense lumbar pain, malaise, a moderately high continuous f., and a rash on wrists, palms, ankles, and soles from the second to the fifth day, later spreading to all parts of the body; it occurs in the spring of the year primarily in the southeastern U.S. and the Rocky Mountain region, although it is also endemic elsewhere in the U.S., in parts of Canada, in Mexico, and in South America; the pathogenic organism is Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by two or more tick species of the genus Dermacentor; in the U.S. it is spread by D. andersoni in the western states and D. variabilis (a dog tick) in the eastern states. SYN: black f., black measles (2) , blue disease, blue f., Mexican spotted f., São Paulo f., Tobia f..
Roman f. malignant tertian, falciparum, or aestivoautumnal f., formerly prevalent in the Roman Campagna and in the city of Rome; caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
Ross River f. SYN: epidemic polyarthritis.
sakushu f. SYN: hasamiyami.
Salinem f. infection with Leptospira pyrogenes, reported in Salinem. SYN: Salinem infection.
salt f. elevated temperature in an infant, following a rectal injection of a salt solution. SEE ALSO: thirst f..
sandfly f. SYN: phlebotomus f..
San Joaquin f. SYN: primary coccidioidomycosis.
San Joaquin Valley f. SYN: primary coccidioidomycosis.
São Paulo f. SYN: Rocky Mountain spotted f..
scarlet f. SYN: scarlatina.
Schamberg f. SYN: progressive pigmentary dermatosis.
Sennetsu f. a disease of humans in western Japan caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia sennetsu and characterized by f., malaise, anorexia, backache, and lymphadenopathy.
septic f. SYN: septicemia.
seven-day f. 1. SYN: autumn f. (1) . 2. SYN: hasamiyami.
shin bone f. SYN: trench f..
ship f. SYN: typhus.
shoddy f. febrile disease occurring in workers in shoddy factories, with cough, dyspnea and headache, caused by inhalation of dust.
simian hemorrhagic f. a highly fatal disease of macaque monkeys caused by the simian hemorrhagic f. virus and characterized by f., facial edema, anorexia, adipsia, skin petechiae, diarrhea, hemorrhages, and death.
Sindbis f. a febrile illness of humans in Africa, Australia, and other countries, characterized by arthralgia, rash, and malaise; caused by the Sindbis virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by culicine mosquitoes.
slime f. leptospiral infection with jaundice, presumably infection by Leptospira icterohemorrhagica.
slow f. a continued f. of long duration.
smelter's f. metal fume f., occurring in workers in zinc smelters. SYN: smelter's chills, smelter's shakes.
snail f. SYN: schistosomiasis.
solar f. 1. SYN: dengue. 2. SYN: sunstroke.
Songo f. SYN: epidemic hemorrhagic f..
South African tick-bite f. a typhuslike f. of South Africa caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and usually characterized by primary eschar and regional adenitis, rigors, and maculopapular rash on the fifth day, often with severe central nervous system symptoms.
spirillum f. SYN: relapsing f..
spotted f. tick typhus caused by Rickettsia rickettsii in North and South America and Siberia.
steroid f. f. presumably caused by elevated plasma concentrations of certain pyrogenic steroids; can be produced by administration of etiocholanolone.
symptomatic f. SYN: traumatic f..
syphilitic f. the elevation of temperature often present in the early roseolous stage of secondary syphilis.
tertian f. SYN: vivax malaria.
therapeutic f. SYN: pyrotherapy.
thermic f. SYN: heatstroke.
thirst f. an elevation of temperature in infants after reduction of fluid intake, diarrhea, or vomiting; probably caused by reduced available body water, with reduced heat loss by evaporation; an analogous condition in adults is seen when exertion is continued in the face of dehydration. SYN: dehydration f., exsiccation f., inanition f..
three-day f. SYN: phlebotomus f..
Tobia f. SYN: Rocky Mountain spotted f..
traumatic f. elevation of temperature following an injury. SYN: symptomatic f., wound f..
trench f. an uncommon rickettsial f. caused by Bartonella quintana and transmitted by the louse Pediculus humanus, first appearing as an epidemic during the trench warfare of World War I; characterized by the sudden onset of chills and f., myalgia (especially of the back and legs), headache, and general malaise that typically lasts 5 days but may recur. SYN: five-day f., quintan f., shin bone f..
trypanosome f. the febrile stage of sleeping sickness.
tsutsugamushi f. SYN: tsutsugamushi disease.
typhoid f. an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi and characterized by a continued f. rising in a steplike curve the first week, severe physical and mental depression, an eruption of rose-colored spots on the chest and abdomen, tympanites, early constipation, diarrhea, and sometimes intestinal hemorrhage or perforation of the bowel; average duration is 4 weeks, although aborted forms and relapses are not uncommon; the lesions are located chiefly in the lymph follicles of the intestines (Peyer patches), the mesenteric glands, and the spleen; antibody titer of the Widal test rises during the infection, and early positive blood and urine cultures become negative, usually results in immunity. SYN: abdominal typhoid, enteric f. (1) , typhoid (2) .
undifferentiated type fevers a term applied to illnesses resulting from infection by any virus, that was formerly in the arbovirus group, pathogenic for humans, in which the only constant manifestation is f.; rash, lymphadenopathy, or arthralgia (alone or in combination) may occur in some individuals but not in others; some viruses may induce infections in which undifferentiated type f. is the only manifestation, whereas other viruses may induce in some persons only undifferentiated f., and in other persons similar f. followed by secondary manifestations, e.g., a hemorrhagic f. or encephalitis.
undulant f. SYN: brucellosis. [referring to the wavy appearance of the long temperature curve]
undulating f. SYN: brucellosis.
f. of unknown origin the presence of f. (temperature >101°F or 38.3°C) of unknown cause after intensive investigation. Exact criteria for use of term vary, especially regarding duration of f. and extent of clinical investigation; generally a duration of greater than 1 week (some authors require 2–3 weeks) and thorough inpatient investigation or at least three outpatient visits, including a careful history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as cultures, serologic studies, and invasive procedures for biopsy and/or culture, as indicated by clinical clues or epidemiological considerations.
urethral f. SYN: urinary f..
urinary f. an elevation of temperature, usually slight and transitory, following catheterization of the urethra, or the passage of blood clots, gravel, or a calculus. SYN: catheter f., urethral f..
urticarial f. SYN: schistosomiasis japonica.
uveoparotid f. chronic enlargement of the parotid glands and inflammation of the uveal tract accompanied by a long-continued f. of low degree; now recognized as a form of sarcoidosis. SYN: Heerfordt disease.
Uzbekistan hemorrhagic f. a viral f. in central Asia probably transmitted by Hyalomma anatolicum.
valley f. SYN: primary coccidioidomycosis.
Venezuelan hemorrhagic f. a febrile disease caused by the Guanarito virus in Venezuela and characterized by headache, arthralgia, pharyngitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic manifestations.
viral hemorrhagic f. an epidemic disease, and associated with f., malaise, muscular pain, respiratory tract symptoms, vomiting, and diarrhea; epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis, and subconjunctival hemorrhages occur in severe cases, and body rash and tremors occur in some instances; a disease caused by a number of different viruses in the families Arenoviridae, Bunyviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, etc. SEE ALSO: hemorrhagic f..
vivax f. SYN: vivax malaria.
Wesselsbron f. a mosquito-borne disease of sheep and humans caused by the Wesselsbron disease virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, and characterized by abortion and lamb mortality in sheep and by f., headache, muscular pains, and mild rash in humans. SYN: Wesselsbron disease. [Wesselsbron, town in South Africa where causative agent first isolated]
West African f. SYN: malarial hemoglobinuria.
West Nile f. a febrile illness caused by West Nile virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, and characterized by headache, f., maculopapular rash, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia; spread by Culex mosquitoes from a reservoir in birds.
wound f. SYN: traumatic f..
Yangtze Valley f. SYN: schistosomiasis japonica.
yellow f. a tropical mosquito-borne viral hepatitis, due to yellow f. virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, with an urban form transmitted by Aedes aegypti, and a rural, jungle, or sylvatic form from tree-dwelling mammals by various mosquitoes of the Haemagogus species complex; characterized clinically by f., slow pulse, albuminuria, jaundice, congestion of the face, and hemorrhages, especially hematemesis; used to occur in epidemics mainly in port cities, especially in late summer, with 20–40% case fatality rates; immunity to reinfection accompanies recovery.
Zika f. an acute disease, probably transmitted by mosquitoes, clinically resembling dengue; caused by Zika virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae.
zinc fume f. SYN: brass founder's f..

feverish
feverish (fe′ver-ish)

1. SYN: febrile. 2. Having a fever.

FF
FF

Abbreviation for filtration fraction.

FFA
FFA

Abbreviation for unesterified free fatty acid.

FFP
FFP

Abbreviation for fresh frozen plasma.

F.F.R.
F.F.R.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Faculty of Radiologists (United Kingdom).

FGAR
FGAR

Abbreviation for N-formylglycinamide ribotide.

FH4
FH₄

Abbreviation for tetrahydrofolic acid. See 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase.

fiber
fiber (fi′ber) [TA]

A slender thread or filament. 1. Extracellular filamentous structures such as collagenic or elastic connective tissue fibers. 2. The nerve cell axon with its glial cell or Schwann cell envelope. 3. Elongated, hence threadlike, cells such as muscle cells and the epithelial cells composing the major part of the eye lens. 4. Nutrients in the diet that are not digested by gastrointestinal enzymes. SYN: fibra [TA] , fibre. [L. fibra]
A fibers myelinated nerve fibers in somatic nerves, measuring 1–22 μm in diameter, conducting nerve impulses at a rate of 6–120 m/sec.
accelerator fibers postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers originating in the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, conveying nervous impulses to the heart that increase the rapidity and force of the cardiac pulsations. SYN: augmentor fibers.
adrenergic fibers nerve f.'s that transmit nervous impulses to other nerve cells (or smooth muscle or gland cells) by the medium of the adrenalinelike transmitter substance norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
afferent fibers those that convey impulses to a ganglion or to a nerve center in the brain or spinal cord.
alpha fibers large somatic motor or proprioceptive nerve fibers with conducting impulses at rates of 80–120 m/sec.
anastomosing fibers, anastomotic fibers individual fibers passing from one nerve trunk or muscle bundle to another.
anterior external arcuate fibers [TA] See external arcuate fibers.
arcuate fibers nervous or tendinous fibers passing in the form of an arch from one part to another. See arcuate fibers of cerebrum, external arcuate fibers, internal arcuate fibers.
arcuate fibers of cerebrum [TA] short association fibers that connect adjacent gyri in the cerebral cortex. SYN: fibrae arcuatae cerebri [TA] .
argyrophilic fibers reticular connective tissue fibers that react with silver salts and appear black microscopically.
association fibers nerve fibers interconnecting subdivisions of the cerebral cortex of the same hemisphere or different segments of the spinal cord on the same side. SYN: endogenous fibers, intrinsic fibers.
astral fibers fibers (fibrils) radiating from the centrosphere toward the periphery of the cell as seen with a light microscope; revealed as microtubules under the electron microscope. Cf.:kinetochore fibers, polar fibers.
augmentor fibers SYN: accelerator fibers.
autonomic nerve fibers [TA] any of the pre- and/or postsynapatic nerve fibers that collectively comprise the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system. SYN: neurofibrae autonomicae [TA] , visceral motor fibers.
B fibers myelinated fibers autonomic nerves, with a diameter of 2 μm or less, conducting at a rate of 3–15 m/sec.
Bergmann fibers filamentous glia fibers traversing the cerebellar cortex perpendicular to the surface.
beta fibers nerve fibers that have conduction velocities of 40–70 m/sec.
bulbar corticonuclear fibers [TA] nerve fibers projecting from the motor and somatic sensory cortices to motor and sensory relay nuclei of the medulla oblongata, such as the hypoglossal nucleus, accessory nucleus and gracile and cuneate nuclei. See corticonuclear fibers. SYN: fibrae corticonucleares bulbi [TA] .
C fibers unmyelinated fibers, 0.4–1.2 μm in diameter, conducting nerve impulses at a velocity of 0.7–2.3 m/sec.
cerebellohypothalamic fibers nerve fibers originating from cells of the cerebellar nuclei and projecting, via the superior cerebellar peduncle, to the contralateral hypothalamus, mainly its dorsal, lateral, and posterior areas and dorsomedial nucleus.
cerebelloolivary fibers [TA] axons that arise from neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, exit via the superior cerebellar peduncle, cross in its decussation, and descend in association with the central tegmental tract. Depending of their origin, these fibers terminate in the accessory and principal olivary nuclei; anterior and posterior interposed nuclei to the dorsal accessory and medial accessory olivary nuclei respectively, the medial cerebellar nucleus to the medial accessory olivary nucleus, and the lateral cerebellar nucleus to the principal olivary nucleus. SYN: fibrae cerebelloolivares [TA] .
cerebellospinal fibers fibers that originate from the fastigial and interposed (primarily the posterior) cerebellar nuclei and descend to the contralateral side of the spinal cord. See fastigiospinal fibers. SEE ALSO: fastigiospinal fibers.
cholinergic fibers nerve fibers that transmit impulses to other nerve cells, muscle fibers, or gland cells by the medium of the transmitter substance acetylcholine.
chromatic f. SYN: chromonema.
circular fibers the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle. SYN: fibrae circulares [TA] , Müller fibers (1) , Müller muscle (2) , Rouget muscle.
climbing fibers nerve fibers in the cerebellar cortex that synapse upon smooth branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites.
collagen f., collagenous f. an individual f. that varies in diameter from less than 1 μm to about 12 μm and is composed of fibrils; the fibers' which are usually arranged in bundles, undergo some branching and are of indefinite length; chemically the f. is a glycoprotein, collagen, which yields gelatin upon boiling; they make up the principal element of irregular connective tissue, tendons, aponeuroses, and most ligaments, and occur in the matrix of cartilage and osseous tissue. SYN: white f. (2) .
commissural fibers nerve fibers crossing the midline and connecting two corresponding parts or regions of the nervous system.
cone f. a part of the cone cell of the retina; the inner cone f. is a slender axon-like part of the cone extending from the cell body to the pedicle located in the outer plexiform layer of the retina; in the outer fovea, where the cones are much elongated, they narrow to an outer cone f., located between the inner segment and the cell body.
corticobulbar fibers term formerly used to describe projections of the motor and sensory cortices to nuclei of the rhombencephalon innervating the musculature of the face, tongue, and jaws and some fibers to rhombencephalic relay nuclei; replaced by bullar corticonuclear fibers (to medulla), pontine corticonuclear fibers (to pons), mesencephalic corticonuclear fibers (to midbrain). See these individual entries.
corticomesencephalic fibers [TA] axons that originate in the cerebral cortex and terminate in mesencephalic structures such as the tectum, substantia nigra, or tegmentum. SYN: fibrae corticomesencephalicae [TA] .
corticonuclear fibers descriptive term connotating fibers from a cortical structure (cerebral or cerebellar) passing to subcortical cell groups; fibers comprising the fibrae corticonucleares bulbi [TA], fibrae corticonucleares pontis [TA] and fibrae corticonucleares mesencephali [TA]; cerebellar corticonuclear fibers (Purkinje cell axons to the cerebellar nuclei). SYN: fibrae corticonucleares [TA] .
corticopontine fibers [TA] the fibers that compose the corticopontine tract. SYN: fibrae corticopontinae [TA] .
corticoreticular fibers [TA] corticofugal fibers distributed to the reticular formation of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. SEE ALSO: corticonuclear fibers. SYN: fibrae corticoreticulares [TA] .
corticorubral fibers [TA] nerve fibers projecting from the cerebral cortex (primarily precentral and premotor regions) to the red nucleus of the midbrain. SYN: fibrae corticorubrales [TA] .
corticospinal fibers [TA] SYN: pyramidal fibers.
corticothalamic fibers a general term designating nerve fibers originating from any area of the cerebral cortex and terminating in the nuclei of the thalamus.
cuneocerebellar fibers [TA] SYN: cuneocerebellar tract.
cuneospinal fibers [TA] axons that originate in the cuneate nucleus of the medulla oblongata and descend ipsilaterally in the cuneate fasciculus to terminate primarily in the posterior horn of the spinal cord in cervical and upper thoracic levels. SYN: fibrae cuneospinales [TA] .
delta fibers nerve fibers with conduction velocities in the range of 8–30 m/sec.
dentatorubral fibers nerve fibers arising in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and projecting, via the superior cerebellar peduncle and its decussation, to the contralateral red nucleus of the midbrain. SYN: fibrae dentatorubrales.
dentatothalamic fibers nerve fibers projecting from the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum to the contralateral thalamus via the superior cerebellar peduncle (and its decussation); enter the thalamus as one component of the thalamic fasciculus.
dentinal fibers, dental fibers 1. the processes of the pulpal cells, the odontoblasts, which extend in radial fashion through the dentin to the dentoenamel junction and are contained within the dentinal tubules; SYN: Tomes fibers. 2. the intertubular fine collagenous fibers that with the dentinal ground substance infiltrated with calcium salts constitutes the dentinal matrix.
depressor fibers sensory nerve fibers having pressure-sensitive nerve endings in the wall of certain arteries capable of activating blood pressure-lowering brainstem mechanisms when stimulated by an increase in intraarterial pressure.
dietary f. the plant polysaccharides and lignin that are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes in humans.
efferent fibers those fibers conveying impulses to effector tissues (muscle: smooth, cardiac or striated; or glands) in the periphery; those fibers exiting a specific cell group ( i.e., efferent fibers of the basilar pons), used in reference to a cell group.
elastic fibers fibers that are 0.2–2 μm in diameter but may be larger in some ligaments; they branch and anastomose to form networks and fuse to form fenestrated membranes; the fibers and membranes consist of microfibrils about 10 nm wide and an amorphous substance containing elastin. SYN: yellow fibers.
enamel fibers SYN: prismata adamantina, under prisma.
endogenous fibers SYN: association fibers.
exogenous fibers nerve fibers by which a given region of the central nervous system is connected with other regions; the term applies to both afferent and efferent f. connections.
external arcuate fibers they include: 1) posterior external arcuate fibers [TA] that arise from cells in the accessory or lateral cuneate nucleus and pass to the cerebellum; 2) anterior external arcuate fibers [TA] that arise from the arcuate nuclei at the base of the medulla oblongata and pass around the lateral surface of the medulla; both enter the cerebellum as components of the restiform portion of the inferior cerebellar peduncle. SYN: fibrae arcuatae externae.
fastigiobulbar fibers nerve fibers projecting from the fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum to the brainstem; crossed and uncrossed fibers that terminate mainly in the vestibular and reticular nuclei, and in the medial accessory olivary nucleus.
fastigiospinal fibers crossed descending fibers originating in the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum and ending in the spinal cord gray matter at cervical, and possibly lower, levels.
frontopontine fibers [TA] a large group of fibers arising from the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, especially the precentral gyrus, descending in the internal capsule, farther caudally composing the medial part of the crus cerebri through which they extend caudalward to end in the gray matter (pontine nuclei) of the ventral part of the pons. SEE ALSO: corticopontine tract. SYN: fibrae frontopontinae [TA] .
gamma fibers nerve fibers that have a conduction rate of 15–40 m/sec. SEE ALSO: gamma efferent.
Gerdy fibers SYN: superficial transverse metacarpal ligament.
gracilespinal fibers [TA] axons that arise from neurons of the gracile nucleus of the medulla oblongata and descend ipsilaterally in the gracile fasciculus to terminate primarily in the posterior horn of the spinal cord in lower thoracic and lumbosacral levels. SYN: fibrae gracilispinales [TA] .
Gratiolet fibers SYN: optic radiation.
gray fibers SYN: unmyelinated fibers.
hypothalamocerebellar fibers nerve fibers originating from cells in the hypothalamus and projecting to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei.
hypothalamospinal fibers [TA] a group of fibers that originates primarily from the paraventricular nucleus and lateral and posterior hypothalamic areas, descends ipsilaterally through the ventrolateral brainstem and into the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, and terminates in relation to neurons of the intermediolateral nucleus. SYN: fibrae hypothalamospinales [TA] .
inhibitory fibers nerve fibers that inhibit the activity of the nerve cells with which they have synaptic connections, or of the effector tissue (smooth muscle, heart muscle, glands) in which they terminate.
intercolumnar fibers SYN: intercrural fibers of superficial ring.
intercrural fibers of superficial ring [TA] horizontal arched fibers that pass from the inguinal ligament across the medial and lateral crura of the superficial inguinal ring. SYN: fibrae intercrurales anuli inguinalis superficialis [TA] , intercolumnar fasciae, intercolumnar fibers.
internal arcuate fibers [TA] fibers that arise in the cuneate and gracile nuclei, pass in a curving course across the midline of the medulla oblongata, and form the contralateral medial lemniscus; may also designate other fibers such as those of the olivocerebellar tract that arch through the substance of the medulla and may traverse the sensory decussation. SYN: fibrae arcuatae internae [TA] .
intrafusal fibers muscle fibers present within a neuromuscular spindle.
intrathalamic fibers [TA] fibers that arise in one nucleus of the dorsal thalamus and terminate in another. SYN: fibrae intrathalamicae [TA] .
intrinsic fibers SYN: association fibers.
James fibers atrio-His bundle connections thought to be the basis for the short P-R interval syndrome; these fibers should be distinguished from the controversial internodal tracts of the atrium, sometimes referred to as “James tracts.” SYN: James tracts.
kinetochore fibers fibers of the mitotic spindle attached to the centromere and extending toward the poles. Cf.:astral fibers, polar fibers.
Korff fibers argyrophilic fibers that pass between odontoblasts at the periphery of the dental pulp and fan out into the dentin.
Kühne f. artificial muscle f. made by filling the intestine of an insect with a growth of myxomycetes; used to demonstrate the contractility of protoplasm.
fibers of lens the elongated cells of ectodermal origin forming the substance of the crystalline lens of the eye. SYN: fibrae lentis.
long association fibers [TA] nerve fibers interconnecting lobes or gyri of the cerebral cortex of the same hemisphere that are not immediately adjacent to each other; nerve fibers connecting noncontiguous segments of the spinal cord on the same side; fibers that interconnect distant points. SYN: fibrae associationes longae [TA] .
longitudinal pontine fibers [TA] See longitudinal pontine fasciculi, under fasciculus. SYN: fibrae pontis longitudinales [TA] .
Mahaim fibers paraspecific fibers originating from the A-V node, the His bundle, or the bundle branches and inserting into the ventricular myocardium; they are potential pathways for reentrant dysrhythmias. SYN: nodoventricular fibers.
medullated nerve f. SYN: myelinated nerve f..
meridional fibers of ciliary muscle [TA] the longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle. SYN: fibrae meridionales muscularis ciliaris [TA] .
mesencephalic corticonuclear fibers [TA] nerve fibers projecting primarily from the motor cortex to motor nuclei of the mesencephalon such as the oculomotor and trochlear; these inputs are relayed via nuclei located adjacent to these motor nuclei. See corticonuclear fibers. SYN: fibrae corticonucleares mesencephali [TA] .
mossy fibers highly branched nerve f.'s in the cerebellar cortex that terminate in rosette formations and synapse upon granule cell dendrites.
motor fibers nerve fibers that transmit impulses that activate effector cells, e.g., in muscle or gland tissue.
Müller fibers 1. SYN: circular fibers. 2. sustentacular neuroglial cells of the retina, running through the thickness of the retina from the internal limiting membrane to the bases of the rods and cones where they form a row of junctional complexes. SYN: Müller radial cells, sustentacular fibers of retina.
myelinated nerve f. an axon enveloped by a myelin sheath formed by oligodendroglia cells (in brain and spinal cord) or Schwann cells (in peripheral nerves). SYN: medullated nerve f..
Nélaton fibers SYN: Nélaton sphincter.
nerve f. the axon of a nerve cell, ensheathed by oligodendroglia cells in brain and spinal cord, and by Schwann cells in peripheral nerves.
nodoventricular fibers SYN: Mahaim fibers.
nonmedullated fibers SYN: unmyelinated fibers.
nuclear bag f. the largest type of intrafusal muscle fibers in a neuromuscular spindle, containing a central aggregation of nuclei (nuclear bag).
nuclear chain f. the shortest and most numerous type of intrafusal muscle fibers in a neuromuscular spindle, containing a single row of centrally positioned nuclei.
nucleocortical fibers general term for projections from a nucleus to an overlying cortical structure; specifically used to designate axons of cerebellar nuclear cells that project to the cerebellar cortex (cerebellar nucleocortical fibers) where they end as mossy fibers.
oblique fibers of muscular layer of stomach [TA] the smooth muscle fibers of the innermost layer of the muscular coat of the stomach; the fibers occur chiefly at the cardiac end of the stomach and spread over the anterior and posterior surfaces. SYN: fibrae obliquae tunicae muscularis [TA] .
occipitopontine fibers [TA] a group of fibers originating in the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere and descending in the internal capsule and lateral part of the crus cerebri to the pontine nuclei of the basilar part of the pons. SEE ALSO: corticopontine tract. SYN: fibrae occipitopontinae [TA] .
occipitotectal fibers [TA] fibers originating in visual regions of the occipital lobe and passing, via the retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule, to the tectum where they end mainly in the superior colliculus. SYN: fibrae occipitotectales [TA] .
olivocochlear fibers See olivocochlear tract.
olivospinal fibers a slender bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral zone of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, composed, more likely, of spinoolivary fibers than of olivospinal fibers. SYN: fibrae olivospinales [TA] , Helwig bundle.
osteocollagenous fibers fine collagenous fibers in the matrix of osseous tissue.
osteogenetic fibers the fibers in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum.
parietopontine fibers [TA] a system of fibers originating in the parietal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere that descend in the internal capsule and lateral part of the crus cerebri to terminate in the pontine nuclei in the ventral part of the pons. SEE ALSO: corticopontine tract. SYN: fibrae parietopontinae [TA] .
pectinate fibers SYN: pectinate muscles, under muscle.
perforating fibers bundles of collagenous fibers that pass into the outer circumferential lamellae of bone or the cementum of teeth. SYN: Sharpey fibers.
periodontal f. desmodentium.
periodontal ligament fibers SYN: desmodentium.
periventricular fibers [TA] a heterogeneous system of thin nerve fibers in the periventricular gray matter of the hypothalamus; the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is a caudal continuation of the system. SYN: fibrae periventriculares [TA] .
pilomotor fibers nerve fibers that innervate the erector muscles of hair follicles responsible for piloerection.
polar fibers those fibers of the mitotic spindle extending from the two poles of the spindle toward the equator. Cf.:astral fibers, kinetochore fibers.
pontine corticonuclear fibers [TA] nerve fibers projecting from the motor and sensory cortices to motor and sensory relay nuclei in the pontine tegmentum such as the facial, abducens, and trigeminal nuclei; fibers may be direct or relayed via the adjacent reticular nuclei. See corticonuclear fibers. SYN: fibrae corticonucleares pontis [TA] .
pontocerebellar fibers [TA] fibers arising from the nuclei of the basilar pons and primarily crossing the midline (there is a modes uncrossed projection), centering the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle and terminating as mossy fibers in the cerebellar cortex. SYN: fibrae pontocerebellares [TA] .
postcommissural fibers [TA] fibers in the column of fornix that pass caudal (posterior) to the anterior commissure to enter the mammillary nuclei; the largest part of the column of fornix. SYN: fibrae postcommissurales [TA] .
posterior external arcuate fibers [TA] See external arcuate fibers.
postganglionic fibers a f. whose cell body is located in an autonomic (motor) ganglion and whose peripheral process will terminate on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glandular epithelium; associated with sympathetic or parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.
postganglionic nerve f. [TA] See postganglionic.
precollagenous fibers immature, argyrophilic fibers.
precommissural fibers [TA] fibers in the column of fornix that pass rostral (anterior) to the anterior commissure to enter primarily the septal nuclei. SYN: fibrae precommissurales [TA] .
preganglionic fibers a f. whose cell body is located in an autonomic nucleus in the spinal cord or brain stem and whose axon terminates in an autonomic (motor) ganglion; found in nerves conveying sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers.
preganglionic nerve fibers See preganglionic. SYN: neurofibrae preganglionicae.
pressor fibers sensory nerve fibers whose stimulation causes vasoconstriction and rise of blood pressure.
pretectoolivary fibers [TA] fibers originating from the pretectal nuclei and projecting primarily to the ipsilateral medial accessory olivary nucleus. SYN: fibrae pretectoolivares [TA] .
projection fibers nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex with other centers in the brain or spinal cord; fibers arising from cells in the central nervous system that pass to distant loci.
Prussak fibers elastic and connective tissue fibers bounding the pars flaccida membranae tympani.
Purkinje fibers SYN: subendocardial branches of atrioventricular bundles, under branch.
pyramidal fibers the fibers that compose the corticospinal tract. SEE ALSO: corticospinal tract. SYN: corticospinal fibers [TA] , fibrae corticospinales [TA] , fibrae pyramidales.
raphespinal fibers nerve fibers originating from cells of the nuclei raphe magnus, pallidus, and obscurus of the pons and medulla and terminating in the spinal cord gray matter; fibers involved in the descending inhibition of nociceptive input in the dorsal (posterior) horn; they contain serotonin.
red fibers red striated muscle fibers that are rich in sarcoplasm, myoglobin, and mitochondria; they are smaller in diameter and contract more slowly than white fibers.
Reissner f. a rodlike, highly refractive f. running caudally from the subcommissural organ throughout the length of the central canal of the brainstem and spinal cord.
Remak fibers SYN: unmyelinated fibers.
reticular fibers the collagen (type III) fibers forming the distinctive loose connective tissue stroma of embryonic tissues, mesenchyme, red pulp of the spleen, cortex and medulla of lymph nodes, and the hematopoietic compartments of bone marrow and accounting for a substantial portion of the collagen fibers of the skin, blood vessels, synovial membrane, uterine tissue, and granulation tissue; characterized by organization as a reticular meshwork of fine filaments and by an affinity for silver and for periodic acid-Schiff stains.
Retzius fibers stiff fibers in Deiters cells.
rod f. a part of the rod cell of the retina that extends to either side of the cell body; the inner rod f. terminates in the spherule, a synaptic ending located in the outer plexiform layer.
Rosenthal f. an oval or elongated eosinophilic mass believed to represent a modified process of an astrocyte; seen in large numbers in certain slowly growing astrocytomas and areas of chronic reactive gliosis.
rubroolivary fibers [TA] axons that arise from cells of the parvocellular part of the red nucleus, descend ipsilaterally as one component of the central tegmental tract, and terminate primarily in the principal olivary nucleus. SYN: fibrae rubroolivares [TA] .
Sappey fibers nonstriated muscular fibers in the check ligaments of the eyeball.
Sharpey fibers SYN: perforating fibers.
short association fibers [TA] nerve fibers that may interconnect adjacent lobes or gyri of the cerebral cortex of the same hemisphere or contiguous segments of the spinal cord on the same side; fibers that interconnect close or adjacent points. SYN: fibrae associationes breves [TA] .
skeletal muscle fibers multinucleated contractile cells varying from less than 10 to 100 μm in diameter and from less than 1 mm to several centimeters in length; the f. consists of sarcoplasm and cross-striated myofibrils, which in turn consist of myofilaments; human skeletal muscles are a mixture of red, white, and intermediate type fibers.
somatic nerve fibers [TA] afferent or efferent fibers distributed outside the body cavities, i.e., to the parietes; the majority of somatic afferent fibers conduct impulses centrally stimulating conscious sensation; all somatic efferent fibers stimulate somatic (voluntary/striated/skeletal) muscle. SYN: neurofibrae somaticae [TA] .
spindle f. mitotic spindle.
spinocuneate fibers axons that originate from cells in the posterior horn of cervical and upper thoracic spinal levels, ascend ipsilaterally in the cuneate fasciculus, and terminate in the cuneate nucleus. These are part of the postsynaptic–dorsal column system. SYN: fibrae spinocuneatae [TA] .
spinogracile fibers [TA] axons that originate from neurons in the posterior horn of lower thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord levels, ascend ipsilaterally in the gracile fasciculus, and terminate in the gracile nucleus. These are part of the postsynaptic–dorsal column system. SYN: fibrae spinograciles [TA] .
spinohypothalamic fibers [TA] axons that originate in the spinal cord gray matter, ascend as part of the anterolateral system, and terminate in the hypothalamus SYN: fibrae spinohypothalamicae [TA] .
spinomesencephalic fibers [TA] a composite group of fibers traveling in the spinal lemniscus (anterolateral system) and ending in the mesencephalon; includes spinotectal fibers [TA] to the deeper layers of the superior colliculus and spinoperiaqeductal fibers [TA] that terminate in the periaqueductal gray matter. SYN: fibrae spinomesencephalicae [TA] .
spinoolivary fibers [TA] fibers that arise in the spinal cord and ascend primarily on the ipsilateral side to terminate in the accessory nuclei of the inferior olivary complex. SYN: fibrae spinoolivares [TA] .
spinoperiaqueductal fibers [TA] axons originating from cell bodies of the posterior horn, ascending as part of the contralateral anterolateral system, and terminating in the periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon; involved in descending pathways for pain suppression. SEE ALSO: spinomesencephalic fibers. SYN: fibrae spinoperiaqueductales [TA] .
spinoreticular fibers [TA] nerve fibers originating from the spinal cord and terminating in the reticular formation of the brainstem; some ascend as part of the anterolateral system. SYN: fibrae spinoreticulares [TA] , spinoreticular tract [TA] .
spinotectal fibers [TA] axons originating from cell bodies in the posterior horn, crossing in the anterior white commissure, ascending as part of the anterolateral system, and primarily terminating in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus. SEE ALSO: spinomesencephalic fibers. SYN: fibrae spinotectales [TA] .
stress fibers long bundles of microfilaments made up of actin; believed to be involved in the attachment of cultured cells to a substratum and also in the determination of the shape of cells such as fibroblasts; may be involved in cellular mobility.
striatonigral fibers SYN: strionigral fibers.
strionigral fibers nerve fibers originating from cells of the caudate and putamen and terminating mainly in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra; they utilize GABA and substance P. SYN: striatonigral fibers.
sudomotor fibers postganglionic and cholinergic sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the sweat glands.
sustentacular fibers of retina SYN: Müller fibers (2) .
T f. a f. that branches at right angles to the right and left; term used to describe the branching patterns of granular cell axons in the molecular layer of the cerebellum.
tautomeric f.s nerve fibers of the spinal cord that do not extend beyond the limits of the spinal cord segment in which they originate.
tectoolivary fibers [TA] fibers that originate in the deep layers of the superior colliculus and project primarily to the contralateral medial accessory olivary nucleus. SYN: fibrae tectoolivares [TA] .
tectopontine fibers [TA] fibers arising in the tectum of the mesencephalon and terminating in the ipsilateral nuclei of the basilar pons and in the reticulotegmental nucleus. SYN: fibrae tectopontinae [TA] .
tectoreticular fibers [TA] fibers that originate in the superior colliculus and project bilaterally to the reticular formation, primarily that of the midbrain. SYN: fibrae tectoreticulares [TA] .
temporopontine fibers [TA] a f. group originating in the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe, particularly the superior and middle temporal gyri, following the sublenticular limb of the internal capsule into the lateral margin of the crus cerebri in which it descends to its termination in the pontine nuclei in the basilar part of the pons. SEE ALSO: corticospinal tract. SYN: fibrae temporopontinae [TA] .
thalamocortical fibers a general term identifying nerve fibers arising from nuclei of the thalamus and projecting to, and terminating in, the cerebral cortex.
Tomes fibers SYN: dentinal fibers (1) .
transseptal fibers nonelastic fibers running from tooth to tooth over the crest of the alveolus.
transverse pontine fibers [TA] fibers arising from the pontine nuclei, decussate and pass into the cerebellum as the middle cerebellar peduncles. SYN: fibrae pontis transversae [TA] .
unmyelinated fibers a f. having no myelin covering (CNS); a naked axon; in the PNS represented by all axons lying in troughs in a single Schwann cell (Schwann cell unit); a slow conducting f.. SYN: gray fibers, nonmedullated fibers, Remak fibers.
vasomotor fibers postganglionic visceral efferent fibers innervating the smooth muscles of vessel walls.
visceral motor fibers SYN: autonomic nerve fibers.
Weitbrecht fibers SYN: retinaculum of articular capsule of hip.
white f. 1. white mammalian muscle fibers; larger in diameter than red fibers they have less myoglobin, sarcoplasm, and mitochondria, and contract more quickly; 2. SYN: collagen f..
yellow fibers SYN: elastic fibers.
zonular fibers [TA] delicate fibers that pass from the equator of the lens to the ciliary body, collectively known as the ciliary zonule. SYN: fibrae zonulares [TA] .

fiberoptic
fiberoptic (fi-ber-op′tik)

Pertaining to fiberoptics.

fiberoptics
fiberoptics (fi-ber-op′tiks)

optical system in which the image is conveyed by a compact bundle of small-diameter, flexible, transparent fibers.

fiberscope
fiberscope (fi′ber-skop)

SYN: flexible endoscope.

fibr- fibr-

See fibro-.

fibra
fibra, pl .fibrae (fi′bra, fi′bre) [TA]

SYN: fiber, fiber. [L.]
fibrae arcuatae cerebri [TA] SYN: arcuate fibers of cerebrum, under fiber.
fibrae arcuatae externae SYN: external arcuate fibers, under fiber.
fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores [TA] See external arcuate fibers, under fiber.
fibrae arcuatae externae posteriores [TA] See external arcuate fibers, under fiber.
fibrae arcuatae internae [TA] SYN: internal arcuate fibers, under fiber.
fibrae associationes breves [TA] SYN: short association fibers, under fiber.
fibrae associationes longae [TA] SYN: long association fibers, under fiber.
fibrae cerebelloolivares [TA] SYN: cerebelloolivary fibers, under fiber.
fibrae circulares [TA] SYN: circular fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticomesencephalicae [TA] SYN: corticomesencephalic fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticonucleares [TA] SYN: corticonuclear fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticonucleares bulbi [TA] SYN: bulbar corticonuclear fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticonucleares mesencephali [TA] SYN: mesencephalic corticonuclear fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticonucleares pontis [TA] SYN: pontine corticonuclear fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticopontinae [TA] SYN: corticopontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticoreticulares [TA] SYN: corticoreticular fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticorubrales [TA] SYN: corticorubral fibers, under fiber.
fibrae corticospinales [TA] SYN: pyramidal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae cuneocerebellares [TA] SYN: cuneocerebellar tract.
fibrae cuneospinales [TA] SYN: cuneospinal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae dentatorubrales SYN: dentatorubral fibers, under fiber. See dentatorubral fibers, under fiber.
fibrae frontopontinae [TA] SYN: frontopontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae gracilispinales [TA] SYN: gracilespinal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae hypothalamospinales [TA] SYN: hypothalamospinal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae intercrurales anuli inguinalis superficialis [TA] SYN: intercrural fibers of superficial ring, under fiber.
fibrae intrathalamicae [TA] SYN: intrathalamic fibers, under fiber.
fibrae lentis SYN: fibers of lens, under fiber.
fibrae meridionales muscularis ciliaris [TA] SYN: meridional fibers of ciliary muscle, under fiber.
fibrae obliquae tunicae muscularis [TA] SYN: oblique fibers of muscular layer of stomach, under fiber.
fibrae occipitopontinae [TA] SYN: occipitopontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae occipitotectales [TA] SYN: occipitotectal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae olivospinales [TA] SYN: olivospinal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae parietopontinae [TA] SYN: parietopontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae periventriculares [TA] SYN: periventricular fibers, under fiber.
fibrae pontis longitudinales [TA] SYN: longitudinal pontine fibers, under fiber. See longitudinal pontine fasciculi, under fasciculus.
fibrae pontis transversae [TA] SYN: transverse pontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae pontocerebellares [TA] SYN: pontocerebellar fibers, under fiber.
fibrae postcommissurales [TA] SYN: postcommissural fibers, under fiber.
fibrae precommissurales [TA] SYN: precommissural fibers, under fiber.
fibrae pretectoolivares [TA] SYN: pretectoolivary fibers, under fiber.
fibrae pyramidales SYN: pyramidal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae rubroolivares [TA] SYN: rubroolivary fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinocuneatae [TA] SYN: spinocuneate fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinograciles [TA] SYN: spinogracile fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinohypothalamicae [TA] SYN: spinohypothalamic fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinomesencephalicae [TA] SYN: spinomesencephalic fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinoolivares [TA] SYN: spinoolivary fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinoperiaqueductales [TA] SYN: spinoperiaqueductal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinoreticulares [TA] SYN: spinoreticular fibers, under fiber.
fibrae spinotectales [TA] SYN: spinotectal fibers, under fiber.
fibrae tectoolivares [TA] SYN: tectoolivary fibers, under fiber.
fibrae tectopontinae [TA] SYN: tectopontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae tectoreticulares [TA] SYN: tectoreticular fibers, under fiber.
fibrae temporopontinae [TA] SYN: temporopontine fibers, under fiber.
fibrae zonulares [TA] SYN: zonular fibers, under fiber.

fibrates
fibrates (fi′brats)

SYN: fibric acids.

fibre
fibre (fi′ber)

SYN: fiber.

fibremia
fibremia (fi-bre′me-a)

An obsolete term for the presence of formed fibrin in the blood, causing thrombosis or embolism. SYN: inosemia (2) . [fibrin + G. haima, blood]

fibric acids
fibric acids

Drugs structurally related to clofibrate, used to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. SYN: fibrates.

fibril
fibril (fi′bril)

A minute fiber or component of a fiber. SYN: fibrilla. [Mod. L. fibrilla]
anchoring fibrils collagen fibrils that insert in to the basal lamina of the epidermis and bind it down to the underlying dermis.
collagen fibrils SYN: unit fibrils.
muscular f. SYN: myofibril.
subpellicular f. SYN: subpellicular microtubule.
unit fibrils the fibrils that comprise a collagen fiber, ranging from 20–200 nm and averaging about 100 nm in diameter (substantially larger in tendons), with cross-striations averaging 64 nm. SYN: collagen fibrils.

fibrilla
fibrilla, pl .fibrillae (fi-bril′a, -e)

SYN: fibril. [Mod. L. dim. of L. fibra, a fiber]

fibrillar
fibrillar, fibrillary (fi′bri-lar, -lar-e)

1. Relating to a fibril. 2. Denoting the fine rapid contractions or twitchings of fibers or of small groups of fibers in skeletal or cardiac muscle. SYN: filar (1) .

fibrillate
fibrillate (fi′bri-lat)

1. To make or to become fibrillar. 2. SYN: fibrillated. 3. To be in a state of fibrillation (3).

fibrillated
fibrillated (fi′bri-la-ted)

Composed of fibrils. SYN: fibrillate (2) .

fibrillation
fibrillation (fi-bri-la′shun, fib-ri-)

1. The condition of being fibrillated. 2. The formation of fibrils. 3. Exceedingly rapid contractions or twitching of muscular fibrils, but not of the muscle as a whole. 4. Vermicular twitching, usually slow, of individual muscular fibers; commonly occurs in atria or ventricles of the heart as well as in recently denervated skeletal muscle fibers.
atrial f., auricular f. f. in which the normal rhythmical contractions of the cardiac atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitchings of the muscular wall; the ventricles respond irregularly to the dysrhythmic bombardment from the atria. SYN: ataxia cordis.
ventricular f. coarse or fine, rapid, fibrillary movements of the ventricular muscle that replace the normal contraction.

fibrillin
fibrillin (fi′bril-in)

A microfibrillar protein in connective tissue with a wide distribution in the body; molecular weight about 350,000. There is good evidence that Marfan syndrome is due to mutations of f. [MIM*134797]. [Mod. L. fibrilla, fibril, + -in]

fibrilloflutter
fibrilloflutter (fib′ril-o-flut′er)

SYN: impure flutter.

fibrillogenesis
fibrillogenesis (fi′bril-o-jen′e-sis)

The development of fine fibrils (as seen with the electron microscope) normally present in collagenous fibers of connective tissue.

fibrin
fibrin (fi′brin)

An elastic filamentous protein derived from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin, which releases fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen in the coagulation of blood; a component of thrombi, vegetations, and acute inflammatory exudates such as in diphtheria and lobar pneumonia. [L. fibra, fiber]

fibrinase
fibrinase (fi′brin-as)

1. Former term for factor XIII. 2. SYN: plasmin.

fibrino- fibrino-

Fibrin. [L. fibra, fiber]

fibrinocellular
fibrinocellular (fi′bri-no-sel′u-lar)

Composed of fibrin and cells, as in certain types of exudates resulting from acute inflammation.

fibrinogen
fibrinogen (fi-brin′o-jen)

A globulin of the blood plasma that is converted into fibrin by the action of thrombin in the presence of ionized calcium to produce coagulation of the blood; the only coagulable protein in the blood plasma of vertebrates; it is absent in afibrinogenemia and is defective in dysfibrinogenemia.
human f. f. prepared from normal human plasma; a coagulant (clotting factor), used as an adjunct in the management of acute, congenital, or acquired chronic hypofibrinogenemia.

fibrinogenase
fibrinogenase (fi-brin′o-je-nas)

SYN: thrombin.

fibrinogenemia
fibrinogenemia (fi-brin′o-je-ne′me-a)

SYN: hyperfibrinogenemia.

fibrinogenesis
fibrinogenesis (fi′bri-no-jen′e-sis)

Formation or production of fibrin.

fibrinogenic
fibrinogenic, fibrinogenous (fi′brin-o-jen′ik, fi′bri-noj′e-nus)

1. Pertaining to fibrinogen. 2. Producing fibrin.

fibrinogenolysis
fibrinogenolysis (fi-brin′o-jen-ol′i-sis)

The inactivation or dissolution of fibrinogen in the blood. [fibrinogen + G. lysis, dissolution]

fibrinogenopenia
fibrinogenopenia (fi-brin′o-jen-o-pe′ne-a)

A concentration of fibrinogen in the blood that is less than the normal. [fibrinogen + G. penia, poverty]

fibrinoid
fibrinoid (fi′bri-noyd)

1. Resembling fibrin. 2. A deeply or brilliantly acidophilic, homogeneous, proteinaceous material that: 1) is frequently formed in the walls of blood vessels and in connective tissue of patients with such diseases as disseminated lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, and rheumatic fever; 2) is sometimes observed in healing wounds, chronic peptic ulcers, the placenta, necrotic arterioles of malignant hypertension, and other unrelated conditions. [fibrin + G. eidos, resemblance]

fibrinokinase
fibrinokinase (fi′brin-o-ki′nas)

Name proposed for the enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin; subsequently called urokinase, but now called plasminogen activator. SYN: fibrinolysokinase.

fibrinolysin
fibrinolysin (fi-brin-o-li′sin)

SYN: plasmin.
streptococcal f. SYN: streptokinase.

fibrinolysis
fibrinolysis (fi-bri-nol′i-sis)

1. Hydrolysis of fibrin. 2. The process of dissolution of fibrin in blood clots. [fibrino- + G. lysis, dissolution]

fibrinolysokinase
fibrinolysokinase (fi′brin-o-li-so-ki′nas)

SYN: fibrinokinase.

fibrinolytic
fibrinolytic (fi-brin-o-lit′ik)

Denoting, characterized by, or causing fibrinolysis.

fibrinopeptide
fibrinopeptide (fi′brin-o-pep′tid)

One of two pairs of peptides (A and B) released from the amino-terminal ends of 2α- (or Aα-) and 2β- (or Bβ-)chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin to form fibrin; they have a vasoconstrictive effect.

fibrinopurulent
fibrinopurulent (fi′bri-no-pu′roo-lent)

Pertaining to pus or suppurative exudate that contains a relatively large amount of fibrin.

fibrinoscopy
fibrinoscopy (fi-bri-nos′ko-pe)

The chemical and physical examination of the fibrin of exudates, blood clots, etc. [fibrino- + G. skopeo, to view]

fibrinous
fibrinous (fi′brin-us)

Pertaining to or composed of fibrin.

fibrinuria
fibrinuria (fi-bri-noo′re-a)

The passage of urine that contains fibrin. [fibrin + G. ouron, urine]

fibro- fibro-, fibr-

Fiber. [L. fibra]

fibroadenoma
fibroadenoma (fi′bro-ad-e-no′ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which there is a conspicuous stroma of proliferating fibroblasts and connective tissue elements; commonly occurs in breast tissue.
giant f. a massive benign f. seen mostly in adolescent girls.
intracanalicular f. a f. of the breast consisting of nodules of fibrous tissue which invaginate and compress the ducts.
pericanalicular f. a f. of the breast consisting of an increased number of small ducts surrounded by concentric bands of fibrous tissue.

fibroadipose
fibroadipose (fi-bro-ad′i-poz)

Relating to or containing both fibrous and fatty structures. SYN: fibrofatty.

fibroareolar
fibroareolar (fi′bro-a-re′o-lar)

Denoting connective tissue that is both fibrous and areolar in character.

fibroblast
fibroblast (fi′bro-blast)

A stellate or spindle-shaped cell with cytoplasmic processes present in connective tissue, capable of forming collagen fibers; an inactive f. is sometimes called a fibrocyte.

fibroblastic
fibroblastic (fi-bro-blas′tik)

Relating to fibroblasts.

fibrocartilage
fibrocartilage (fi-bro-kar′ti-lij)

A variety of cartilage that contains visible type I collagen fibers; appears as a transition between tendons or ligaments or bones. SYN: fibrocartilago.
basilar f. SYN: basilar cartilage.
circumferential f. a ring of f. around the articular end of a bone, serving to deepen the joint cavity. SEE ALSO: acetabular labrum, glenoid labrum of scapula.
external semilunar f. SYN: lateral meniscus.
interarticular f. SYN: articular disk.
internal semilunar f. of knee joint SYN: medial meniscus.
interpubic f. interpubic disk.
semilunar f. See lateral meniscus, medial meniscus.
stratiform f. a layer of f. in the bottom of a groove in a bone through which a tendon runs.

fibrocartilaginous
fibrocartilaginous (fi′bro-kar-ti-laj′i-nus)

Relating to or composed of fibrocartilage.

fibrocartilago
fibrocartilago (fi′bro-kar-ti-la′go)

SYN: fibrocartilage.
f. basalis SYN: basilar cartilage.
f. interarticularis SYN: articular disk.
f. interpubica interpubic disk.
f. intervertebralis SYN: intervertebral disk.

fibrocellular
fibrocellular (fi-bro-sel′u-lar)

Both fibrous and cellular.

fibrochondritis
fibrochondritis (fi′bro-kon-dri′tis)

Inflammation of a fibrocartilage.

fibrochondroma
fibrochondroma (fi′bro-kon-dro′ma)

A benign neoplasm of cartilaginous tissue, in which there is a relatively unusual amount of fibrous stroma.

fibrocongestive
fibrocongestive (fi′bro-kon-jes′tiv)

Term sometimes used to indicate the general condition of an organ or tissue in which acute or chronic, persistent congestion has resulted in degeneration and necrosis of cells and replacement with connective tissue elements, as in chronic congestive splenomegaly.

fibrocystic
fibrocystic (fi-bro-sis′tik)

Pertaining to or characterized by the presence of fibrocysts.

fibrocyte
fibrocyte (fi′bro-sit)

Designation sometimes applied to an inactive fibroblast. [fibro- + G. kytos, cell]

fibrodysplasia
fibrodysplasia (fi′bro-dis-pla′ze-a)

Abnormal development of fibrous connective tissue.
f. ossificans progressiva [MIM*135100] a generalized disorder of connective tissue in which there is ectopic ossification with bone replacing tendons, fasciae, and ligaments; a lethal genetic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. SEE ALSO: fibrous dysplasia of bone.

fibroelastic
fibroelastic (fi′bro-e-las′tik)

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers.

fibroelastosis
fibroelastosis (fi′bro-e-las-to′sis)

Excessive proliferation of collagenous and elastic fibrous tissue.
endocardial f., endomyocardial f. 1. a congenital condition characterized by thickening of the left ventricular wall endocardium (chiefly due to fibrous and elastic tissue), thickening and malformation of the cardiac valves, subendocardial changes in the myocardium, and hypertrophy of the heart; chief symptoms are cyanosis, dyspnea, anorexia, and irritability; 2. SYN: endomyocardial fibrosis.

fibroepithelioma
fibroepithelioma (fi′bro-ep-i-the-le-o′ma)

A skin tumor composed of fibrous tissue intersected by thin anastomosing bands of basal cells of the epidermis, enclosing keratin cysts; may give rise to basal cell carcinoma of the nodular type. SYN: Pinkus tumor.

fibrofatty
fibrofatty (fi-bro-fat′e)

SYN: fibroadipose.

fibrofolliculoma
fibrofolliculoma (fi′bro-fo-lik-u-lo′ma)

Small papular hamartomas of the fibrous sheath of the hair follicle, with solid extensions of the epithelium of the follicular infundibulum; multiple fibrofolliculomas may be familial.

fibrogenesis
fibrogenesis (fi-bro-jen′e-sis)

The production or development of fibers.

fibrogliosis
fibrogliosis (fi′bro-gli-o′sis)

A cellular reaction within the brain, usually in response to a penetrating injury, in which both astrocytes and fibroblasts participate and which culminates in a fibrous and glial scar. [fibro- + G. glia, glue, + -osis, condition]

fibroid
fibroid (fi′broyd)

1. Resembling or composed of fibers or fibrous tissue. 2. Old term for certain types of leiomyoma, especially those occurring in the uterus. 3. SYN: fibroleiomyoma. [fibro- + G. eidos, resemblance]

fibroidectomy
fibroidectomy (fi-broy-dek′to-me)

SYN: myomectomy. [fibroid + G. ektome, excision]

fibroin
fibroin (fi′bro-in)

A white insoluble protein forming the primary constituent (70%) of cobweb and silk.

fibroleiomyoma
fibroleiomyoma (fi′bro-li′o-mi-o′ma)

A leiomyoma containing non-neoplastic collagenous fibrous tissue, which may make the tumor hard; f. usually arises in the myometrium, and the proportion of fibrous tissue increases with age. SYN: fibroid (3) , leiomyofibroma.

fibrolipoma
fibrolipoma (fi′bro-li-po′ma)

A lipoma with an abundant stroma of fibrous tissue. SYN: lipoma fibrosum.

fibroma
fibroma (fi-bro′ma)

A benign neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue. [fibro- + G. -oma, tumor]
ameloblastic f. a benign mixed odontogenic tumor characterized by neoplastic proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchymal components of the tooth bud without the production of dental hard tissue; presents clinically as a slow-growing painless radiolucency occurring most commonly in the mandible of children and adolescents.
aponeurotic f. a calcifying recurrent non-metastasizing but infiltrating f. seen most frequently on the palms of young people as a small firm nodule not attached to the overlying skin.
cementoossifying f. a form of f. with cementicles and bone rimmed with osteoblasts in moderately cellular stroma.
central ossifying f. a painless, slow-growing, expansile, sharply circumscribed benign fibro-osseus tumor of the jaws that is derived from cells of the periodontal ligament; presents initially as a radiolucency that becomes progressively more opaque as it matures.
chondromyxoid f. an uncommon benign bone tumor, occurring most frequently in the tibia of adolescents and young adults, composed of lobulated myxoid tissue with scanty chondroid foci. SYN: chondrofibroma, chondromyxoma.
concentric f. a benign neoplasm, actually a leiomyoma, that occupies the entire circumference of the wall of the uterus.
desmoplastic f. a benign fibrous tumor of bone affecting children and young adults; cortical destruction may result.
giant cell f. a tumor of the oral mucosa composed of fibrous connective tissue with large stellate and multinucleate fibroblasts; shares a similar histology with the retrocuspid papilla, fibrous papule of the nose, pearly penile papule, and the ungual f..
irritation f. a slow-growing nodule on the oral mucosa, composed of fibrous tissue covered by epithelium, resulting from mechanical irritation by dentures, fillings, cheek biting, etc.
f. molle SYN: skin tag.
f. molle gravidarum skin tags or polyps that develop on women during pregnancy and often disappear at term.
f. myxomatodes SYN: myxofibroma.
nonossifying f. a loculated osteolytic focus of cellular fibrous tissue, slightly expanding a bone, usually near the end of a long bone in older children; similar to fibrous cortical defect, although larger.
nonosteogenic f. SYN: fibrous cortical defect.
odontogenic f. a rare odontogenic tumor found in soft tissue or as a central bony lesion. The tumor is composed of fibrous connective tissue, odontogenic epithelium, and sometimes calcification.
peripheral ossifying f. a reactive focal gingival overgrowth derived histogenetically from cells of the periodontal ligament and usually developing in response to local irritants (plaque and calculus) on associated teeth; consists microscopically of a hyperplastic cellular fibrous stroma supporting deposits of bone, cementum, or dystrophic calcification.
periungual f. multiple smooth firm nodules formed at the nail folds, often over 10 mm in length, which appear at or after puberty in some patients with tuberous sclerosis.
rabbit f. SYN: Shope f..
recurring digital f. of childhood multiple fibrous flesh-colored nodules on the extensor aspect of the terminal phalanges of adjacent digits of infants and young children that often recur after attempted excision, do not metastasize, and may spontaneously regress in two to three years; composed of spindle cells containing cytoplasmic inclusions believed to be derived from myofibrils. SYN: infantile digital fibromatosis.
Shope f. a connective tissue tumor of cottontail rabbits caused by a poxvirus of the genus Leporipoxvirus and found by Shope to be transmissible with cellular suspensions or Berkefeld filtrates; it is related to myxomatosis and is used in Europe as a source of vaccine to protect against the myxoma virus. SYN: rabbit f..
telangiectatic f. a benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated vascular channels. SYN: angiofibroma.

fibromatoid
fibromatoid (fi-bro′ma-toyd)

A focus, nodule, or mass (of proliferating fibroblasts) that resembles a fibroma but is not regarded as neoplastic.

fibromatosis
fibromatosis (fi′bro-ma-to′sis)

1. A condition characterized by multiple fibromas, with relatively widespread distribution. 2. Abnormal hyperplasia of fibrous tissue.
abdominal f. SYN: desmoid (2) .
aggressive infantile f. a childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body that invade locally and recur but do not metastasize.
f. colli a fibrous mass in the midportion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; the mass may be a hematoma resulting from a birth injury and may cause torticollis.
congenital generalized f. [MIM*228550] multiple subcutaneous and visceral fibrous tumors present at birth; a rare disorder often fatal in the first week of life, although sometimes undergoing spontaneous remission; probable autosomal recessive inheritance.
gingival f. f. that may be associated with trichodiscomas. Several genetic forms are known, all autosomal dominant [MIM*135300, *135400, *135500, *135550].
infantile digital f. SYN: recurring digital fibroma of childhood.
juvenile hyalin f. [MIM*228600] a rare recessively inherited deforming disorder of head, neck, and generalized cutaneous nodules or tumors in children with normal mentality; the lesions consist of fibroblasts separated by an eosinophilic hyalin stroma composed mostly of glycosaminoglycans. SYN: systemic hyalinosis.
juvenile palmo-plantar f. f. that occurs in children from birth to adolescence as a single poorly demarcated nodule of the thenar or hypothenar eminence or overlying the calcaneus of the mid-sole.
palmar f. nodular fibroplastic proliferation in the palmar fascia of one or both hands, preceding or associated with Dupuytren contracture.
penile f. SYN: Peyronie disease.
plantar f. nodular fibroblastic proliferation in plantar fascia of one or both feet; rarely associated with contracture. SYN: Dupuytren disease of the foot.

fibromatous
fibromatous (fi-bro′ma-tus)

Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a fibroma.

fibromectomy
fibromectomy (fi-bro-mek′to-me)

SYN: myomectomy.

fibrometer
fibrometer (fi′bro-me′ter)

An instrument that measures clot formation (as in tests for blood clotting in vitro) by mechanical detection of the clot by a moving probe.

fibromuscular
fibromuscular (fi′bro-mus′ku-lar)

Both fibrous and muscular; relating to both fibrous and muscular tissues.

fibromyalgia
fibromyalgia (fi-bro-mi-al′ja)

A syndrome of chronic pain of musculoskeletal origin but uncertain cause. The American College of Rheumatology has established diagnostic criteria that include pain on both sides of the body, both above and below the waist, as well as in an axial distribution (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine or anterior chest); additionally there must be point tenderness in at least 11 of 18 specified sites. SYN: f. syndrome.

fibromyectomy
fibromyectomy (fi′bro-mi-ek′to-me)

Excision of a fibromyoma.

fibromyoma
fibromyoma (fi′bro-mi-o′ma)

A leiomyoma that contains a relatively abundant amount of fibrous tissue.

fibromyositis
fibromyositis (fi′bro-mi-o-si′tis)

Chronic inflammation of a muscle with an overgrowth, or hyperplasia, of the connective tissue. [fibro- + G. mys, muscle, + -itis, inflammation]

fibromyxoma
fibromyxoma (fi′bro-mik-so′ma)

A myxoma that contains a relatively abundant amount of mature fibroblasts and connective tissue. [fibro- + G. myxa, mucus, + -oma, tumor]

fibronectins
fibronectins (fi-bro-nek′tins)

High molecular weight multifunctional glycoproteins found on cell surface membranes and in blood plasma and other body fluids. F. are thought to function as adhesive ligandlike molecules that play a role in contact inhibition; also known as large external transformation sensitive protein (LETS), which is reduced after cells become transformed. SYN: zetaprotein. [L. fibra, fiber, + nexus, interconnection]
plasma fibronectin a circulating α₂-glycoprotein that functions as an opsonin, mediating reticuloendothelial and macrophage clearance of fibrin microaggregates, collagen debris, and bacterial particulates, protecting microvascular perfusion and lymphatic drainage.

fibroneuroma
fibroneuroma (fi′bro-noo-ro′ma)

SYN: neurofibroma.

fibro-osteoma
fibro-osteoma (fi′bro-os-te-o′ma)

An osteoma in which the neoplastic bone-forming cells are situated within a relatively abundant stroma of fibrous tissue.

fibropapilloma
fibropapilloma (fi′bro-pap-i-lo′ma)

A papilloma characterized by a conspicuous amount of fibrous connective tissue at the base and forming the cores upon which the neoplastic epithelial cells are massed.

fibroplasia
fibroplasia (fi-bro-pla′ze-a)

Production of fibrous tissue, usually implying an abnormal increase of nonneoplastic fibrous tissue. [fibro- + G. plasis, a molding]
retrolental f. SYN: retinopathy of prematurity.

fibroplastic
fibroplastic (fi-bro-plas′tik)

Producing fibrous tissue. [fibro- + G. plastos, formed]

fibroplate
fibroplate (fi′bro-plat)

SYN: articular disk.

fibropolypus
fibropolypus (fi-bro-pol′i-pus)

A polyp composed chiefly of fibrous tissue.

fibroreticulate
fibroreticulate (fi′bro-re-tik′u-lat)

Relating to or consisting of a network of fibrous tissue.

fibrosa
fibrosa

pericardium f. [TA] See pericardium.

fibrosarcoma
fibrosarcoma (fi′bro-sar-ko′ma)

A malignant neoplasm derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts arranged in a distinctive herringbone pattern with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream.
ameloblastic f. a rapidly growing, painful, destructive, radiolucent odontogenic tumor that usually arises through malignant change in the mesenchymal component of a pre-existing ameloblastic fibroma. SYN: ameloblastic sarcoma.
Earle L f. a transplantable f. derived from subcutaneous tissue of a mouse of C3H strain, grown in tissue culture to which 20-methylcholanthrene had been added.
infantile f. a rapidly growing but infrequently metastasizing f. which usually appears on the extremities in the first year of life.

fibrose
fibrose (fi-bros′)

To form fibrous tissue.

fibroserous
fibroserous (fi-bro-se′rus)

Composed of fibrous tissue with a serous surface; denoting any serous membrane.

fibrosis
fibrosis (fi-bro′sis)

Formation of fibrous tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue.
African endomyocardial f. f. of the inner layers of the myocardium, often including the endocardium, causing diastolic restriction of the heart; indigenous to East Africa.
congenital f. of the extraocular muscles [MIM*135700] an autosomal dominant disorder associated with blepharoptosis and absence of eye movements.
cystic f., cystic f. of the pancreas [MIM*219700] a congenital metabolic disorder in which secretions of exocrine glands are abnormal; excessively viscid mucus causes obstruction of passageways (including pancreatic and bile ducts, intestines, and bronchi), and the sodium and chloride content of sweat are increased throughout the patient's life; symptoms usually appear in childhood and include meconium ileus, poor growth despite good appetite, malabsorption and foul bulky stools, chronic bronchitis with cough, recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, emphysema, clubbing of the fingers, and salt depletion in hot weather. Detailed genetic mapping and molecular biology have been accomplished by the methods of reverse genetics; autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutation in the cystic f. conductance regulator gene (CFTR) on chromosome 7q. SYN: Clarke-Hadfield syndrome, fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, mucoviscidosis, viscidosis.
endocardial f. scarring or collagenosis of the endocardium. SYN: endocardial sclerosis.
endomyocardial f. thickening of the ventricular endocardium by f., involving the subendocardial myocardium, and sometimes the atrioventricular valves, with mural thrombosis, leading to progressive right and left ventricular failure with mitral and tricuspid insufficiency; occurs in adults and is endemic in parts of Africa. SYN: Davies disease, endocardial fibroelastosis (2) , endomyocardial fibroelastosis.
idiopathic interstitial f. SYN: idiopathic pulmonary f..
idiopathic pulmonary f. (IPF) an acute to chronic inflammatory process or interstitial f. of the lung of unknown etiology. with collagen-vascular diseases. SYN: chronic fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, fibrosing alveolitis, Hamman-Rich syndrome, idiopathic interstitial f..
interstitial pulmonary f. includes both idiopathic pulmonary f. and pulmonary f. associated with connective tissue disease and other known primary diseases.
leptomeningeal f. a fibrous reaction within the subarachnoid space; sometimes a sequel to infectious or chemical meningitis. SEE ALSO: adhesive arachnoiditis.
mediastinal f. f. that may obstruct the superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, veins, or bronchi; most common cause is histoplasmosis; less commonly tuberculosis or unknown. SYN: fibrosing mediastinitis, idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis.
nodular subepidermal f. dermatofibroma.
oral submucous f. a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract characteristically in a native of India.
pericentral f. f. occurring around the central veins in the hepatic lobules.
perimuscular f. f. in the outer media of arteries, usually the renal arteries of young women, where it causes segmental stenosis and hypertension; a variety of fibromuscular dysplasia. SYN: subadventitial f..
pipestem f. a characteristic pipe-shaped f. formed around hepatic portal veins in some cases of long-continued heavy infection with Schistosoma mansoni; thought to be induced by the presence of large numbers of schistosome eggs in the hepatic tissues. SYN: Symmers clay pipestem f., Symmers f..
replacement f. the formation of fibrous tissue that occupies sites where various other cells and tissues have become atrophied, or degenerated and necrotic.
retroperitoneal f. f. of retroperitoneal structures and connective tissue commonly involving and obstructing the ureters; the cause is usually unknown. SYN: idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis, Ormond disease, periureteritis plastica.
subadventitial f. SYN: perimuscular f..
Symmers clay pipestem f., Symmers f. SYN: pipestem f..

fibrositis
fibrositis (fi-bro-si′tis)

1. Inflammation of fibrous tissue. 2. Term used to denote generalized muscle aching, soreness, or stiffness, with multiple tender foci (trigger points); of unknown etiology. SYN: muscular rheumatism. [fibro- + G. -itis, inflammation]
cervical f. SYN: posttraumatic neck syndrome.

fibrothorax
fibrothorax (fi-bro-tho′raks)

Fibrosis of the pleural space.

fibrotic
fibrotic (fi-brot′ik)

Pertaining to or characterized by fibrosis.

fibrous
fibrous (fi′brus)

Composed of or containing fibroblasts, and also the fibrils and fibers of connective tissue formed by such cells.

fibroxanthoma
fibroxanthoma (fi′bro-zan-tho′ma)

A fibrohistiocytic neoplasm.
atypical f. a solitary, often ulcerated, small, cutaneous, usually benign, tumor composed of foamy histiocytes, spindle cells, and bizarre giant cells; usually found on the exposed skin of older people; microscopically, atypical f. closely resembles malignant fibrous histiocytoma, but originates in the dermis.

fibula
fibula (fib′u-la) [TA]

The lateral and smaller of the two bones of the leg; it is not-weight bearing and articulates with the tibia above and the tibia and talus below. SYN: calf bone, calf-bone (1) , perone, peroneal bone. [L. f. (contr. fr. figibula), that which fastens, a clasp, buckle, fr. figo, to fix, fasten]

fibular
fibular (fib′u-lar)

Relating to the fibula. SYN: fibularis, peroneal. [L. fibularis]

fibularis
fibularis (fib-u-la′ris)

SYN: fibular, fibular. [Mod. L.]

fibulocalcaneal
fibulocalcaneal (fib′u-lo-kal-ka′ne-al)

Relating to the fibula and the calcaneus.

ficain
ficain (fi-kan)

SYN: ficin (2) .

ficin
ficin (fi′sin)

1. A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from figs (Ficus carica, globata, and doliaria); used in industry as a protein digestant; f. has a wide specificity for protein substrates; an anthelmintic. 2. The crude dried latex from Ficus spp. SYN: ficain.

Fick
Fick

Adolf, German physician, 1829–1901. See F. method, F. principle.

FID
FID

Abbreviation for free induction decay.

Fiedler
Fiedler

Carl L.A., German physician, 1835–1921. See F. myocarditis.

field
field (feld)

A definite area of plane surface, considered in relation to some specific object. [A.S. feld]
auditory f. the space included within the limits of hearing of a definite sound, as of a tuning fork.
Broca f. SYN: Broca center.
Cohnheim f. SYN: Cohnheim area.
f. of consciousness f. of consciousness.
f. of fixation in ophthalmology, the angular distance around which the line of fixation can be turned.
fields of Forel three circumscript, myelin-rich regions of the subthalamus known as H fields (from Haubenfelder); 1) f. H₁, corresponding to the thalamic fasciculus, a horizontal fiber stratum at the junction of the subthalamus and the overlying thalamus, is composed of pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic fibers (brachium conjunctivum) and is separated by the zona incerta from the more ventrally placed f. H₂; 2) f. H₂, formed by the lenticular fasciculus and arching over the dorsal border of the subthalamic nucleus, is composed largely of pallidothalamic fibers; 3) f. H₃ or prerubral f., is a large f. of intermingling gray and white matter immediately rostral to the red nucleus, uniting fields H₁ and H₂ around the medial margin of the zona incerta; its gray matter forms the prerubral nucleus. SEE ALSO: lenticular loop. SYN: campi foreli, tegmental fields of Forel.
free f. a f. (three-dimensional space) in a homogeneous, isotropic medium free from boundaries; in practice, a f. in which boundary effects are negligible.
H fields fields of Forel.
individuation f. the f. within which an organizer can bring about the rearrangement of primordial tissues in such a manner that a complete embryo is formed.
involved f. in radiation treatment, the area of the tumor itself.
magnetic f. the sphere of influence of a magnet.
microscopic f. the area within which objects are visible with microscope oculars and objectives of various magnifying powers.
nerve f. the regional distribution of nerve terminals.
prerubral f. fields of Forel.
sound f. the environment in which sound waves are propagated. SYN: acoustical surround.
tegmental fields of Forel SYN: fields of Forel.
visual f. (F) the area simultaneously visible to one eye without movement; often measured by means of a bowl perimeter located 330 mm from the eye.
Wernicke f. SYN: Wernicke center.

Fielding
Fielding

George H., British anatomist, 1801–1871. See F. membrane.

Field rapid stain
Field rapid stain

See under stain.

field-vole
field-vole (feld-vol)

A species of field mouse (Microtus montebelloi), normal host of Leptospira hebdomadis, the cause of a type of leptospirosis resembling infectious mononucleosis.

Fiessinger
Fiessinger

Noël Armand, French physician, 1881–1946. See F.-Leroy-Reiter syndrome.

fièvre
fièvre

(fe-evr′)French term for fever.
f. boutonneuse (fe-evr′ boo-ton-nuz′) SYN: Mediterranean spotted fever.

fig
fig

Ficus, the partially dried fruit of Ficus carica (family Moraceae); used as a nutrient, mild laxative, and demulcent. [L. ficus; A.S. fic]

FIGLU
FIGLU

Abbreviation for formiminoglutamic acid.

figuratus
figuratus (fig-u-ra′tus)

Figured; a term descriptive of certain skin lesions. [L. figuro, pp. -atus, to form, fashion]

figure
figure (fig′ur)

1. A form or shape. 2. A person representing the essential aspects of a particular role ( e.g., relating to one's male boss as a father f. or to one's female teacher as a mother f.). 3. A form, shape, outline, or representation of an object or person. [L. figura, fr fingo, to shape, fashion]
authority f. a real or projected person in a position of power; one's parents, police, and boss are authority figures to some people; during the transference phase of psychoanalysis, the psychoanalyst becomes an authority f..
flame f. a small area of dermal or subcutaneous necrosis with intense eosinophil staining of collagen bundles; seen in the lesions of eosinophilic cellulitis.
fortification figures SYN: fortification spectrum.
mitotic f. the microscopic appearance of a cell undergoing mitosis; a cell of which the chromosomes are visible by the light microscope.
myelin f. a rolled-up or scroll-like arrangement of a lipid bilayer within a cell, superficially resembling the myelin sheath of nerves; observed with the electron microscope in the cytoplasm or as inclusion in mitochondria and autophagic vacuoles where they may represent artifacts of lipid fixation. SYN: myelin body.
Purkinje figures shadows of the retinal vessels, seen as dark lines on a reddish field when a light enters the eye through the sclera and not the pupil.

figure and ground
figure and ground

That aspect of perception wherein the perceived is separated into at least two parts, each with different attributes but influencing one another. Figure is the most distinct; ground the least formed; e.g., a bird or tree (figure) seen against the sky (ground).

fila
fila (fi′la)

Plural of filum. [L.]

filaceous
filaceous (fi-la′shus)

SYN: filamentous. [L. filum, a thread]

filaggrin
filaggrin (fil-ag′grin)

A major protein of the keratohyalin granule, composed mostly of l-histidyl, lysyl, and arginyl residues (stratum corneum basic proteins). It aggregates keratin intermediate filaments and promotes disulfide bond formation. [filament + aggregating]

filamen
filamen, filamin (fil′a-men)

A high molecular weight, actin-binding protein that is part of the intracellular filamentous structure of fibroblastic cells; its distribution in cells is derived from its interaction with polymerized actin.

filament
filament (fil′a-ment)

1. SYN: filamentum. 2. In bacteriology, a fine threadlike form, unsegmented or segmented without constrictions. [L. filamentum, fr. filum, a thread]
actin f. one of the contractile elements in muscular fibers and other cells; in skeletal muscle, the actin filaments are about 5 nm wide and 100 μm long, and attach to the transverse Z filaments. SYN: thin f..
axial f. the central f. of a flagellum or cilium; with the electron microscope it is seen as a complex of nine peripheral diplomicrotubules and a central pair of microtubules. SYN: axoneme (2) .
cytokeratin filaments SYN: keratin filaments.
intermediate filaments a class of tough protein filaments (including keratin filaments, neurofilaments, desmin, and vimentin) that measure 8–10 nm in thickness and comprise part of the cytoskeleton of the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells; so named because they are intermediate in thickness between actin filaments and microtubules.
keratin filaments a class of intermediate filaments that form a network within epithelial cells and anchor to desmosomes, thus imparting tensile strength to the tissue. SYN: cytokeratin filaments.
myosin f. one of the contractile elements in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle fibers; in skeletal muscle, the f. is about 10 nm thick and 1.5 μm long. SYN: thick f..
parabasal f. term formerly used for rhizoplast.
pial f. pial part of filum terminale.
root filaments SYN: radicular fila, under filum.
spermatic f. a spermatozoon, especially the tail of a spermatozoon.
thick f. SYN: myosin f..
thin f. SYN: actin f..
Z f. the thin zig-zag structure at the Z line of striated muscle fibers to which the actin filaments attach.

filamentous
filamentous (fil-a-men′tus)

1. Threadlike in structure. SYN: filiform (1) . 2. Composed of filaments or threadlike structures. SYN: filaceous, filar (2) .

filamentum
filamentum, pl .filamenta (fil-a-men′tum, -ta)

A fibril, fine fiber, or threadlike structure. SYN: filament (1) . [L.]

filar
filar (fi′lar)

1. SYN: fibrillar. 2. SYN: filamentous. [L. filum, a thread]

Filaria
Filaria (fi-lar′e-a)

Former genus of nematodes now classified in several genera and species of the family Onchocercidae; e.g., Wuchereria bancrofti (F. bancrofti, F. diurna, or F. nocturna), Brugia malayi (F. malaya), Onchocerca volvulus (F. volvulus), Mansonella perstans (F. perstans or F. sanguinis hominis), M. streptocerca, M. ozzardi (F. demarquayi or F. ozzardi), Loa loa (F. extraocularis, F. lentis, F. loa, or F. oculi humani), and Dracunculus medinensis (F. medinensis) SEE ALSO: f..

filaria
filaria, pl .filariae (fi-lar′e-a, -e-e)

Common name for nematodes of the family Onchocercidae, which live as adults in the blood, tissue fluids, tissues, or body cavities of many vertebrates. The females lay partially embryonated eggs, the embryos uncoil and circulate in blood or tissue fluids as microfilariae; if ingested by an appropriate bloodsucking arthropod, larval stages develop; later, infective larvae may be deposited on another vertebrate host's skin when the arthropod seeks another blood meal. [L. filum, a thread]

filarial
filarial (fi-la′re-al)

Pertaining to a filaria (or filariae), including the microfilaria stage.

filariasis
filariasis (fil-a-ri′a-sis)

Presence of filariae in the tissues of the body or in blood (microfilaremia) or tissue fluids (microfilariasis), occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; living worms cause minimal tissue reaction, which may be asymptomatic, but death of the adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis causing obstruction of the lymphatic channels from dense hyalinized scars in the subcutaneous tissues; the most serious consequence is elephantiasis or pachyderma.
bancroftian f. f. caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.
Brug f. infection with filarial organism Brugia malayi, which causes adenitis, fever, lymphangitis, and sometimes elephantiasis; occurs primarily in southeast Asia, India, Indonesia, China, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines.
periodic f. a form of f. in which microfilariae appear in the peripheral blood at regular 24-hr intervals; usually refers to the nocturnal periodicity of bancroftian f..

filaricidal
filaricidal (fi-lar-i-si′dal)

Fatal to filariae.

filaricide
filaricide (fi-lar′i-sid)

An agent that kills filariae. [filaria + L. caedo, to kill]

filariform
filariform (fi-lar′i-form)

1. Resembling filariae or other types of small nematode worms. SEE ALSO: f. larva. 2. Thin or hairlike.

Filariicae
Filariicae (fi-lar′e-i-se)

SYN: Filarioidea.

Filarioidea
Filarioidea (fi-lar′e-oy′de-a)

A superfamily of filarial nematodes parasitic in many animal species, including man; includes the families Filariidae, Diplotraenidae, Onchocercidae, and Stephanofilariidae. See Filaria. SEE ALSO: Dipetalonema, Dirofilaria, Loa loa, Mansonella, Onchocerca, Wuchereria, Brugia. SYN: Filariicae.

Filatov
Filatov

Nil F., Russian pediatrician, 1847–1902. See F. disease.

Filatov
Filatov

Vladimir P., Russian ophthalmologist, 1875–1956. See F. flap, F.-Gillies flap.

file
file (fil)

A tool for smoothing, grinding, or cutting.
Hedström f. a coarse root canal f. similar to a rasp.
periodontal f. an instrument with a series of ridges or points arranged in rows on its surface, used for scaling or removing dental calculus from the teeth.
root canal f. a pointed, flexible, steel intracanal instrument used in rasping canal walls.

filial
filial (fil′e-al)

Denoting the relationship of offspring to parents. See f. generation. [L. filialis, fr. filius, son, filia, daughter]

filiform
filiform (fil′i-form)

1. SYN: filamentous (1) . 2. In bacteriology, denoting an even growth along the line of inoculation, either stroke or stab. [L. filum, thread]

filiform adnatum
filiform adnatum

SYN: ankyloblepharon.

filioparental
filioparental (fil′e-o-pa-ren′tal)

Pertaining to a child-parent relationship. [L. filius, son, + parens, parent, fr. pario, to give birth]

fillet
fillet (fil′et)

1. SYN: lemniscus. 2. A skein, loop of cord, or tape used for making traction on a part of the fetus. [Fr. filet, a band]
lateral f. SYN: lateral lemniscus.
medial f. SYN: medial lemniscus.

filling
filling (fil′ing)

Lay term for a dental restoration.

film
film (film)

1. A thin sheet of flexible material coated with a light-sensitive or x-ray–sensitive substance used in taking photographs or radiographs. 2. A thin layer or coating. 3. A radiograph (colloq.).
absorbable gelatin f. a sterile, nonantigenic, absorbable, water-insoluble, thin sheet of gelatin prepared by drying a gelatin-formaldehyde solution on plates; used in the closure and repair of defects in membranes such as the dura mater or the pleura; it undergoes absorption over a period of 1–6 months.
bitewing f. a special packaging of radiographic f. that allows an appendage of the f. package to be held between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
decubitus f. a radiograph exposed with the subject in the decubitus position, named for the side that is dependent. SYN: right or left lateral decubitus f..
horizontal beam f. a radiograph made with the central axis of the x-ray beam parallel to the floor, able to show an air-fluid level.
latitude f. SYN: wide-latitude f..
panoramic x-ray f. in dentistry, a radiograph taken to give a panoramic view of the entire upper and lower dental arch as well as the temporomandibular joints.
plain f. a radiograph made without use of a contrast medium.
precorneal f. a protective f., 7 to 9 nm thick, consisting of external oily, intermediate watery, and deep mucoprotein layers. SYN: tear f..
right or left lateral decubitus f. SYN: decubitus f..
scout f. a radiograph exposed before contrast medium is given, such as the preliminary f. for an angiogram, urogram, or barium contrast gastrointestinal examination. SYN: scout radiograph.
f. speed the relative sensitivity of f. emulsion to light or radiation exposure; speed is inversely related to detail resolution.
spot f. a radiograph made during the course of an examination under fluoroscopic control, with a device attached to the fluoroscope.
tear f. SYN: precorneal f..
wide-latitude f. f. that does not show large contrast differences with differences in exposure; the slope of the H and D curve is low. SYN: latitude f..

film changer
film changer

A device that moves film for radiographic studies that require rapid serial x-ray exposures, such as angiography. SYN: rapid f., serial f..
rapid f. SYN: f..
serial f. SYN: f..

Filmer
Filmer

David L., U.S. biochemist, *1932. See Adair-Koshland-Némethy-F. model, Koshland-Némethy-F. model.

filopodia
filopodia (fil-o-po′de-a)

Plural of filopodium.

filopodium
filopodium, pl .filopodia (fi-lo-po′de-um, -a)

A slender filamentous pseudopodium of certain free-living amebae. [L. filum, thread, + G. pous, foot]

filopressure
filopressure (fi-lo-presh′ur)

Temporary pressure on a blood vessel by a ligature, which is removed when the flow of blood has ceased. [L. filum, thread]

filovaricosis
filovaricosis (fi′lo-var-e-ko′sis)

A series of swellings along the course of the axon of a nerve fiber. [L. filum, thread, + varix, dilation of vein]

Filoviridae
Filoviridae (fi′lo-vi′ra-da)

A family of filamentous, single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses with an enveloped nucleocapsid. These viruses were formerly classified with the Rhabdoviridae and are associated with hemorrhagic fever. The natural reservoir of these viruses is unknown. See Ebola virus. [L. filum, thread, + virus]

Filovirus
Filovirus (fi′lo-vi-rus)

A genus in the family Filoviridae that includes Marburg and Ebola viruses.

filter
filter (fil′ter)

1. A porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed in order to separate it from contained particulate matter or impurities to sterilize. SYN: filtrum. 2. To use or to subject to the action of a f.. 3. In diagnostic or therapeutic radiology, a plate made of one or more metals such as aluminum and copper which, placed in the x- or gamma ray beam, permits passage of a greater proportion of higher-energy radiation and attenuation of lower-energy and less desirable radiation, raising the average energy or hardening the beam. 4. A device used in spectrophotometric analysis to isolate a segment of the spectrum. 5. A mathematical algorithm applied to image data for the purpose of enhancing image quality, usually by suppression or enhancement of high spatial frequencies. 6. A passive electronic circuit or device that selectively permits the passage of certain electrical signals. 7. A device placed in the inferior vena cava to prevent pulmonary embolism from low extremity clot. There are many variants. [Mediev. L. filtro, pp. -atus, to strain through felt, fr. filtrum, felt]
bandpass f. a device that allows a limited range of frequencies to pass.
Berkefeld f. a bacterial f. used in 1891, made of earth known as Kieselguhr taken from the name of the mine in Hanover, Germany, from which the earth was found. Ground water at this mine had a clear blue color suggesting the use of the earth as a f.. [Berkefield, name of owner of the mine]
bird's nest f. a wire mesh inferior vena cava f..
Greenfield f. a multistrutted, spring-style vena cava f..
high-pass f. a device or material that allows high frequency signals to pass while attenuating other signals.
low-pass f. a device or material with the opposite effect from a high-pass f.; most tissues act as low-pass filters of ultrasound signals.
nitinol f. a vena cava f. made with a metal that springs into shape when warmed to body heat by the blood after catheter insertion.
vena cava f. a f. used for interruption of inferior vena cava to prevent pulmonary embolism; e.g., Greenfield f.. SYN: venocaval f..
venocaval f. SYN: vena cava f..

filtrable
filtrable, filterable (fil′tra-bl, fil′ter-a-bl)

Capable of passing a filter; frequently applied to smaller viruses and some bacteria.

filtrate
filtrate (fil′trat)

That which has passed through a filter.

filtration
filtration (fil-tra′shun)

1. The process of passing a liquid or gas through a filter. 2. In radiology, the process of attenuating and hardening a beam of x- or gamma rays by interposing a filter (3) between the radiation source and the object being irradiated; inherent f. is that which is caused by the apparatus itself, such as the glass of an x-ray tube, without addition of a filter. SYN: percolation (1) .
gel f. separation of molecular sizes by passage of a mixture through columns of beads of cross-linked dextrans or similar relatively inert material of a well-defined pore size range; the larger the molecule, the less time it spends in the interior of the beads, thus emerging earlier from the column than smaller molecules.

filtrum
filtrum (fil′trum)

SYN: filter (1) . [Mediev. L.]
Merkel f. ventriculi SYN: f. ventriculi.
f. ventriculi a groove between the two prominences, in each lateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx, formed by the cuneiform and the arytenoid cartilages. SYN: Merkel f. ventriculi.

filum
filum, pl .fila (fi′lum, -la) [TA]

A structure of filamentous or threadlike appearance. [L. thread]
f. durae matris spinalis SYN: dural part of f. terminale.
fila olfactoria [TA] SYN: olfactory nerves [CN I], under nerve.
olfactory fila SYN: olfactory nerves [CN I], under nerve.
radicular fila the small, individual fiber fascicles into which the roots of all of the spinal nerves and several cranial nerves (hypoglossus, vagus, oculomotorius) divide in fanlike fashion before entering or leaving the spinal cord or brainstem; the spinal dorsal root may divide into 8–12 such rootlets. SYN: fila radicularia [TA] , root filaments.
fila radicularia [TA] SYN: radicular fila.
f. of spinal dura mater SYN: dural part of f. terminale.
terminal f. a long connective tissue (pia mater) strand extending from the extremity of the medullary cone to the inner aspect of the spinal dural sac (pial part of f. terminale [TA], f. terminale internum [TAalt]; stout strands of connective tissue attaching the spinal dural sac to the coccyx (dural part of f. terminale [TA], coccygeal ligament [TAalt], f. terminale externum [TAalt]. SYN: f. terminale [TA] , nervus impar, terminal thread.
f. terminale [TA] SYN: terminal f..
f. terminale externum dural part of f. terminale.
f. terminale internum pial part of f. terminale.

fimbria
fimbria, pl .fimbriae (fim′bre-a, -bre-e)

1. [TA] Any fringelike structure. SYN: fringe. 2. SYN: pilus (2) . [L. fringe]
f. hippocampi [TA] a narrow sharp-edged crest of white fiber matter, continuous with the alveus hippocampi, attached to the medial border of the hippocampus; composed of efferent fibers of the hippocampus that form the fornix, fibers of the hippocampal commissure, and septohippocampal fibers. SYN: f. of hippocampus [TA] , corpus fimbriatum (1) , tenia hippocampi.
f. of hippocampus [TA] SYN: f. hippocampi.
ovarian f. [TA] the longest of the fimbriae of the uterine tube; it extends from the infundibulum to the ovary. SYN: f. ovarica [TA] , infundibulo-ovarian ligament.
f. ovarica [TA] SYN: ovarian f..
fimbriae tubae uterinae [TA] SYN: fimbriae of uterine tube.
fimbriae of uterine tube [TA] the irregularly branched or fringed processes surrounding the ampulla at the abdominal opening of the uterine tube; most of the lining epithelial cells have cilia that beat toward the uterus. SYN: fimbriae tubae uterinae [TA] , laciniae tubae.

fimbriate
fimbriate, fimbriated (fim′bre-at, -a-ted)

Having fimbriae.

fimbriectomy
fimbriectomy (fim′bre-ek′to-me)

Excision of fimbriae. [L. fimbria, fringe, + G. ektome, excision]

fimbrin
fimbrin (fim′brin)

An actin-binding protein that cross-links adjacent filaments tightly to form parallel actin fibers in vertebrate cells. It assists in maintaining cell polarity and development. [L. fimbriae, threads, fibers, + -in]

fimbriocele
fimbriocele (fim′bre-o-sel)

Hernia of the corpus fimbriatum of the oviduct. [L. fimbria, fringe, + G. kele, hernia]

fimbrioplasty
fimbrioplasty (fim′bre-o-plas-te)

Corrective operation upon the tubal fimbriae. [L. fimbria, fringe, + G. plastos, formed]

finasteride
finasteride

A competitive inhibitor of steroid 5α-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone into 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia; also used to treat male pattern baldness and to regrow hair.

Finckh
Finckh

Johann, German psychiatrist, *1873. See F. test.

finding
finding

A clinically significant observation, usually used in relation to one found on physical examination or laboratory test.

fineness
fineness (fin′nes)

A designator used to indicate the precious metal content of an alloy, 1000 fine being 24-carat or pure gold.

finger
finger (fing′ger) [TA]

One of the digits of the hand. SYN: digitus manus [TA] . [A.S.]
baseball f. an avulsion, partial or complete, of the long f. extensor from the base of the distal phalanx. SYN: drop f., hammer f., mallet f..
blubber f. SYN: erysipeloid.
clubbed fingers clubbing.
dead fingers SYN: acroasphyxia.
drop f. SYN: baseball f..
fifth f. SYN: little f..
first f. SYN: thumb.
fourth f. SYN: ring f..
hammer f. SYN: baseball f..
hippocratic fingers clubbing.
index f. [TA] the second f. (the thumb being counted as the first). SYN: digitus (manus) secundus [II]&star, forefinger, index (1) , second f..
jerk f. SYN: trigger f..
little f. [TA] the little or fifth f.. SYN: digitus (manus) minimus [TA] , digitus auricularis, digitus (manus) quintus [V], fifth f..
lock f. SYN: trigger f..
mallet f. SYN: baseball f..
middle f. [TA] third f.. SYN: digitus (manus) medius [TA] , digitus (manus) tertius [III]&star, third f..
ring f. [TA] fourth f.. SYN: digitus anularis [TA] , digitus (manus) quartus IV&star, fourth f..
sausage fingers the thick, short fingers of acromegaly; symmetric, diffusely swollen fingers; an early change in systemic sclerosis.
seal fingers SYN: erysipeloid.
second f. SYN: index f..
snap f. SYN: trigger f..
spade fingers the course, thick fingers of acromegaly or myxedema.
spider f. SYN: arachnodactyly.
spring f. SYN: trigger f..
stuck f. SYN: trigger f..
third f. SYN: middle f..
trigger f. a condition in which the movement of the f. is arrested for a moment in flexion or extension and then continues with a jerk; results from localized swelling of the tendon that interferes with its gliding through the pulleys in the palm of the hand. SYN: jerk f., lock f., snap f., spring f., stuck f..
waxy fingers SYN: acroasphyxia.
webbed fingers two or more fingers united and enclosed in a common sheath of skin.
whale fingers SYN: erysipeloid.
white fingers an occupational disease occurring in operators of pneumatic hammers who are exposed to cold.
zinc f. a zinc-binding domain in a protein structure often seen in certain gene regulatory proteins, e.g., transcription factors.

fingernail
fingernail (fing′ger-nal)

See nail.

fingerprint
fingerprint (fing′ger-print′)

1. An impression of the inked bulb of the distal phalanx of a finger, showing the configuration of the surface ridges, used as a means of identification. SEE ALSO: dermatoglyphics, Galton system of classification of fingerprints. 2. Term, sometimes used informally, referring to any analytic method capable of making fine distinctions between similar compounds or gel patterns; e.g., the pattern of an infrared absorption curve or of a two-dimensional paper chromatograph. 3. In genetics, the analysis of DNA fragments to determine the identity of an individual or the paternity of a child. SYN: genetic f..
Galton system of classification of fingerprints a system of classification based on the variations in the patterns of the ridges, which are grouped into arches, loops, and whorls (A.L.W. or arch-loop-whorl system). “Arches are formed when the ridges run from one side to the other of the bulb of the digit, without making any backward turn, but no twist; whorls, when there is a turn through at least one complete circle; they are also considered to include all duplex spirals.” The abbreviations used in making a record of fingerprints are: a, arch; l, loop; w, whorl; i, loop with an inner (thumb side) slope; o, loop with an outer (little-finger side) slope. The ten digits are registered in four groups as follows, distinguished by capital letters: A, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the right hand; B, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the left hand; C, the thumb and little finger of the right hand; D, the thumb and little finger of the left hand. SEE ALSO: dermatoglyphics.
genetic f. SYN: f. (3) .

finger spelling
finger spelling

A system of communication with a profoundly hearing impaired person by spelling words in which the letters of the alphabet are represented by positions of the fingers.

Fink
Fink

R.P., 20th century U.S. anatomist. See F.-Heimer stain.

Finkeldey
Finkeldey

Wilhelm, 20th century German pathologist. See Warthin-F. cells, under cell.

Finney
Finney

John M.T., U.S. surgeon, 1863–1942. See F. operation, F. pyloroplasty.

fire
fire (fir)

In dentistry, the fusing of water and a powder containing kaolin, feldspar, and other substances to produce porcelain used in restorations and artificial teeth.

firedamp
firedamp (fir′damp)

Methane or other light hydrocarbons forming an explosive mixture when mixed with 7 or 8 volumes of air.

first aid
first aid

Immediate assistance administered in the case of injury or sudden illnes by a bystander or other lay person, before the arrival of trained medical personnel.

Fischer
Fischer

Louis, U.S. pediatrician, 1864–1945. See F. sign, F. symptom.

Fischer
Fischer

Emil, German chemist and Nobel laureate, 1852–1919. See F. projection formulas of sugars, Kiliani-F. synthesis, Kiliani-F. reaction.

Fishberg
Fishberg

Arthur M., U.S. physician, *1898. See F. concentration test.

fish berry
fish berry

The seeds of Anamirta paniculata which contain the amaroid, picrotoxin; a CNS and respiratory stimulant, used in veterinary medicine as an antidote to barbiturates. Name derived from the use of bruised berries thrown into streams to poison or incapacitate fish.

Fisher
Fisher

Ronald A., British medical statistician and geneticist, 1890–1962; invented many statistical tests.

Fisher
Fisher

C. Miller, U.S. neurologist, *1910. See F. syndrome.

Fishman-Lerner unit
Fishman-Lerner unit

See under unit.

fission
fission (fish′un)

1. The act of splitting, e.g., amitotic division of a cell or its nucleus. 2. Splitting of the nucleus of an atom. [L. fissio, a cleaving, fr. findo, pp. fissus, to cleave]
binary f. simple f. in which the two new cells are approximately equal in size.
bud f. SYN: gemmation.
multiple f. division of the nucleus, simultaneously or successively, into a number of daughter nuclei, followed by division of the cell body into an equal number of parts, each containing a nucleus.
simple f. division of the nucleus and then the cell body into two parts. SEE ALSO: binary f..

fissiparity
fissiparity (fis-i-par′i-te)

SYN: schizogenesis. [L. fissio, cleaving, fr. findo, to cleave, + pario, to bring forth]

fissiparous
fissiparous (fi-sip′a-rus)

Reproducing or propagating by fission. [L. findo, pp. fissus, split, + pario, to produce]

fissula
fissula (fiz-u-la)

Diminutive of fissure; a small fissure or cleft.
f. ante fenestram [TA] minute, slitlike passage in the labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity, extending obliquely from the region of the cochleaform process to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth, anterior to the oval window; it is considered to be an extension of the perilymphatic space, but is occupied by a small band of connective tissue that is continuous with the mucosa of the tympanic cavity.

fissura
fissura, pl .fissurae (fi-soo′ra, -soo′re) [TA]

1. SYN: fissure. 2. In neuroanatomy, a particularly deep sulcus of the surface of the brain or spinal cord. [L. fr. findo, to cleave]
f. antitragohelicina [TA] a fissure in the auricular cartilage between the cauda helicis and the antitragus. SYN: antitragohelicine fissure.
f. calcarina SYN: calcarine sulcus.
fissurae cerebelli [TA] SYN: cerebellar fissures, under fissure.
f. cerebri lateralis SYN: lateral sulcus.
f. choroidea [TA] SYN: optic fissure.
f. collateralis SYN: collateral sulcus.
f. dentata SYN: hippocampal sulcus.
f. hippocampi SYN: hippocampal sulcus.
f. horizontalis [TA] SYN: horizontal fissure [TA] of cerebellum.
f. horizontalis pulmonis dextri [TA] SYN: transverse fissure of the right lung.
f. intersemilunaris [TA] SYN: ansoparamedian fissure.
f. intraculminalis [TA] SYN: intraculminate fissure.
f. ligamenti teretis hepatis [TA] SYN: fissure for ligamentum teres.
f. ligamenti venosi [TA] SYN: fissure for ligamentum venosum.
f. longitudinalis cerebri [TA] SYN: longitudinal cerebral fissure.
f. mediana anterior medullae oblongatae [TA] SYN: anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata.
f. mediana anterior medullae spinalis [TA] SYN: anterior median fissure of spinal cord.
f. obliqua pulmonis [TA] SYN: oblique fissure of lung.
f. orbitalis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior orbital fissure.
f. orbitalis superior [TA] SYN: superior orbital fissure.
f. parietooccipitalis SYN: parietooccipital sulcus.
f. petro-occipitalis [TA] SYN: petrooccipital fissure.
f. petrosquamosa [TA] SYN: petrosquamous fissure.
f. petrotympanica [TA] SYN: petrotympanic fissure.
f. posterior superior [TA] SYN: posterior superior fissure.
f. posterolateralis [TA] SYN: posterolateral fissure.
f. precentralis [TA] SYN: precentral fissure.
f. preculminalis [TA] SYN: preculminate fissure.
f. prepyramidalis [TA] SYN: prepyramidal fissure.
f. prima cerebelli [TA] SYN: primary fissure of cerebellum.
f. pterygoidea SYN: pterygoid notch.
f. pterygomaxillaris [TA] SYN: pterygomaxillary fissure.
f. pterygopalatina SYN: pterygomaxillary fissure.
f. pudendi SYN: pudendal cleft.
f. secunda cerebelli [TA] SYN: secondary fissure [TA] of cerebellum.
f. sphenopetrosa [TA] SYN: petrosphenoidal fissure.
f. transversa cerebelli SYN: transverse fissure of cerebellum.
f. transversa cerebri [TA] SYN: transverse cerebral fissure.
f. tympanomastoidea [TA] SYN: tympanomastoid fissure.
f. tympanosquamosa [TA] SYN: tympanosquamous fissure.

fissural
fissural (fish′u-ral)

Relating to a fissure.

fissuration
fissuration (fish′u-ra′shun)

State of being fissured.

fissure
fissure (fish′ur) [TA]

1. A deep furrow, cleft, or slit.(For most of the brain fissures, see entries under sulcus). 2. In dentistry, a developmental break or fault in the tooth enamel. SYN: fissura (1) [TA] . [L. fissura]
abdominal f. congenital failure of the ventral body wall to close. SEE ALSO: celosomia, gastroschisis.
Ammon f. a round opening in the sclera during early embryogenesis.
anal f. a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus, very painful and difficult to heal.
ansoparamedian f. [TA] the f. separating lobule HVIIA, crus II of the ansiform lobule, from lobule HVIIB, the paramedian lobule, of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum. SYN: fissura intersemilunaris [TA] , intersemilunar f..
anterior median f. of medulla oblongata [TA] the longitudinal groove in the midline of the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata; it is the medullary equivalent of the anterior median f. of the spinal cord and ends at the foramen cecum posterius; its caudal part is obliterated by the decussation of the pyramids. SYN: fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae [TA] , anteromedian groove (1) .
anterior median f. of spinal cord [TA] a deep median f. on the anterior surface of the spinal cord. SYN: fissura mediana anterior medullae spinalis [TA] , anteromedian groove (2) , sulcus ventralis.
antitragohelicine f. SYN: fissura antitragohelicina.
ape f. obsolete term for lunate sulcus [TA] of occipital lobe.
auricular f. SYN: tympanomastoid f..
azygos f. the four-layered pleural fold that separates an azygos lobe from the rest of the right upper lobe of the lung, seen as an oblique line curving down from the right apex toward the mediastinal shadow on a chest radiograph. The azygos vein is projected as a teardrop shadow at the inferior end of the azygos f..
Bichat f. the nearly circular f. corresponding to the medial margin of the cerebral (pallial) mantle, marking the hilus of the cerebral hemisphere, consisting of the callosomarginal f. and choroidal f. along the hippocampus, both of which are continuous with the stem of the f. of Sylvius at the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe.
branchial f. a persistent branchial cleft.
Broca f. the f. surrounding Broca convolution.
calcarine f. SYN: calcarine sulcus.
callosomarginal f. SYN: cingulate sulcus.
caudal transverse f. SYN: porta hepatis.
cerebellar fissures the deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum. SEE ALSO: postcentral f., primary f. of cerebellum, secondary f. [TA] of cerebellum. SYN: fissurae cerebelli [TA] .
cerebral fissures the variously named fissures of the cerebral hemispheres. SEE ALSO: sulci cerebri, under sulcus.
choroid f. SYN: optic f..
choroidal f. [TA] 1. SYN: optic f.. 2. the narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn;
Clevenger f. SYN: inferior temporal sulcus.
collateral f. SYN: collateral sulcus.
decidual f. a cleft in the decidua basalis or placenta.
dentate f. SYN: hippocampal sulcus.
Duverney fissures SYN: notch in cartilage of acoustic meatus.
Ecker f. SYN: petrooccipital f..
enamel f. a deep cleft between adjoining cusps affording retention to caries-producing agents.
glaserian f. SYN: petrotympanic f..
great horizontal f. SYN: horizontal f. [TA] of cerebellum.
great longitudinal f. SYN: longitudinal cerebral f..
Henle fissures minute spaces filled with connective tissue between the muscular fasciculi of the heart.
hippocampal f. SYN: hippocampal sulcus.
horizontal f. of right lung SYN: transverse f. of the right lung.
horizontal f. [TA] of cerebellum horizontal f. that divides the ansiform lobule into its major parts, crus I (superior semilunar lobule) and crus II (inferior semilunar lobule). SYN: fissura horizontalis [TA] , great horizontal f..
inferior accessory f. the f. that commonly separates the medial basal segment of the right lower lobe of the lung from the other basal segments, occasionally seen as an oblique line near the right heart border on chest radiographs.
inferior orbital f. [TA] a cleft between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the orbital plate of the maxilla, through which pass the maxillary division and the orbital branch of the trigeminal nerve, fibers from the pterygopalatine (Meckel) ganglion, and the infraorbital vessels. SYN: fissura orbitalis inferior [TA] , sphenomaxillary f..
intersemilunar f. [offalt TA] SYN: ansoparamedian f..
intraculminate f. [TA] the f. located within the culminate lobule separating lobule IV from lobule V in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and extending to the lateral margin of the cerebellum. SYN: fissura intraculminalis [TA] .
lateral cerebral f. SYN: lateral sulcus.
left sagittal f. a sagittal groove on the undersurface of the liver formed by the f. for round ligament anteriorly and the f. for ligamentum venosum posteriorly.
f. for ligamentum teres [TA] a cleft on the inferior surface of the liver, running from the inferior border to the left extremity of the porta hepatis; it lodges the round ligament of the liver. SYN: fissura ligamenti teretis hepatis [TA] , f. for round ligament of liver&star, fossa venae umbilicalis, umbilical f., umbilical fossa.
f. for ligamentum venosum [TA] a deep cleft extending from the porta hepatis and the inferior vena cava between the left lobe and the caudate lobe; it lodges the ligamentum venosum and is thus a vestige of the fossa of the ductus venosus. SYN: fissura ligamenti venosi [TA] , f. of venous ligament.
linguogingival f. a f. sometimes occurring on the lingual surface of one of the upper incisors and extending into the cementum.
fissures of liver left sagittal f., right sagittal f., porta hepatis, f. for ligamentum teres, f. for ligamentum venosum.
longitudinal cerebral f. [TA] the deep cleft separating the two hemispheres of the cerebrum. SYN: fissura longitudinalis cerebri [TA] , great longitudinal f..
lunate f. [TA] SYN: lunate sulcus.
fissures of lung transverse f. of the right lung, oblique f. of lung.
major f. SYN: oblique f. of lung.
minor f. SYN: transverse f. of the right lung.
oblique f. SYN: oblique f. of lung.
oblique f. of lung [TA] the deep f. in each lung that runs obliquely downward and forward. It divides the upper and lower lobes of the left lung and separates the upper and middle lobes from the lower lobe of the right lung. SYN: fissura obliqua pulmonis [TA] , major f., oblique f..
optic f. in the embryo, the temporary gap in the ventral margin of the developing optic cup. SYN: choroidal f. (1) [TA] , fissura choroidea [TA] , choroid f..
oral f. [TA] the mouth slit; the aperture of the mouth. SYN: rima oris [TA] , oral opening&star.
palpebral f. [TA] the lid slit, or f. between the eyelids. SYN: rima palpebrarum [TA] .
Pansch f. a cerebral f. (sulcus) running from the lower extremity of the central f. (sulcus) nearly to the end of the occipital lobe.
paracentral f. See paracentral sulcus.
parietooccipital f. SYN: parietooccipital sulcus.
petrooccipital f. [TA] a f. between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone that extends anteromedially from the jugular foramen; includes the jugular foramen (at its posterior end). SYN: fissura petro-occipitalis [TA] , Ecker f..
petrosphenoidal f. [TA] highly variable opening between the medial portion of the posterior border of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (posterior to foramen ovale) and the medial portion of the anterior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone; it may be seen as a wide, lateral extension of the foramen lacerum in the dry skull, or it may be closed, especially laterally, taking the form of a petrosphenoidal suture rather than a f.. SYN: fissura sphenopetrosa [TA] , sphenopetrosal f..
petrosquamous f. [TA] a shallow f. indicating externally the line of fusion of the petrous and squamous portions of the temporal bone. SYN: fissura petrosquamosa [TA] .
petrotympanic f. [TA] a f. between the tympanic and petrous portions of the temporal bone; it transmits the chorda tympani nerve through a small patent portion, the anterior canaliculus of the chorda tympani. SYN: fissura petrotympanica [TA] , glaserian f..
portal f. SYN: porta hepatis.
postcentral f. a f. on the superior surface of the cerebellum separating the culmen from the central lobule.
posterior median f. of the medulla oblongata SYN: posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata.
posterior median f. of spinal cord SYN: posterior median sulcus of spinal cord.
posterior superior f. [TA] the f. located between lobules VI and VII of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum and extending to the lateral margin of the cerebellum. SYN: fissura posterior superior [TA] .
posterolateral f. [TA] the earliest f. to appear in the development of the cerebellum; it separates the flocculus and nodulus from the uvula and tonsil. SYN: fissura posterolateralis [TA] , prenodular f..
posthippocampal f. SYN: calcarine sulcus.
postlingual f. a transverse f. on the superior vermis of the cerebellum separating the lingula from the central lobule.
postlunate f. a transverse f. on the superior vermis of the cerebellum separating the posterior lunate lobule in front from the ansiform lobule behind.
postpyramidal f. a f. that separates the pyramid of the cerebellum from the tuber.
postrhinal f. a f. separating the hippocampal from the collateral gyrus.
precentral f. [TA] the f. located between the anterior and posterior parts (lobules II and III) of the central lobule of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum; extends from the vermis to the cerebellar margin; precentral f. a is found between lobule I and lobule II, the latter of which forms the anterior part of the central lobule. SYN: fissura precentralis [TA] .
preculminate f. [TA] the f. located between lobules III and IV of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, representing the f. between the central lobule and culmen; extends from the vermis to the cerebellar margin. SYN: fissura preculminalis [TA] .
prenodular f. SYN: posterolateral f..
prepyramidal f. [TA] the f. located between lobules VIIB and VIII of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum; continues from the vermis into the hemisphere where it separates lobule HVIIB from HVIIIA. SYN: fissura prepyramidalis [TA] .
primary f. of cerebellum [TA] the deepest f. of the cerebellum; demarcates the division of anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum; second to appear embryologically. SYN: fissura prima cerebelli [TA] .
pterygoid f. SYN: pterygoid notch.
pterygomaxillary f. [TA] the narrow gap between the lateral pterygoid plate and the infratemporal surface of the maxilla through which the infratemporal fossa communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa; gives passage to the third part of the maxillary artery and the posterior superior alveolar arteries, veins and nerves. SYN: fissura pterygomaxillaris [TA] , fissura pterygopalatina.
rhinal f. SYN: rhinal sulcus.
right sagittal f. a sagittal groove on the undersurface of the liver formed by the fossa for gallbladder anteriorly and the groove for vena cava posteriorly.
f. of Rolando SYN: central sulcus.
f. for round ligament of liver f. for ligamentum teres.
Santorini fissures SYN: notch in cartilage of acoustic meatus.
secondary f. [TA] of cerebellum a f. that separates the uvula of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum from the pyramid. SYN: fissura secunda cerebelli [TA] .
simian f. SYN: lunate sulcus.
sphenoidal f. SYN: superior orbital f..
sphenomaxillary f. SYN: inferior orbital f..
sphenopetrosal f. SYN: petrosphenoidal f..
squamotympanic f. SYN: tympanosquamous f..
superior orbital f. [TA] a cleft between the greater and the lesser wings of the sphenoid establishing a channel of communication between the middle cranial fossa and the orbit, through which pass the oculomotor and trochlear nerves, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, the abducens nerve, and the ophthalmic veins. SYN: fissura orbitalis superior [TA] , foramen lacerum anterius, sphenoidal f..
superior temporal f. SYN: superior temporal sulcus.
sylvian f., f. of Sylvius SYN: lateral sulcus.
transverse f. of cerebellum the cleft caused by the protrusion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum over the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles. SYN: fissura transversa cerebelli.
transverse cerebral f. [TA] the triangular space between the corpus callosum and fornix above and the dorsal surface of the thalamus below, which is bounded laterally by the choroid f. of the lateral ventricle, lined by pia mater, and opens caudally into the cistern of the great cerebral vein of the subarachnoid space. SYN: fissura transversa cerebri [TA] .
transverse f. of the right lung [TA] the deep f. that separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung. SYN: fissura horizontalis pulmonis dextri [TA] , horizontal f. of right lung, minor f..
tympanomastoid f. [TA] a f. separating the tympanic portion from the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; it transmits the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. SYN: fissura tympanomastoidea [TA] , auricular f., tympanomastoid suture.
tympanosquamous f. [TA] the f. separating the tympanic part of the temporal bone from the squamous part; it is continuous medially with the petrotympanic f. and the petrosquamous f.. SYN: fissura tympanosquamosa [TA] , squamotympanic f..
umbilical f. SYN: f. for ligamentum teres.
f. of venous ligament SYN: f. for ligamentum venosum.
vestibular f. of cochlea a fine f. in the lower part of the first turn of the cochlea, formed by a spiral lamina which projects from the outer wall of the cochlea but does not quite reach the osseous spiral lamina, thus leaving a narrow gap.
zygal f. a figure formed by two nearly parallel cerebral fissures connected by a short f. at right angles, forming an H.

fistula
fistula, pl .fistulaefistulas (fis′tu-la, -tu-le, -tu-las)

An abnormal passage from one epithelial surface to another epithelial surface. [L. a pipe, a tube]
abdominal f. a fistulous passage connecting one of the abdominal viscera to the external surface.
amphibolic f., amphibolous f. a complete anal f. opening both externally and internally.
anal f. a f. opening at or near the anus; usually, but not always, opening into the rectum above the internal sphincter.
arteriovenous f. an abnormal connection, either spontaneous or surgically created, between an artery and a vein.
f. auris congenita a congenital f. anterior to the root of the helix resulting from a defect in the formation of the auricle of the ear.
biliary f. a f. leading to some portion of the biliary tract.
f. bimucosa a complete f., both ends of which open on the mucous surface.
blind f. a f. that ends in a cul-de-sac, being open at one extremity only. SYN: incomplete f..
BP f. SYN: bronchopleural f..
branchial f. a congenital f. in the neck resulting from incomplete closure of a branchial cleft or pouch.
Brescia-Cimino f. a direct, surgically created, arteriovenous f.; used to facilitate chronic hemodialysis.
bronchobiliary f. communication between a bronchus and the biliary system, e.g., after a ruptured hepatic abscess.
bronchocavitary f. a communication between the bronchus and a lung abscess cavity.
bronchoesophageal f. communication between a bronchus and the esophagus; may occur in association with either infection or tumors involving a bronchus or the esophagus.
bronchopleural f. communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity; usually caused by necrotizing pneumonia or empyema; also may follow pulmonary surgery or irradiation. SYN: BP f..
bronchopleural-cutaneous f. a communication between the tracheobronchial tree and the skin that traverses the pleural space.
carotid-cavernous f. a fistulous communication, of spontaneous or traumatic origin, between the cavernous sinus and the traversing internal carotid artery; a pulsating unilateral exophthalmos and a detectable cranial bruit are common manifestations.
cholecystoduodenal f. an abnormal communication between gallbladder and duodenum, often secondary to severe cholecystitis with perforation and abscess formation; when stones are present in the gallbladder they may erode through the adjacent duodenal wall; if large stones pass into the duodenum, they may cause gallstone ileus.
chyle f. a leak of chyle from a lymph vessel to the skin surface; a complication of radical neck dissection when the thoracic duct is injured.
coccygeal f. a fistulous opening of a dermoid cyst in the coccygeal region.
colocutaneous f. a fistulous passage connecting the colon and the skin.
coloileal f. a fistulous passage connecting the colon and the ileum.
colonic f. 1. internal, a fistulous passage connecting the colon and a hollow viscus; 2. external, a fistulous passage connecting the colon and the skin.
colovaginal f. a fistulous passage connecting the colon and vagina.
colovesical f. a fistulous passage connecting the colon and urinary bladder. SYN: vesicocolic f..
complete f. a f. that is open at both ends.
congenital pulmonary arteriovenous f. abnormal congenital communication between pulmonary arteries and veins usually found in the lung parenchyma.
dental f. SYN: gingival f..
duodenal f. an opening through the duodenal wall and into another epithelial lined organ or through the abdominal wall.
dural cavernous sinus f. a vascular shunt between the meningeal branches of the internal or external carotid arteries, under artery and the cavernous sinus.
Eck f. transposition of the portal circulation to the systemic by making an anastomosis between the vena cava and portal vein and then ligating the latter close to the liver.
enterocutaneous f. a fistulous passage connecting the intestine and skin of the abdomen.
enterovaginal f. a fistulous passage connecting the intestine and the vagina.
enterovesical f. a fistulous passage connecting the intestine and the bladder.
ethmoidal-lacrimal f. a fistulous communication between the lacrimal sac and the ethmoidal sinus. SYN: internal lacrimal f..
external f. a fistulous pasage connecting a hollow viscus and the skin.
fecal f. SYN: intestinal f..
gastric f. a fistulous passage connecting the stomach to the abdominal wall.
gastrocolic f. a fistulous passage connecting the stomach and the colon.
gastrocutaneous f. a fistulous passage connecting the stomach and the skin.
gastroduodenal f. a fistulous passage connecting the stomach to the duodenum.
gastrointestinal f. a fistulous passage connecting the stomach with the intestine.
genitourinary f. a fistulous opening into the urogenital tract. SYN: urogenital f..
gingival f. a sinus tract originating in a peripheral abscess and opening into the oral cavity on the gingiva. SYN: dental f..
hepatic f. a fistulous passage leading to the liver.
hepatopleural f. a fistulous passage connecting the liver and the pleural space.
horseshoe f. an anal f. partially encircling the anus and opening at both extremities on the cutaneous surface.
H-type f. a rare form of congenital tracheoesophageal f. in which there is no esophageal atresia, manifest as aspiration pneumonias. SYN: H-type tracheoesophageal f..
H-type tracheoesophageal f. SYN: H-type f..
incomplete f. SYN: blind f..
internal f. a fistulous passage connecting hollow viscera.
internal lacrimal f. SYN: ethmoidal-lacrimal f..
intestinal f. a tract leading from the lumen of the intestine to the exterior. SYN: fecal f..
labyrinthine f. a f. between a fluid-filled compartment of the inner ear and another fluid-filled compartment in the inner ear (internal) or a space external to the inner ear as the middle ear or mastoid air cells or subarachnoid space (external); it may result in auditory and vestibular disturbances, depending on its location.
lacrimal f., f. lacrimalis an abnormal opening into a tear duct or the lacrimal sac.
lacteal f. a fistulous opening into one of the lactiferous ducts. SYN: mammary f..
lymphatic f. a congenital f. in the neck connecting with a lymphatic vessel and giving exit to lymph.
mammary f. SYN: lacteal f..
Mann-Bollman f. a f. used in experimental investigations; a loop of ileum is isolated, the distal (aboral) end is anastomosed laterally to the duodenum or the small intestine, and the open proximal (oral) end is sutured to the abdominal wall; peristaltic waves travel from oral to aboral end, with leakage to the exterior thus reduced to a minimum.
metroperitoneal f. SYN: uteroperitoneal f..
oroantral f. a pathologic communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus, most commonly a complication of maxillary or molar tooth extraction.
orofacial f. a pathologic communication between the oral cavity and the face.
oronasal f. a pathologic communication between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity.
parietal f. a f., either blind or complete, opening on the wall of the thorax or abdomen. SYN: thoracic f..
perilymphatic f. a f. between the vestibule of the inner ear and the middle ear through which perilymph can leak, resulting in auditory and vestibular disturbances; common sites for perilymphatic f. are the oval window through or around the footplate of the stapes or the round window through the round window membrane.
perineovaginal f. a fistulous passage connecting the perineum and the vagina.
pilonidal f. SYN: pilonidal sinus.
pulmonary f. a parietal f. communicating with the lung.
rectolabial f. a fistulous passage connecting the rectum to the surface of a labium majus. SYN: rectovulvar f..
rectourethral f. a fistulous passage connecting the rectum and the urethra.
rectovaginal f. a fistulous passage connecting the rectum and the vagina.
rectovesical f. a fistulous passage connecting the rectum and the bladder.
rectovestibular f. a fistulous passage connecting the rectum and the vestibule of the vagina.
rectovulvar f. SYN: rectolabial f..
reverse Eck f. side-to-side anastomosis of the portal vein with the inferior vena cava and ligation of the latter above the anastomosis but below the hepatic veins; the blood from the lower part of the body is thus directed through the hepatic circulation.
salivary f. a pathologic communication between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface.
sigmoidovesical f. a fistulous passage connecting the sigmoid colon and urinary bladder.
spermatic f. a f. communicating with the testis or any of the seminal passages.
T-E f. SYN: tracheoesophageal f..
Thiry f. an artificial f. for collecting the intestinal secretions of an animal for experimental purposes; a loop of intestine is isolated, its vascular and nervous connections are preserved, after the continuity of the intestinal tract is restored by an end-to-end anastomosis; one end of the isolated segment is closed, the other attached to the skin of the abdomen.
Thiry-Vella f. experimental isolation of a segment of intestine in an animal; a loop of intestine is isolated, its vascular and nervous connections are preserved, and continuity of the intestinal tract is restored by an end-to-end anastomosis, each end of the isolated segment is connected to an independent opening in the abdominal wall. SYN: Vella f..
thoracic f. SYN: parietal f..
tracheobiliary f. a rare congenital anastomosis between an accessory bronchus and aberrant biliary duct system.
tracheoesophageal f. fistulous passage connecting the trachea and esophagus; often associated with esophageal atresia; may also be acquired; in the adult, etiology is similar to that of bronchoesophageal f.. SYN: T-E f..
umbilical f. a fistulous passage connecting the intestine or urachus at the umbilicus.
urachal f. a fistulous passage connecting the urachus with a hollow organ.
ureterocutaneous f. a f. between the ureter and the skin.
ureterovaginal f. a f. between the lower ureter and vagina.
urethrocutaneous f. f. between urethra and penile skin; most likely a complication of hypospadias repair.
urethrovaginal f. a f. between the urethra and the vagina.
urinary f. a f. resulting in abnormal drainage of urine to the skin or into another organ.
urogenital f. SYN: genitourinary f..
uteroperitoneal f. a fistulous passage connecting the cavity of the uterus with the peritoneal cavity. SYN: metroperitoneal f..
Vella f. SYN: Thiry-Vella f..
vesical f. a fistulous passage from the urinary bladder.
vesicocolic f. SYN: colovesical f..
vesicocutaneous f. a f. between the bladder and the skin.
vesicointestinal f. a fistulous passage connecting the urinary bladder and the small intestine.
vesicouterine f. a f. between the bladder and the uterus.
vesicovaginal f. f. between the bladder and the vagina.
vesicovaginorectal f. a fistulous passage connecting the vagina, the bladder, and rectum.
vitelline f. a f. between the umbilicus and the terminal ileum along the course of a persistent vitelline cord. See Meckel diverticulum.

fistulation
fistulation, fistulization (fis-tu-la′shun, -tu-li-za′shun)

Formation of a fistula in a part; becoming fistulous.

fistulatome
fistulatome (fis′tu-la-tom)

A long, thin-bladed, probe-pointed knife for slitting open a fistula. SYN: fistula knife, syringotome. [fistula + G. tome, a cutting]

fistulectomy
fistulectomy (fis-tu-lek′to-me)

Excision of a fistula. SYN: syringectomy. [fistula + G. ektome, excision]

fistuloenterostomy
fistuloenterostomy (fis′tu-lo-en-ter-os′to-me)

An operation connecting a fistula with the intestine. [fistula + G. enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth]

fistulotomy
fistulotomy (fis-tu-lot′o-me)

Incision or surgical enlargement of a fistula. SYN: syringotomy. [fistula + G. tome, incision]

fistulous
fistulous (fis′tu-lus)

Relating to or containing a fistula.

fit
fit

1. An attack of an acute disease or the sudden appearance of some symptom, such as coughing. 2. A convulsion. 3. (plural) epilepsy 4. In dentistry, the adaptation of any dental restoration, e.g., of an inlay to the cavity preparation in a tooth, or of a denture to its basal seat. [A.S. fitt]
induced f. a conformational change in a macromolecule ( E.G., protein) as a result of multiple weak interactions with a ligand or substrate.
uncinate f. SYN: temporal lobe epilepsy.

FITC
FITC

Abbreviation for fluorescein isothiocyanate.

fitness
fitness (fit′nes)

1. Well-being. 2. Suitability. 3. In population genetics, a measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of a given individual or phenotype, or of a population subgroup. 4. A set of attributes, primarily respiratory and cardiovascular, relating to ability to perform tasks requiring expenditure of energy.
clinical f. absence of frank disease or of subclinical precursors.
evolutionary f. the probability that the line of descent from an individual with a specific trait will not eventually die out.
genetic f. in a phenotype, the mean number of surviving offspring that it generates in its lifetime, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage of the average genetic f. of the population.
physical f. a state of well-being in which performance is optimal.

Fitz-Hugh
Fitz-Hugh

T., Jr., U.S. physician, 1894–1963. See Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome.

fixation
fixation (fik-sa′shun)

1. The condition of being firmly attached or set. 2. In histology, the rapid killing of tissue elements and their preservation and hardening to retain as nearly as possible the same relations they had in the living body. SYN: fixing. 3. In chemistry, the conversion of a gas into solid or liquid form by chemical reactions, with or without the help of living tissue. 4. In psychoanalysis, the quality of being firmly attached to a particular person or object or period in one's development. 5. In physiologic optics, the coordinated positioning and accommodation of both eyes that results in bringing or maintaining a sharp image of a stationary or moving object on the fovea of each eye. [L. figo, pp. fixus, to fix, fasten]
ammonia f. SYN: ammonia assimilation.
bifoveal f. SYN: binocular f..
binocular f. a condition in which both eyes are simultaneously directed to the same target. SYN: bifoveal f..
circumalveolar f. stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed through and around the dental alveolar process.
circummandibular f. stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed around the mandible.
circumzygomatic f. stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed around the zygomatic arch.
complement f. f. of complement in a serum by an antigen-antibody combination whereby it is rendered unavailable to complete a reaction in a second antigen-antibody combination for which complement is necessary; the second system usually serves as an indicator (red blood cells plus specific hemolysin); if complement is fixed with the first antigen-antibody union, hemolysis does not occur, but, if complement is not so removed, it causes hemolysis in the second system; this technique is the basis for complement f. tests, which are widely used in laboratories for the detection of antigens or antibodies. SEE ALSO: Bordet-Gengou phenomenon, Wassermann test. SYN: CF test, complement binding assay.
craniofacial f. stabilization of facial fractures to the cranial base by direct wiring or by external skeletal pin f..
crossed f. in convergent strabismus, the use of the right inturned eye to look at objects to the left and the left inturned eye to look at objects to the right, in order to avoid ocular rotation.
eccentric f. a monocular condition in which the line of sight connects the object and an extrafoveal retinal area.
elastic band f. the stabilization of fractured segments of the jaws by means of intermaxillary elastics applied to splints or appliances.
external f. f. of fractured bones by splints, plastic dressings, or transfixion pins.
external pin f. in oral surgery, stabilization of fractures of the mandible, maxilla, or zygoma by pins or screws drilled into the bony part through the overlying skin and connected by a metal bar.
external pin f., biphase pin f. by replacing the rigid metal bar connector with an acrylic bar adapted at the time of reduction of the fracture.
freudian f. f. (4) .
genetic f. the increase of the frequency of a gene by genetic drift until no other allele is preserved in a specific finite population.
intermaxillary f. f. of fractures of the mandible or maxilla by applying elastic bands or stainless steel wire between the maxillary and mandibular arch bars or other types of splint. SYN: mandibulomaxillary f., maxillomandibular f..
internal f. stabilization of fractured bony parts by direct f. to one another with surgical wires, screws, pins, rods, or plates. SYN: intraosseous f..
intraosseous f. SYN: internal f..
mandibulomaxillary f. SYN: intermaxillary f..
maxillomandibular f. SYN: intermaxillary f..
nasomandibular f. mandibular immobilization, especially for edentulous jaws, with maxillomandibular splints, attached by connecting a circum-mandibular wire with an intraoral interosseous wire passed through a hole drilled into the anterior nasal spine of the maxillae.
nitrogen f. process in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia.

fixative
fixative (fik′sa-tiv)

1. Serving to fix, bind, or make firm or stable. 2. A substance used for the preservation of gross and histologic specimens of tissue, or individual cells, usually by denaturing and precipitating or cross-linking the protein constituents. SEE ALSO: fluid, solution.
acetone f. acetone used at low temperatures to fix enzymes, particularly phosphatases; it removes fat and glycogen.
AFA f. a combination of alcohol, formalin, and acetic acid used for the fixation of nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes.
alcohol-glycerin f. alcohol (70%) with 5% glycerin; suitable for most nematodes.
Altmann f. a bichromate-osmic acid f..
Bouin f. a solution of glacial acetic acid, formalin, and picric acid, useful for soft and delicate tissues (as those of embryos) and small pieces of tissues; it preserves glycogen and nuclei and permits brilliant staining, but penetrates slowly, distorts kidney tissue and mitochondria, and does not permit Feulgen stain for DNA.
Carnoy f. ethanol, chloroform, and acetic acid (6:3:1) or ethanol and acetic acid (3:1), an extremely rapid f. used for glycogen preservation and as a nuclear f..
Champy f. a mixture of potassium bichromate, chromic acid, and osmic acid, considered an excellent cytologic f. with advantages and disadvantages similar to those of Flemming's f.; it differs from Flemming f. in substituting bichromate for acetic acid.
Flemming f. a mixture of chromic acid, osmic acid, and acetic acid that makes an excellent cytoplasmic and chromosomal f., especially when acetic acid is omitted; disadvantages are that it penetrates poorly, requires lengthy washing, and deterioriates rapidly.
formaldehyde f. a widely used fixing agent for pathologic histology; the commercial solution is 37–40% formaldehyde and is known as 100% formalin or formol; a common impurity is formic acid, which must be neutralized or the f. made in buffer solution; tissues fixed may have a pigment artifact precipitated.
formol-calcium f. a f. for preservation of lipids.
formol-Müller f. Müller f. containing 2% commercial formalin.
formol-saline f. a general f. for histologic and histochemical preparations.
formol-Zenker f. Zenker f. in which glacial acetic acid has been replaced by formalin.
glutaraldehyde f. a f. used in phosphate or cacodylate buffer for electron microscopy, and as a chromatin and enzyme f.; may be used preceding osmic acid as a second f. to add membrane preservation for electron microscopy.
Golgi osmiobichromate f. an osmic-bichromate mixture used to demonstrate nerve cells and their processes.
Helly f. a combination of potassium dichromate, mercuric chloride, formaldehyde, and distilled water, used as a microanatomic f. for cytoplasmic granules and nuclear staining; has the same disadvantages as Zenker f..
Hermann f. a hardening f. of glacial acetic acid, osmic acid, and platinum chloride.
Kaiserling f. a method of preserving histologic and pathologic specimens without altering the color, by immersing them in an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate, potassium acetate, and formalin.
Luft potassium permanganate f. a f. useful in electron microscopy for cytologic preservation of lipoprotein complexes in membranes and myelin, because of its oxidative properties.
Marchi f. a mixture of Müller f. with osmium tetroxide, with potassium chlorate substituted for the potassium dichromate of Müller f. for better results; used to demonstrate degenerating myelin. SEE ALSO: Marchi stain.
methanol f. a f. used with dry blood films, and often incorporated into the stain used.
Müller f. a hardening f. composed of potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, and distilled water, similar to Regaud f..
neutral buffered formalin f. a general histologic f. less likely to leave formalin deposits in tissue than formol-saline f..
Newcomer f. a f. containing isopropanol, propionic acid, and dioxane, recommended as a substitute for Carnoy f. in preservation of chromatin; also useful for fixing polysaccharides; small pieces of tissue must be used, although excessive shrinkage may still occur.
Orth f. formalin added to Müller f., used for bringing out chromaffin, studying early degenerative processes and necrosis, and for demonstrating rickettsiae and bacteria.
osmic acid f. a f. used alone in buffer or as a postfixative after a glutaraldehyde f. in electron microscopy; an excellent membrane f. but a poor preservative of chromatin.
Park-Williams f. a f. for spirochetes, comprised of a 2% solution of osmic acid to the fumes of which the bacteria are exposed for a few seconds.
picroformol f. a f. containing formalin and picric acid.
PVA f. schaudinn f. using either a mercuric chloride, zinc sulfate, or copper sulfate base; contains polyvinyl alcohol plastic powder that is used as an adhesive for fecal specimens in the preparation of permanent smears for subsequent staining.
Regaud f. a f. containing formaldehyde and sodium dichromate, used to preserve mitochondria but not fat; requires afterchroming and extensive washing.
SAF f. sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin mixture used to fix fecal specimens for subsequent concentration and staining of smears.
Schaudinn f. a solution of mercuric chloride, sodium chloride, alcohol, and glacial acetic acid, used on wet smears for cytologic fixation.
single vial fixatives proprietary and commercially available solutions used for stool fixation; from the single vial, a concentration, permanent stain, and some immunoassay procedures can be performed.
Thoma f. nitric acid in 95% alcohol, used for decalcifying bone in the preparation of histologic specimens.
Zenker f. a rapid f. consisting of mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, glacial acetic acid, and water, useful for trichrome stains; must be washed to remove potassium dichromate and treated with iodine solution to remove mercuric chloride; tissues tend to become brittle if left in the f. for more than 24 hours.

fixator
fixator (fik-sa′ter)

A device providing rigid immobilization through external skeletal fixation by means of rods (f.'s) attached to pins which are placed in or through the bone.

fixing
fixing (fik′sing)

SYN: fixation (2) .

flaccid
flaccid (flak′sid, flas′id)

Relaxed, flabby, or without tone. [L. flaccidus]

flaccidity
flaccidity (fla-sid′i-te)

The condition or state of being flaccid.

Flack
Flack

Martin W., British physiologist, 1882–1931. See F. node, Keith and F. node.

flagella
flagella (fla-jel′a)

Plural of flagellum.

flagellar
flagellar (fla-jel′ar)

Relating to a flagellum or to the extremity of a protozoan.

Flagellata
Flagellata (flaj′e-la′ta)

Former name for Mastigophora.

flagellate
flagellate (flaj′e-lat)

1. Possessing one or more flagella. 2. Common name for a member of the class Mastigophora.
collared f. SYN: choanomastigote.

flagellated
flagellated (flaj′e-la-ted)

Possessing one or more flagella.

flagellation
flagellation (flaj′e-la′shun)

1. Whipping either one's self or another as a means of arousing or heightening sexual feeling. 2. The pattern of formation of flagella. [L. flagellatus, fr. flagello, to whip or scourge]

flagellin
flagellin (flaj′e-lin)

Any member of a class of proteins containing the amino acid, ε-N-methyllysine; this class represents the main protein component of the flagella of bacteria.

flagellosis
flagellosis (flaj′e-lo′sis)

Infection with flagellated protozoa in the intestinal or genital tract, e.g., trichomoniasis.

flagellum
flagellum, pl .flagella (fla-jel′um, -a)

A whiplike locomotory organelle of constant structural arrangement consisting of nine double peripheral microtubules and two single central microtubules; it arises from a deeply staining basal granule, often connected to the nucleus by a fiber, the rhizoplast. Though characteristic of the protozoan class Mastigophora, comparable structures are commonly found in many other groups, e.g., in spermatozoa. [L. dim. of flagrum, a whip]

flammable
flammable (flam′a-bl)

The property of burning readily and quickly. SYN: inflammable. [L. flamma, flame]

flange
flange (flanj)

That part of the denture base which extends from the cervical ends of the teeth to the border of the denture.
buccal f. the portion of the f. of a denture that occupies the buccal vestibule of the mouth.
denture f. 1. the essentially vertical extension from the body of the denture into one of the vestibules of the oral cavity; also, on the lower denture, the essentially vertical extension along the lingual side of the alveololingual sulcus; 2. the buccal and labial vertical extension of the upper or lower denture base, and the lingual vertical extension of the lower one; the buccal and labial denture flanges have two surfaces: the buccal or labial surface and the basal seat surface; the lower lingual f. also has two surfaces: the basal seat surface and the lingual surface.
labial f. the portion of the f. of a denture which occupies the labial vestibule of the mouth.
lingual f. the portion of the f. of a mandibular denture that occupies the space adjacent to the tongue.

flank
flank [TA]

The area of the abdomen on each side of the umbilical region between transpyloric plane and intertubercular or interspinous plane. SYN: latus [TA] , lateral abdominal region&star, lateral region of abdominal region&star, regio abdominis lateralis&star, regio lateralis abdominis&star.

flap
flap

1. Tissue for transplantation, vascularized by a pedicle; f.. SEE ALSO: local f., distant f.. 2. An uncontrolled movement, as of the hands. See asterixis. [M.E. flappe]
Abbe f. middle portion of the lower lip transferred into the upper lip and vascularized by the labial artery.
advancement f. SYN: bipedicle f..
arterial f. a f. with an identifiable nutrient artery and draining veins. Cf.:random pattern f..
axial pattern f. a f. that includes a direct specific artery within its longitudinal axis.
bipedicle f. a f. with two pedicles, one at each end. SYN: advancement f., double pedicle f..
bone f. portion of cranium removed but left attached to overlying muscle-fascial blood supply; term is often used incorrectly for a completely detached cranial section, i.e., a bone graft.
buried f. a f. denuded of surface epithelium and superficial dermis and transferred into the subcutaneous tissues.
Byars f. skin f. made of dorsal prepuce to resurface the ventral penis in patients with chordee and/or hypospadias.
composite f., compound f. a f. of 2 or more tissue elements incorporating skin, subcutaneous muscle, bone, or cartilage.
cross f. a skin f. transferred from one part of the body to a corresponding part, as from one arm to the other.
delayed f. a f. incised and/or raised in its donor area in two or more stages to increase its chances of survival after transfer.
deltopectoral f. an axial pattern skin f. of the deltoid and pectoral regions, based on the internal mammary vessels.
direct f. a f. raised completely and transferred at the same stage.
distant f. a f. in which the donor site is distant from the recipient area. In the past this required multiple stages; now distant flaps are transferred by microvascular anastomosis of artery and vein.
double pedicle f. SYN: bipedicle f..
Eloesser f. a surgically created open skin-lined tract for chronic drainage of an empyema, often following pneumonectomy. SEE ALSO: Eloesser procedure.
envelope f. a mucoperiosteal f. retracted from a horizontal incision along the free gingival margin.
Estlander f. a full-thickness f. of the lip, transferred from the side of one lip to the same side of the other lip. Other eponymous variations of this principle are the Sabbatini, Stein, and Abbe flaps.
Filatov f. SYN: tubed f..
Filatov-Gillies f. SYN: tubed f..
free f. f. in which the donor vessels are severed, the tissue is transported to another area, and the f. is revascularized by anastomosis of vessels in the recipient bed to the artery and vein(s) of the f..
free bone f. portion of cranium removed and detached from overlying soft tissue structures.
full-thickness f. a f. of the full thickness of mucosa and submucosa or of skin and subcutaneous tissues.
gingival f. a portion of the gingiva whose coronal margin is surgically detached from the tooth and the alveolar process.
hinged f. a turnover f. transferred by lifting it over as though the pedicle were a hinge.
Indian f. f. from a contiguous area, such as cheek or forehead, used to rebuild the nose.
interpolated f. a f. that is rotated over intact skin into an adjoining area.
island f. a f. in which the pedicle consists solely of the supplying artery and vein(s), and sometimes a nerve.
Italian f. f. from a distant area; usually used in reference to a f. from the upper arm to rebuild a nose.
jump f. a distant f. transferred in stages via an intermediate carrier; e.g., an abdominal f. is attached to the wrist, and at a later stage the wrist is brought to the face.
lined f. a f. covered with epithelium on both sides; e.g., a folded skin f..
liver f. asterixis.
local f. a f. transferred to an adjacent area, with intact pedicle.
mucoperichondrial f. a f. composed of mucous membrane and perichondrium, as from the nasal septum.
mucoperiosteal f. a f. composed of mucous membrane and periosteum, as from the hard palate or gingiva.
musculocutaneous f. SYN: myocutaneous f..
myocutaneous f. a pedicled skin f., often an island f., with attached subjacent muscle, investments, and blood supply. SYN: musculocutaneous f., myodermal f..
myodermal f. SYN: myocutaneous f..
neurovascular f. a f. containing a sensory nerve; used to restore sensation to the recipient area.
omental f. a segment of omentum, with its supplying blood vessels, transplanted either with an intact pedicle or as free tissue to a distant area and revascularized by arterial and venous anastomoses.
osteoplastic bone f. vascularized tissue that includes living bone, usually with attached muscle and fascia, which can be attached by its pedicle or transferred by microvascular anastomosis from one site to another.
pedicle f. in periodontal surgery, a f. used to increase the width of attached gingiva, or to cover a root surface, by moving the attached gingiva, which remains joined at one side, to an adjacent position and suturing the free end.
pericoronal f. a f. of gingiva covering an unerupted tooth, especially the lower third molar.
pharyngeal f. a f. of mucosa and muscle raised from the posterior wall of the pharynx and attached to the soft palate, used to obturate the velopharyngeal passage to correct nasal air escape; for patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction, usually following repair of cleft palate.
random pattern f. a f. in which the pedicle blood supply is derived randomly from the network of vessels in the area, rather than from a single longitudinal artery as in an axial pattern f..
rotation f. a pedicle f. that is rotated from the donor site to an adjacent recipient defect.
skin f. a f. composed of skin and its subjacent subcutaneous tissue.
subcutaneous f. a pedicle f. in which the pedicle is denuded of epithelium and buried in the subcutaneous tissue of the recipient area.
tubed f. an old technique for transfer of skin in which a rectangular f. is elevated, sutured side to side, and the end of the tube inserted into another location. SYN: Filatov f., Filatov-Gillies f., tubed pedicle f..
tubed pedicle f. SYN: tubed f..
V-Y f. a f. in which the incision is made in a V shape and sutured in a Y shape to gain additional length of tissue. SYN: V-Y plasty.

flare
flare (flar)

1. A gradual tapering or spreading outward. 2. A diffuse redness of the skin extending beyond the local reaction to the application of an irritant; it is due to dilation of the arterioles and capillaries; depends upon an axon reflex set up by the liberation of a histamine-like substance in skin when injured. SEE ALSO: triple response.
aqueous f. Tyndall phenomenon observed in the fluid of the anterior chamber of the eye.

flash
flash

1. A sudden and brief burst of light or heat. 2. Excess material extruded between the sections of a flask in the process of molding denture bases or other dental restorations.
hot f. colloquialism for one of the vasomotor symptoms of the climacteric that may involve the whole body as a f. of heat; also used interchangeably with hot flush.

flashback
flashback

An involuntary recurrence of some aspect of a hallucinatory experience or perceptual distortion occurring some time after ingestion of the hallucinogen that produced the original effect and without subsequent ingestion of the substance.

flask
flask

A small receptacle, usually of glass, used for holding liquids, powder, or gases. [M.E. keg, fr. Fr. flasque, fr. Germanic]
casting f. SYN: refractory f..
crown f. SYN: denture f..
denture f. a sectional metal boxlike case in which a sectional mold is made of plaster of Paris or artificial stone for the purpose of compressing and curing dentures or other resinous restorations. SYN: crown f..
Dewar f. a glass vessel, often silvered, with two walls, the space between which is evacuated; used for maintaining materials at constant temperature or, more usually, at low temperature. SYN: vacuum f..
Erlenmeyer f. a f. with a broad base, conical body, and narrow neck; so shaped that its liquid content can be shaken laterally without spilling.
Fernbach f. a f. used in microbial fermentations where a large surface area of the liquid substrate is required.
Florence f. a globular long-necked bottle of thin glass used for holding water or other liquid in laboratory work.
hatching f. a f. painted a dark color so that only a small area of dechlorinated water at the top is exposed to light in simulation of pond water conditions, which stimulate hatching of any live schistosome eggs in fresh stool and urine sediment added to the f.; the released miracidium larvae will be searching for appropriate snail intermediate hosts.
injection f. a denture f. designed so as to permit the forced flow of denture base material from a reservoir into the mold after the f. is closed and during curing.
refractory f. a metal tube in which a refractory mold is made for casting metal dental restorations or appliances. SYN: casting f., casting ring.
vacuum f. SYN: Dewar f..
volumetric f. a narrow-necked f. calibrated to contain or to deliver a definite amount of liquid.

flasking
flasking

The process of investing the cast and a wax denture in a flask preparatory to molding the denture-base material into the form of the denture.

Flatau
Flatau

Edward, Polish neurologist, 1869–1932. See F. law.

flatfoot
flatfoot (flat′fut)

SYN: pes planus.

flatulence
flatulence (flat′u-lens)

Presence of an excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines. [Mod. L. flatulentus, fr. L. flatus, a blowing, fr. flo, pp. flatus, to blow]

flatulent
flatulent (flat′u-lent)

Relating to or suffering from flatulence.

flatus
flatus (fla′tus)

Gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus. [L. a blowing]
f. vaginalis expulsion of gas from the vagina.

flatworm
flatworm (flat′werm)

A member of the phylum Platyhelminthes, including the parasitic tapeworms and flukes.

flavedo
flavedo (fla-ve′do)

Yellowness or sallowness of the skin. [L. flavus, yellow]

flavianic acid
flavianic acid (fla-ve-an′ik) [C.I. 10316]

A naphthol derivative dye, useful in the precipitation (and subsequent determination) of arginine and other basic substances.

flavin
flavin, flavine (fla′vin, -ven, flav′in, -en)

1. SYN: riboflavin. 2. A yellow acridine dye, preparations of which are used as antiseptics. [L. flavus, yellow]
f. adenine dinucleotide (FAD) a condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine 5′-diphosphate; the coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., d-amino acid oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase; strictly speaking, FAD is not a dinucleotide since it contains a sugar alcohol; the coenzyme is reversibly reduced to FADH₂.
electron transfer f. flavoproteins that participate in the electron transport pathway.
f. mononucleotide (FMN) riboflavin 5′-phosphate; the coenzyme of a number of oxidation-reduction enzymes; e.g., NADH dehydrogenase. Strictly speaking, FMN is not a nucleotide since it contains a sugar alcohol instead of a sugar; the coenzyme is reversibly reduced to FMNH₂. SYN: riboflavin 5′-phosphate.

Flaviviridae
Flaviviridae (fla′vi-vi′ra-da)

A family of enveloped single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses 40–60 mm in diameter formerly classified as the “group B” arboviruses, including yellow fever and dengue viruses; maintained in nature by transmission from arthropod vectors to vertebrate hosts.

Flavivirus
Flavivirus (fla′vi-vi-rus)

A genus in the family Flaviviridae that includes yellow fever, dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. [L. flavus, yellow, + virus]

Flavobacterium
Flavobacterium (fla-vo-bak-ter′e-um)

A genus of aerobic to facultatively anaerobic, nonsporeforming, motile and nonmotile bacteria (family Achromobacteraceae) containing Gram-negative rods; motile cells are peritrichous. These organisms characteristically produce yellow, orange, red, or yellow-brown pigments. They are found in soil and fresh and salt water. Some species are pathogenic. The type species is F. aquatile. [L. flavus, yellow]
F. aquatile a species found in water containing a high percentage of calcium carbonate; it is the type species of F..
F. breve a species found in sewage; pathogenic for laboratory animals.
F. meningisepticum among the normal flora of the human respiratory tract, this bacterial species is an occasional cause of nosocomial infection, including neonatal meningitis.
F. piscicida former name for Pseudomonas piscicida.

flavoenzyme
flavoenzyme (fla-vo-en′zim)

Any enzyme that possesses a flavin nucleotide as coenzyme; e.g., xanthine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase. SYN: yellow enzyme.

flavokinase
flavokinase (fla-vo-ki′nas)

SYN: riboflavin kinase.

flavone
flavone (fla′von)

1. A plant pigment that is the basis of the flavonoids; it is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. 2. One of a class of compounds based on f. (1).

flavonoids
flavonoids (fla′vo-noydz)

1. Substances of plant origin containing flavone in various combinations (anthoxanthins, apigenins, flavones, quercitins, etc.) and with varying biologic activities. 2. Derviatives of flavone.

flavonol
flavonol (fla′vo-nol)

1. Reduced flavone. 2. flavone (1) hydroxylated at position 3; a member of a class of vascular pigments. 3. Any hydroxylated flavone.

flavoprotein
flavoprotein (fla′vo-pro′ten)

A compound protein possessing a flavin as prosthetic group. Cf.:flavoenzyme.

flavor
flavor (fla′ver)

1. The quality (influenced by odor) affecting the taste of any substance. 2. A therapeutically inert substance added to a prescription to give an agreeable taste to the mixture. [M.E., fr. O. Fr., fr. L.L. flator, aroma, fr. flo, to blow]

flavoxate hydrochloride
flavoxate hydrochloride (fla-vok′sat)

A smooth muscle relaxant for the urinary tract.

flavus
flavus (fla′vus)

Latin for yellow. [L.]

flaxseed
flaxseed (flaks′sed)

SYN: linseed.
f. oil SYN: linseed oil.

flea
flea (fle)

An insect of the order Siphonaptera, marked by lateral compression, sucking mouthparts, extraordinary jumping powers, and ectoparasitic adult life in the hair and feathers of warm-blooded animals. Important fleas include Ctenocephalides felis (cat f.), or C. canis (dog f.), Pulex irritans (human f.), Tunga penetrans (chigger, chigoe, or sand f.), Echidnophaga gallinacea (sticktight f.), Xenopsylla (rat f.), and Ceratophyllus. SEE ALSO: Copepoda.

flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate (fle-ka′nid)

A member of the membrane-stabilizing group of antiarrhythmics, with local anesthetic activity, used in the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias.

Flechsig
Flechsig

Paul E., German neurologist, 1847–1929. See F. areas, under area, F. ground bundles, under bundle, F. fasciculi, under fasciculus, F. tract, oval area of F., semilunar nucleus of F..

Flegel
Flegel

H., 20th century German dermatologist. See F. disease.

Fleisch
Fleisch

Alfred, Swiss physician and physiologist, 1892–1973. See F. pneumotachograph.

Fleischer
Fleischer

Bruno, German ophthalmologist, 1874–1965. See F. ring, F. vortex, Kayser-F. ring, F.-Strümpell ring.

Fleischmann
Fleischmann

Friedrich Ludwig, 19th century German anatomist. See sublingual bursa.

Fleischner
Fleischner

Felix, Austrian-American radiologist, 1893–1969. See F. lines, under line.

Fleitmann
Fleitmann

Theodore, 19th century German chemist. See F. test.

Fleming
Fleming

Sir Alexander, Scottish bacteriologist, 1881–1955, co-winner of the 1945 Nobel prize for the discovery of penicillin.

Flemming
Flemming

Walther, German anatomist, 1843–1905. See intermediate body of F., germinal center of F., F. fixative, F. triple stain.

Flesch
Flesch

Rudolf F., Austrian educator, *1911. See F. formula.

flesh
flesh (flesh)

1. The meat of animals used for food. 2. SYN: muscular tissue. [A.S. flaesc]
goose f. SYN: cutis anserina.
proud f. historic term for exuberant granulations in the granulation tissue on the surface of a wound.

fleshflies
fleshflies (flesh′fliz)

Members of the order Diptera, whose larvae (maggots) develop in putrefying or living tissues. Maggots of the latter group produce myiasis; these include screw-worms (both primary and secondary invaders); wool maggots of sheep; botflies or skin maggots of humans and domestic animals (including warble or heel flies); head or nasal botflies of sheep and goats, horses, camels, and deer; and horse botflies (or gadflies) whose larvae develop in the stomach, duodenum, or rectum of horses.

flex
flex (fleks)

To bend; to move a joint in such a direction as to approximate the two parts which it connects. [L. flecto, pp. flexus, to bend]

flexibilitas cerea
flexibilitas cerea (flek-si-bil′i-tas se′re-a)

The rigidity of catalepsy which may be overcome by slight external force, but which returns at once, holding the limb firmly in the new position. [L. waxy flexibility]

fleximeter
fleximeter (flek-sim′e-ter)

SYN: goniometer (3) .

flexion
flexion (flek′shun) [TA]

1. The act of flexing or bending, e.g., bending of a joint so as to approximate the parts it connects; bending of the spine so that the concavity of the curve looks forward. 2. The condition of being flexed or bent. [L. flecto, pp. flexus, to bend]
palmar f. bending the hand or fingers toward the palmar surface.
plantar f. bending the foot or toes toward the plantar surface.

Flexner
Flexner

Simon, U.S. pathologist, 1863–1946. See F. bacillus.

flexor
flexor (flek′ser, -sor) [TA]

A muscle the action of which is to flex a joint.

flexura
flexura, pl .flexurae (flek-shur′a, -shur′e) [TA]

SYN: flexure. [L. a bending]
f. anorectalis [TA] SYN: anorectal flexure.
f. colica splenica left colic flexure.
f. coli dextra [TA] SYN: right colic flexure.
f. coli hepatis SYN: right colic flexure.
f. coli sinistra [TA] SYN: left colic flexure.
f. duodeni inferior [TA] SYN: inferior duodenal flexure.
f. duodeni superior [TA] SYN: superior duodenal flexure.
f. duodenojejunalis [TA] SYN: duodenojejunal flexure.
f. perinealis (canalis ani) anorectal flexure.
f. sacralis recti [TA] SYN: sacral flexure of rectum.
f. sigmoidea SYN: sigmoid colon.

flexural
flexural (flek′sher-al)

Relating to a flexure.

flexure
flexure (flek′sher) [TA]

A bend, as in an organ or structure. SYN: flexura [TA] . [L. flexura]
anorectal f. [TA] the anteroposterior curve or angle, with convesity directed anteriorly, of the anorectal junction; tonus of the puborectalis (muscle) produces the angle for maintaining fecal continence; relaxation of the muscle allows the angle to be reduced for defecation. SYN: flexura anorectalis [TA] , flexura perinealis (canalis ani)&star, perineal f. of anal canal&star, anorectal angle, perineal f. of rectum.
basicranial f. SYN: pontine f..
caudal f. the bend in the lumbosacral region of the embryo. SYN: sacral f..
cephalic f. the sharp, ventrally concave bend in the developing midbrain of the embryo. SYN: cerebral f., cranial f., mesencephalic f..
cerebral f. SYN: cephalic f..
cervical f. the ventrally concave bend at the juncture of the brainstem and spinal cord in the embryo.
cranial f. SYN: cephalic f..
dorsal f. a f. in the mid-dorsal region in the embryo.
duodenojejunal f. [TA] an abrupt bend in the small intestine at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum. SYN: flexura duodenojejunalis [TA] , duodenojejunal angle.
hepatic f. right colic f..
inferior duodenal f. [TA] the bend at the junction of the descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum. Occasionally a bend, the left inferior duodenal f., occurs at the junction of the horizontal and ascending parts. SYN: flexura duodeni inferior [TA] .
left colic f. [TA] the bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon. SYN: flexura coli sinistra [TA] , flexura colica splenica&star, splenic f.&star.
lumbar f. SYN: lumbar lordosis.
mesencephalic f. SYN: cephalic f..
perineal f. of anal canal anorectal f..
perineal f. of rectum SYN: anorectal f..
pontine f. the dorsally concave curvature of the rhombencephalon in the embryo; appearance indicates division of rhombencephalon into myelencephalon and metencephalon. SYN: basicranial f., transverse rhombencephalic f..
right colic f. [TA] the bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions. SYN: flexura coli dextra [TA] , hepatic f.&star, flexura coli hepatis.
sacral f. SYN: caudal f..
sacral f. of rectum [TA] the anteroposterior curve with concavity anteriorward of the first portion of the rectum. SYN: flexura sacralis recti [TA] .
sigmoid f. SYN: sigmoid colon.
splenic f. left colic f..
superior duodenal f. [TA] the f. at the junction of the superior and descending parts of the duodenum. SYN: flexura duodeni superior [TA] .
telencephalic f. a f. appearing in the embryonic forebrain region.
transverse rhombencephalic f. SYN: pontine f..

flicker
flicker (flik′er)

The visual sensation caused by stimulation of the retina by a series of intermittent light flashes occurring at a certain rate. SEE ALSO: f. fusion, critical f. fusion frequency.

flicks
flicks (fliks)

Rapid, involuntary fixation movements of the eye of 5–10 minutes of arc. SYN: flick movements.

Flieringa
Flieringa

Henri J., Dutch ophthalmologist, *1891. See F. ring.

flight into disease
flight into disease

Gain through falling ill or assuming the sick role. See primary gain, secondary gain.

flight into health
flight into health

In dynamic psychotherapy, the early but often only temporary disappearance of the symptoms that ostensibly brought the patient into therapy; a defense against the anxiety engendered by the prospect of further psychoanalytic exploration of the patient's conflicts.

Flint
Flint

Austin, Jr., U.S. physiologist, 1836–1915. See F. arcade.

Flint
Flint

Austin, U.S. physician, 1812–1886. See Austin F. murmur, F. murmur, Austin F. phenomenon.

flip
flip

A burn occurring on one side only of the entrance site in a gunshot wound of the soft parts.

flitter
flitter

SYN: impure flutter.

floater
floater (flot′er)

An object in the field of vision that originates in the vitreous body. SEE ALSO: muscae volitantes.

floating
floating (flot′ing)

1. Free or unattached. 2. Unduly movable; out of the normal position; denoting an occasional abnormal condition of certain organs, such as the kidneys, liver, spleen, etc.

floc
floc (flok)

A colloquial term for the product of a flocculation, i.e., the separation of the disperse phase of a colloidal suspension into discrete, usually visible particles, as in certain serologic precipitin tests.

floccillation
floccillation (flok-si-la′shun)

An aimless plucking at the bedclothes, as if one were picking off threads or tufts of cotton. [Mod. L. flocculus]

floccose
floccose (flok′os)

In bacteriology, applied to a growth of short, curving filaments or chains closely but irregularly disposed. [L. floccus, a flock of wool]

flocculable
flocculable (flok′u-la-bl)

Capable of undergoing flocculation.

floccular
floccular (flok′u-lar)

Relating to a flocculus of any sort; specifically to the flocculus of the cerebellum.

flocculate
flocculate (flok′u-lat)

To become flocculent.

flocculation
flocculation (flok-u-la′shun)

Precipitation from solution in the form of fleecy masses; the process of becoming flocculent. SYN: flocculence.

floccule
floccule (flok′ul)

SYN: flocculus.

flocculence
flocculence (flok′u-lens)

SYN: flocculation.

flocculent
flocculent (flok′u-lent)

1. Resembling tufts of cotton or wool; denoting a fluid, such as the urine, containing numerous shreds or fluffy particles of gray-white or white mucus or other material. 2. In bacteriology, denoting a fluid culture in which there are numerous colonies either floating in the fluid medium or loosely deposited at the bottom.

flocculonodular
flocculonodular (flok′u-lo-nod′u-lar)

See f. lobe.

flocculus
flocculus, pl .flocculi (flok′u-lus, -li)

1. A tuft or shred of cotton or wool or anything resembling it. 2. [TA] A small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule; it is associated with the nodulus of the vermis; together, these two structures compose the vestibular part of the cerebellum. SYN: floccule. [Mod. L. dim. of L. floccus, a tuft of wool]
accessory f. an occasional small lobule of the cerebellum adjacent to the f..

Flocks
Flocks

Milton, U.S. ophthalmologist, *1914. See Harrington-F. test.

Flood
Flood

Valentine, Irish anatomist and surgeon, 1800–1847. See F. ligament.

flood
flood (flud)

1. To bleed profusely from the uterus, as after childbirth or in cases of menorrhagia. 2. Colloquialism for a profuse menstrual discharge. [A.S. flod]

flooding
flooding (flud′ing)

1. Bleeding profusely from the uterus, especially after childbirth or in severe cases of menorrhagia. 2. Profuse uterine hemorrhage. 3. A type of behavior therapy; a therapeutic strategy at the beginning of therapy, in which the patients imagine the most anxiety-producing scene and fully immerse (flood) themselves in it. Cf.:systematic desensitization.

floor
floor (flor) [TA]

The lower inner surface of an open space or hollow organ.
f. of orbit [TA] the f. of the orbit; the shortest of the four walls of the orbit, sloping upward from the orbital margin; it is comprised of the maxilla and orbital process of the palatine bone. SYN: paries inferior orbitae [TA] , inferior wall of orbit.
f. of tympanic cavity jugular wall of middle ear.

flora
flora (flo′ra)

1. Plant life, usually of a certain locality or district. 2. The population of microorganisms inhabiting the internal and external surfaces of healthy conventional animals. SYN: microbial associates. [L. F., goddess of flowers, fr. flos (flor-), a flower]

florantyrone
florantyrone (flor-an′ti-ron)

An agent which increases the volume of bile without increasing the quantity of bile solids or stimulating evacuation of the gallbladder.

Florence
Florence

Albert, French physician, 1851–1927. See F. crystals, under crystal.

Florence flask
Florence flask

See under flask.

Florey
Florey

Sir Howard W., Australian-British pathologist and Nobel laureate, 1898–1968. See F. unit.

florid
florid (flor′id)

1. Of a bright red color; denoting certain cutaneous lesions. 2. Fully developed. [L. floridus, flowery]

Florschütz
Florschütz

Georg, German physician, *1859. See F. formula.

floss
floss

1. SYN: dental f.. 2. To use dental f. in oral hygiene.
dental f. an untwisted thread made from fine, short, silk or synthetic fibers, frequently waxed; used for cleansing interproximal spaces and between contact areas of the teeth. SYN: f. silk, f. (1) .

flotation
flotation (flo-ta′shun)

A process for separating solids by their tendency to float upon or sink into a liquid.

Flourens
Flourens

Marie Jean Pierre, French physiologist, 1794–1867. See F. theory.

flow
flow (flo)

1. To bleed from the uterus less profusely than in flooding. 2. The menstrual discharge. 3. Movement of a liquid or gas; specifically, the volume of liquid or gas passing a given point per unit of time. In respiratory physiology, the symbol for gas f. is V and for blood f. is Q, followed by subscripts denoting location and chemical species. 4. In rheology, a permanent deformation of a body that proceeds with time. [A.S. flowan]
Bingham f. the f. characteristics exhibited by a Bingham plastic.
Doppler color f. a computer-generated color image produced by Doppler ultrasonography in which different directions of f. are represented by different hues. See Doppler ultrasonography.
effective renal blood f. (ERBF) the amount of blood flowing to the parts of the kidney that are involved with production of constituents of urine.
effective renal plasma f. (ERPF) the amount of plasma flowing to the parts of the kidney that have a function in the production of constituents of urine; the clearance of substances such as iodopyracet and p-aminohippuric acid, assuming that the extraction ratio in the peritubular capillaries is 100%.
forced expiratory f. (FEF) expiratory f. during measurement of forced vital capacity; subscripts specify the exact parameter measured, e.g., peak instantaneous f., the instantaneous f. at some specified point on the curve of volume expired versus time, or on the f.-volume curve, the mean f. between two expired volumes.
gene f. changes over time in the genetic composition of a population as a result of migration rather than of mutation and selection.
laminar f. the relative motion of elements of a fluid along smooth parallel paths, which occurs at lower values of Reynolds number.
newtonian f. the type of f. characteristic of a newtonian fluid.
peak expiratory f. the maximum f. at the outset of forced expiration, which is reduced in proportion to the severity of airway obstruction, as in asthma.
shear f. a f. of a material in which parallel planes in the material are displaced in a direction parallel to each other.

Flower
Flower

Sir William H., English surgeon and anatomist, 1831–1899. See F. bone, F. dental index.

flower basket of Bochdalek
flower basket of Bochdalek

Part of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle protruding through the foramen of Luschka and resting on the dorsal surface of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

flowers
flowers (flow′erz)

A mineral substance in a powdery state after sublimation.
f. of antimony SYN: antimony trioxide.
f. of benzoin SYN: benzoic acid.
f. of sulfur SYN: sublimed sulfur.
f. of zinc SYN: zinc oxide.

flowmeter
flowmeter (flo′me-ter)

A device for measuring velocity or volume of flow of liquids or gases.
electromagnetic f. a f. in which a magnetic field is applied to a blood vessel to measure flow in terms of the voltage developed by the blood as a conductor moving through the magnetic field.

floxacillin
floxacillin (flok′sa-sil′in)

A penicillin antibiotic resistant to β-lactamase (penicillinase).

floxuridine
floxuridine (flok-soo′ri-den)

The deoxynucleoside of fluorouracil; an antineoplastic agent. Fluorouracil is metabolized to f. and this, in turn, to 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate. The latter agent inhibits thymidylic synthetase; uridine phosphatase is also inhibited.

flu
flu (floo)

SYN: influenza.

fluanisone
fluanisone (floo-an′i-son)

An antianxiety agent.

flucrylate
flucrylate (floo′kri-lat)

A surgical tissue adhesive.

fluctuance
fluctuance

SYN: fluctuation (2) .

fluctuate
fluctuate (fluk′tu-at)

1. To move in waves. 2. To vary, to change from time to time, as in referring to any quantity or quality, e.g., height of blood pressure, concentration of substance in urine or blood, secretory activity, etc. [L. fluctuo, pp. -atus, to flow in waves]

fluctuation
fluctuation (fluk-tu-a′shun)

1. The act of fluctuating. 2. A wavelike motion felt on palpating a cavity with nonrigid walls, especially one containing fluid. SYN: fluctuance.

flucytosine
flucytosine (floo-si′to-sen)

An antifungal drug.

fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate (floo-dro-kor′ti-son)

A potent mineralocorticoid. SYN: 9α-fluorocortisol, 9α-fluorohydrocortisone acetate.

fluence
fluence (H) (floo′ens)

A measure of the quantity of x-radiation in a beam in diagnostic radiology, either particle f., the number of photons passing an aperture of unit cross-sectional area, or energy f., the sum of the energies of the photons passing through a unit area. Cf.:flux. [L. fluentia, a flowing, fr. fluo, to flow]

fluency
fluency (floo′en-se)

The smooth flow of speech sounds in connected discourse, without interruptions or repetitions. [L. fluentia,a flowing, fr. fluo, to flow]

fluent
fluent (floo′ent)

Relating to fluency.

flufenamic acid
flufenamic acid (floo-fen-am′ik)

An anti-inflammatory agent; resembles mefenamic acid.

fluid
fluid (floo′id) [TA]

1. A nonsolid substance, such as a liquid or gas, that tends to flow or conform to the shape of the container. 2. Consisting of particles or distinct entities that can readily change their relative positions; i.e., tending to move or capable of flowing. [L. fluidus, fr. fluo, to flow]
allantoic f. the f. within the allantoic cavity.
amnionic f. a liquid within the amnion that surrounds the fetus and protects it from mechanical injury. SYN: liquor amnii.
Brodie f. an aqueous salt solution used in manometers designed for testing gas evolution or uptake, as in cell respiration.
bronchoalveolar f. a f. containing several lytic enzymes that serves to remove inspired particulates from the pulmonary airways.
Callison f. a diluting f. for counting red blood cells, consisting of 1 ml of Loeffler alkaline methylene blue, 1 ml of formalin, 10 ml of glycerol, 1 g of neutral ammonium oxalate, and 2.5 g of sodium chloride added to 90 ml of distilled water, mixed well, and permitted to stand until the solids are dissolved and the reagent is clear; the preparation is filtered prior to use.
cerebrospinal f. (CSF) [TA] a f. largely secreted by the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, filling the ventricles and the subarachnoid cavities of the brain and spinal cord. SYN: liquor cerebrospinalis [TA] .
crevicular f. SYN: gingival f..
Dakin f. SYN: Dakin solution.
dentinal f. the lymph or f. of dentin which appears on the surface of freshly cut dentin, especially in young teeth; it is a transudate of extracellular f., mainly cytoplasm of odontoblastic processes, from the dental pulp via the dentinal tubules. SYN: dental lymph.
extracellular f. (ECF) 1. the interstitial f. and the plasma, constituting about 20% of the weight of the body; 2. sometimes used to mean all f. outside of cells, usually excluding transcellular f..
extravascular f. all f. outside the blood vessels, i.e., intracellular, interstitial, and transcellular fluids; it constitutes about 48 to 58% of the body weight.
Farrant mounting f. an aqueous solution containing gum arabic, arsenic trioxide, glycerol, and water, used in mounting histologic sections directly from water; some modifications involve addition of potassium acetate to bring the pH up to neutrality and substitution of other preservatives like cresol or thymol for arsenic trioxide.
gingival f. f. containing plasma proteins, which is present in increasing amounts in association with gingival inflammation. SYN: crevicular f., sulcular f..
infranatant f. clear f. that, after the settling out of an insoluble liquid or solid by the action of normal gravity or of centrifugal force, takes up the lower portion of the contents of a vessel.
interstitial f. the f. in spaces between the tissue cells, constituting about 16% of the weight of the body; closely similar in composition to lymph. SYN: tissue f..
intracellular f. (ICF) the f. within the tissue cells, constituting about 30–40% of the body weight. SYN: intracellular water.
intraocular f. SYN: aqueous humor.
newtonian f. a f. in which flow and rate of shear are always proportional to the applied stress; such f. precisely obeys Poiseuille law. Cf.:non-newtonian f..
non-newtonian f. a f. in which flow and rate of shear are not always proportional to the applied stress and which does not obey Poiseuille law. As in anomalous viscosity; Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect; Bingham plastic. Cf.:newtonian f..
pleural f. the thin film of f. between the visceral and parietal pleurae. May significantly increase in disease states, when termed pleural effusion.
prostatic f. succus prostaticus;a whitish secretion that is one of the constituents of the semen.
pseudoplastic f. a f. which exhibits shear thinning.
Rees-Ecker f. an aqueous solution of sodium citrate, sucrose, and brilliant cresyl blue used in platelet counts.
Scarpa f. SYN: endolymph.
seminal f. SYN: semen (1) .
sulcular f. SYN: gingival f..
supernatant f. clear f. that, after the settling out of an insoluble liquid or solid by the action of normal gravity or of centrifugal force, takes up the upper portion of the contents of a vessel.
synovial f. [TA] a clear thixotropic f., the main function of which is to serve as a lubricant in a joint, tendon sheath, or bursa; consists mainly of mucin with some albumin, fat, epithelium, and leukocytes; synovial f. also helps to nourish the avascular articular cartilage. SYN: synovia [TA] , joint oil.
thixotropic f. a liquid that tends to turn into a gel when left standing, but which turns back into a liquid if agitated, as by vibrations or subjection to adequate shear.
tissue f. SYN: interstitial f..
transcellular fluids the fluids that are not inside cells, but are separated from plasma and interstitial f. by cellular barriers; e.g., cerebrospinal f., synovial f., pleural f..
ventricular f. the portion of the cerebrospinal f. that is contained in the ventricles of the brain.

fluidextract
fluidextract (floo-id-eks′trakt)

Pharmacopeial liquid preparation of vegetable drugs, made by percolation, containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both, and so made that each milliliter contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 g of the standard drug that it represents. SYN: liquid extract.

fluidglycerates
fluidglycerates (floo-id-glis′er-ats)

Pharmaceutical preparations, formerly official in the NF, containing approximately 50% by volume of glycerin but no alcohol, and of the same drug strength as fluidextracts.

fluidism fluidism (floo′i-dizm)

SYN: humoral doctrine.

fluidity
fluidity (floo-id′i-te)

The reciprocal of viscosity; unit: rhe = poise⁻¹.

fluidounce
fluidounce (floo′id-owns′)

A measure of capacity: 8 fluidrams. The imperial f. is a measure containing 1 avoirdupois ounce, 437.5 grains, of distilled water at 15.6°C, and equals 28.4 ml; the U.S. f. is ¹/₁₂₈ gallon, contains 454.6 grains of distilled water at 25°C, and equals 29.57 ml.

fluidrachm
fluidrachm, fluidram (floo′i-dram′)

A measure of capacity: 18 of a fluidounce; a teaspoonful. The imperial f. contains 54.8 grains of distilled water, and equals 3.55 ml; the U.S. f. contains 57.1 grains of distilled water and equals 3.70 ml.

fluke
fluke (flook)

Common name for members of the class Trematoda (phylum Platyhelminthes). All flukes of mammals (subclass Digenea) are internal parasites in the adult stage and are characterized by complex digenetic life cycles involving a snail initial host, in which larval multiplication occurs, and the release of swimming larvae (cercariae), which directly penetrate the skin of the final host (as in schistosomes), encyst on vegetation (as in Fasciola), or encyst in or on another intermediate host (as in Clonorchis and other fish-borne flukes). Flukes of lower vertebrates (order Monogenea), especially fish, are frequently monogenetic ectoparasites or gill parasites. Blood flukes live in the mesenteric-portal bloodstream and associated vesical and pelvic venous plexuses; they include Schistosoma haematobium (the vesical blood f.), S. mansoni (Manson intestinal blood f.), and S. japonicum (the Oriental blood f.). Other important flukes are Paragonimus westermani (bronchial or lung f.), Opisthorchis felineus (cat liver f.), Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver or Oriental f.), Heterophyes heterophyes (Egyptian or small intestinal f.), Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal f.), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet f.), Fasciola hepatica (liver or sheep liver f.), and Paramphistomum (rumen f.). [A.S. floc, flatfish]

flumazenil
flumazenil (floo′ma-ze-nil)

A benzodiazepine with antagonist properties at the benzodiazepine recognition site of the benzodiazepine-GABA-chloride channel complex. Used as a treatment for overdose with benzodiazepine-type central nervous system depressants.

flumen
flumen, pl .flumina (floo′men, floo′min-a)

A flowing, or stream. SYN: stream. [L.]
flumina pilorum SYN: hair streams, under stream.

flumethasone
flumethasone (floo-meth′a-son)

The 21-pivalate salt and acetate are also available.

flumethiazide
flumethiazide (floo′me-thi′a-zid)

An orally effective diuretic agent, related chemically to chlorothiazide and with similar pharmacologic actions; it inhibits carbonic anhydrase.

flumina
flumina (floo′mi-na)

Plural of flumen.

flunarizine
flunarizine (floo-nar′i-zen)

A calcium-blocking agent with anticonvulsant properties.

flunisolide
flunisolide (floo-nis′o-lid)

An anti-inflammatory corticosteroid used intranasally or by inhalation in the treatment of allergies and asthma.

flunitrazepam flunitrazepam (flu′ni-traz′e-pam)

A benzodiazepine compound with sedative and hypnotic properties.F., said to be the most widely prescribed sedative and hypnotic in Europe although it is not licensed for sale in the U.S., has been the subject of increasing concern as illegal distribution and abuse of the drug have spread from southern states to other parts of this country. Abuse is particularly prevalent among high school and college youth. Used alone, f. induces mild euphoria and sedation. It is often taken with other agents, for example, to enhance a heroin high or to ease coming down from a cocaine or crack high. F. and alcohol have a synergistic effect, producing disinhibition and amnesia when taken together. For this reason the drug may be surreptitiously added to alcoholic drinks to facilitate date rape. Part of the popularity of the drug arises from its low cost and the availability of legitimately manufactured, pure tablets. F. is marketed by Hoffman-La Roche under the brand name Rohypnol. Street names include “circles,” “Mexican Valium,” “la rocha,” “R2,” “rib,” “roaches,” “roachies,” “Roche,” “roofenol,” “roofies,” “rope,” “rophies,” and “ruffies.” Being under the influence of the drug is referred to as being “roached out.” The effects of f. begin within 30 minutes after ingestion, peak within 2 hours, and may persist for 8 hours or more. Adverse effects include drowsiness, confusion, amnesia, paradoxic excitement or aggressiveness, visual disturbances, hypotension, gastrointestinal upset, and urinary retention. Lethal overdose has been uncommon. Continued use results in physical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms range from headache, muscle pain, restlessness, and confusion to loss of identity, hallucinations, delirium, convulsions, and cardiovascular collapse. Withdrawal seizures can occur a week or more after cessation of use. Phenobarbital has been used to ease medically supervised withdrawal. In 1997, in response to concerns about the use of f. in date rape, Hoffman-LaRoche reformulated the tablets so that they dissolve more slowly in liquids and release a bright blue color to render detection more likely.

fluo- fluo-

1. Combining form denoting flow. 2. Prefix often used to denote fluorine (used in the generic names of drugs). SEE ALSO: fluor-. [L. fluo, pp. fluxus, to flow]

fluocinolone acetonide
fluocinolone acetonide (floo-o-sin′o-lon as′e-to-nid)

A fluorinated corticosteroid for topical use in the treatment of selected dermatoses.

fluocinonide
fluocinonide (floo-o-sin′o-nid)

An anti-inflammatory corticosteroid used in topical preparations.

fluocortolone
fluocortolone (floo-o-kor′to-lon)

A glucocorticoid.
f. caproate ester of f. used topically in the treatment of skin diseases. SYN: f. hexanoate.
f. hexanoate SYN: f. caproate.
f. pivalate an ester of f..

fluor- fluor-, fluoro-

Fluorine.

fluorapatite
fluorapatite (flor-ap′a-tit)

A naturally occurring fluorophosphate of calcium.

fluorescamine
fluorescamine (flor-es′ka-men)

A nonfluorescent reagent that reacts with primary amines to form fluorescent compounds.

fluoresce
fluoresce (fluo-res′)

To produce or exhibit fluorescence.

fluorescein
fluorescein (flor-es′e-in) [C.I. 45350]

An orange-red crystalline powder that yields a bright green fluorescence in solution, and is reduced to fluorescin; a nontoxic, water-soluble indicator used diagnostically to trace water flow. SYN: resorcinol phthalic anhydride, resorcinolphthalein.
f. sodium a dye used for diagnosis of certain ocular diseases, differentiation or delineation of organ parts in surgery, and determination of circulation time. SYN: resorcinolphthalein sodium, uranin.

fluorescein isothiocyanate
fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (i′so-thi-o-si′a-nat)

A fluorochrome dye frequently coupled to antibodies that are used to locate and identify specific antigens.

fluorescence
fluorescence (flor-es′ens)

Emission of a longer wavelength radiation by a substance as a consequence of absorption of energy from a shorter wavelength radiation, continuing only as long as the stimulus is present; distinguished from phosphorescence, which emission persists for a perceptible period of time after the stimulus has been removed. See photoelectric effect. [fluorspar + -escence, inchoative suffix]

fluorescence-activated cell sorter
fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) (flor-es′ens)

A machine that can separate and analyze cells, such as lymphocytes, which are labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated antibody, by their fluorescence and light scattering patterns.

fluorescent
fluorescent (flor-es′ent)

Possessing the quality of fluorescence.

fluorescin
fluorescin (flor′-es-in)

Reduced fluorescein, with similar uses as fluorescein.

fluoridation
fluoridation (flor′i-da′shun)

Addition of fluorides to a community water supply, usually about 1 ppm, to reduce incidence of dental decay.

fluoride
fluoride (flor′id)

1. A compound of fluorine with a metal, a nonmetal, or an organic radical. 2. The anion of fluorine; inhibits enolase; found in bone and tooth apatite; f. has a cariostatic effect; high levels are toxic.

fluoride number
fluoride number

The percent inhibition of pseudocholinesterase produced by fluorides; used to differentiate normal from atypical pseudocholinesterases. SEE ALSO: dibucaine number.

fluoridization
fluoridization (flor′i-di-za′shun)

Therapeutic use of fluorides to reduce the incidence of dental decay; sometimes used to refer to the topical application of fluoride agents to the teeth.

fluorine
fluorine (F) (flor′en)

A gaseous chemical element, atomic no. 9, atomic wt. 18.9984032; ¹⁸F (half-life of 1.83 h) is used as a diagnostic aid in various tissue scans. [L. fluere, flow]

fluoro- fluoro-

See fluor-.

fluorochrome
fluorochrome (flor′o-krom)

Any fluorescent dye used to label or stain.

fluorochroming
fluorochroming (flor′o-krom-ing)

1. Tagging or “labeling” of antibody with a fluorescent dye so that it may be observed with a microscope (using ultraviolet light), as a means of studying the origin, distribution, and sites of reaction (with antigen) in tissues. 2. Microscopic detection of cellular and tissue chemical components (DNA, RNA, proteins, polysaccharides) with the aid of fluorochromes bound to these components.

fluorocyte
fluorocyte (flor′o-sit)

Term used occasionally for a reticulocyte that exhibits fluorescence.

fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) (flor′o-di-ni-tro-ben′zen)

A reagent used to combine with the free amino groups of aminoacyl residues in a peptide, thus marking those residues; the combined forms are known as DNP-proteins, Dnp-aminoacyl, etc., the fluorine having been replaced to leave a dinitrophenyl residue (DNP, Dnp, or N₂Ph&cbond;) attached to the NH₂ group. Hence, the N-terminal amino acid and lysine side chains will be covalently modified. SYN: Sanger reagent.

fluorography
fluorography (flor-og′ra-fe)

SYN: photofluorography.

fluorometer
fluorometer (flor-om′e-ter)

A device employing an ultraviolet source, monochromators for selection of wavelength, and a detector of visible light; used in fluorometry.

fluorometholone
fluorometholone (flor-o-meth′o-lon)

A glucocorticoid for topical use.

fluorometry
fluorometry (flor-om′e-tre)

An analytic method for detecting fluorescent compounds, using a beam of ultraviolet light that excites the compounds and causes them to emit visible light. [fluoro- + G. metron, measure]

fluorophotometry
fluorophotometry (flor′o-fo-tom′e-tre)

Photomultiplier tube measurement of fluorescence emitted from the interior of the eye after intravenous administration of fluorescein; used to measure the rate of formation of aqueous humor or integrity of the retinal vasculature.

fluoroquinolone
fluoroquinolone (flor-o-kwin′o-lon)

SYN: quinolones.

fluoroquinolones fluoroquinolones (flor′o-kwin′o-lonz)

A class of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; well-absorbed orally, with good tissue penetration and relatively long duration of effect.The f., introduced in the 1980s, are particularly useful in Gram-negative infections. Nalidixic acid, a nonfluorinated quinolone, has been used for several decades to treat urinary tract infections, but its value is limited by poor systemic distribution and rapid development of bacterial resistance. In contrast, the f., which contain a fluorine atom, rapidly achieve therapeutic concentration in plasma, tissues, and urine after oral administration, and resistance develops slowly. The fluorine atom also broadens the spectrum of these agents, conferring activity against some Gram-positive bacteria. They are useful in susceptible infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and bone. Several of these agents are approved for single-dose oral treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. They are generally inactive against anaerobes and β-hemolytic streptococci. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase, which is necessary for the replication of DNA as well as of plasmids involved in certain types of bacterial resistance. Elimination is primarily renal, and dosage must be adjusted for patients with renal failure. The f. are generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects are nausea, abdominal distress, and dizziness. The drugs accumulate in articular cartilage and can cause severe damage during rapid growth of that tissue; hence they are contraindicated in persons under 18. Use during strenuous exercise may be hazardous to joints and can cause tendon rupture. These drugs may interfere with the hepatic biotransformation of theophylline and warfarin.

fluororoentgenography
fluororoentgenography (flor′o-rent-gen-og′ra-fe)

SYN: photofluorography.

fluoroscope
fluoroscope (flor′o-skop)

An obsolete apparatus for rendering visible to the dark-adapted eye the patterns of x-rays that have passed through a body under examination, by interposing a glass plate coated with fluorescent materials, such as calcium tungstate; currently, image intensification and video display are used; to examine a patient using a f., obsolete or modern. [fluorescence + G. skopeo, to examine]

fluoroscopic
fluoroscopic (flor-o-skop′ik)

Relating to or effected by means of fluoroscopy ( i.e., percutaneous biopsy).

fluoroscopy
fluoroscopy (flor-os′ko-pe)

Examination of the tissues and deep structures of the body by x-ray, using the fluoroscope or its successor, video f. (q.v.).
video f. f. using an image intensifier and television camera for image detection and a video monitor for display.

fluorosis
fluorosis (flor-o′sis)

1. A condition caused by an excessive intake of fluorides (2 or more p.p.m. in drinking water), characterized mainly by mottling, staining, or hypoplasia of the enamel of the teeth, although the skeletal bones are also affected. 2. Chronic poisoning of livestock with fluorides that blacken and soften developing teeth and reduce bones to a chalky brittleness; most often caused by ingestion of forage contaminants near large aluminum plants.
chronic endemic f. f. caused by excessive fluorine in the natural water supply, as seen in parts of India; osteosclerosis with ankylosis of the spine may develop.

fluorouracil
fluorouracil (flor-o-u′ra-sil)

A pyrimidine analog; an antineoplastic effective in the treatment of some carcinomas; the cells of certain neoplasms incorporate uracil into ribonucleic acid more readily than do normal tissue cells. SEE ALSO: floxuridine.

fluosol-DA
fluosol-DA (flu′o-sol)

Experimental perfluorochemical solution under investigation as an artificial blood substitute.

fluoxetine hydrochloride
fluoxetine hydrochloride (floo-oks′e-ten)

An oral antidepressant; selectively prevents serotonin reuptake.

fluoxymesterone
fluoxymesterone (floo-ok-se-mes′ter-on)

An orally effective synthetic halogenated steroid, related in chemical structure and pharmacologic action to methyltestosterone, but more potent.

flupentixol
flupentixol (floo-pen-tik′sol)

A neuroleptic.

fluperolone acetate
fluperolone acetate (floo-per′o-lon)

A synthetic corticosteroid.

fluphenazine
fluphenazine (floo-fen′a-zen)

A tranquilizer used as an antipsychotic and neuroleptic agent.
f. enanthate a long-acting antipsychotic, used parenterally.
f. hydrochloride an antipsychotic, used in the management of acute and chronic schizophrenia, involutional, senile, and toxic psychoses, and the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis.

fluprednisolone
fluprednisolone (floo-pred-nis′o-lon)

A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity similar to those of cortisol.

flurandrenolide
flurandrenolide (floor-an-dren′o-lid)

An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in topical preparations.

flurazepam hydrochloride
flurazepam hydrochloride (floor-az′e-pam)

An oral hypnotic and sedative of the benzodiazepine series.

flurbiprofen
flurbiprofen (floor-bi′pro-fen)

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic actions, similar to ibuprofen.

flurogestone acetate
flurogestone acetate (floor-o-jes′ton)

A progestational agent.

flurothyl
flurothyl (floor′o-thil)

An inhalant convulsant; produces grand mal convulsions.

fluroxene
fluroxene (floor-ok′sen)

A volatile, halogenated inhalation anesthetic. SYN: 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl vinyl.

flush
flush (flush)

1. To wash out with a full stream of fluid. 2. A transient erythema due to heat, exertion, stress, or disease. 3. Flat, or even with another surface, as a f. stoma.
carcinoid f. periodic hyperemia (flushing) of the skin of the face and other parts of the body seen in patients with a carcinoid tumor; the tumors elaborate a variety of monoamines and peptide hormones, but the exact cause of the f. is uncertain; f. can be precipitated by alcohol, food, stress, or palpation of the liver.
hectic f. redness of the face associated with a rise of temperature in various fevers.
histamine f. vasodilation and erythema occurring as a result of release of histamine; thought to be a factor in genesis of f. of carcinoid syndrome.
hot f. colloquialism for a vasomotor symptom of the climacteric characterized by sudden vasodilation with a sensation of heat, usually involving the face and neck, and upper part of the chest. Cf.:hot flash.
malar f. localized hectic f. and warmth of the malar eminences, often occurring in tuberculosis and sometimes seen in rheumatic fever or systemic lupus erythematosus.

flutamide
flutamide (floo′ta-mid)

A nonsteroidal synthetic antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostatic cancer; antineoplastic (hormonal).

flutter
flutter (flut′er)

Agitation; tremulousness. [A.S. floterian, to float about]
atrial f., auricular f. rapid regular atrial contractions occurring usually at rates between 250 and 330 per minute (Type I atrial f.) and often producing “saw-tooth” waves in the electrocardiogram, particularly leads II, III, and aVF. Type II atrial f. is at rates of 330–450 per minute. Unlike Type I, it cannot be terminated by overdrive pacing.
diaphragmatic f. rapid rhythmical contractions (average, 150 per minute) of the diaphragm, simulating atrial f. clinically and sometimes electrocardiographically.
impure f. mixture of atrial f. (FF) waves and fibrillation (ff) waves in the electrocardiogram. SYN: fibrilloflutter, flitter, f.-fibrillation.
ocular f. a spontaneous, brief, intermittent, horizontal oscillation of the eyes occurring during fixation; it often coexists with ocular dysmetria in cerebellar syndromes.
ventricular f. a form of rapid ventricular tachycardia in which the electrocardiographic complexes assume a regular undulating pattern without distinct QRS and T waves.

flutter-fibrillation
flutter-fibrillation

SYN: impure flutter.

flux
flux (fluks)

1. The discharge of a fluid material in large amount from a cavity or surface of the body. SEE ALSO: diarrhea. 2. Material discharged from the bowels. 3. A material used to remove oxides from the surface of molten metal and to protect it when casting; serves a similar purpose in soldering operations. Also, an ingredient in dental porcelain that by its lower melting temperature helps to bond the silica particles. 4. (J) The moles of a substance crossing through a unit area of a boundary layer or membrane per unit of time. SYN: f. density (1) . 5. Bidirectional movement of a substance at a membrane or surface. 6. In diagnostic radiology, photon fluence per unit time. 7. The strength of a field of force ( e.g., magnetic) orthogonal to a unit area. 8. The rate of chemical or physical transformation or translocation of a substance per unit time. [L. fluxus, a flow]
luminous f. the quantity of light emitted from a point source in a given time; its unit is the lumen.
net f. the difference between the two unidirectional fluxes.
unidirectional f. the f. of a substance from one surface of a boundary layer or membrane to the other, disregarding any counterbalancing f. in the other direction, as measured by tracer technique.

fly
fly (fli)

A two-winged insect in the order Diptera. Important flies include Simulium (black f.), Calliphora (bluebottle f.), Piophila casei (cheese f.), Chrysops (deer f.), Siphona irritans (horn f.), Fannia scolaris (latrine f.), Oestrus ovis and Gasterophilus hemorrhoidalis (nose f.), Cochliomyia hominivorax (primary screw-worm f.) and C. macellaria (secondary screw-worm f.), Stomoxys calcitrans (stable f.), Glossina (tsetse f.), and members of the insect order Trichoptera. For some types of flies not listed as subentries here (usually written as one word), see the full name ( e.g., blowfly, botfly, gadfly, horsefly, housefly). [A.S. fleóge]
flesh f. genera of flies including Wohlfahrtia, Sarcophaga, and Parasarcophaga that feed on feces and decaying meat or fish; can cause human disease.
heel f. botfly.
louse flies pupiparous, dorsoventrally flattened dipterous ectoparasites of the family Hippoboscidae. SEE ALSO: Hippobosca.
mangrove f. species of Chrysops in Africa, vectors of Loa loa; e.g., Chrysops silacea.
Russian f., Spanish f. SYN: cantharis.
warble f. botfly.

Flynn
Flynn

P., U.S. physician. See F.-Aird syndrome, F. phenomenon.

Fm
Fm

Symbol for fermium.

FMD
FMD

Abbreviation for foot-and-mouth disease.

fMet
fMet

Abbreviation for N-formylmethionine.

fMet-tRNA
fMet-tRNA

Abbreviation for formylmethionyl tRNA.

FMLH
FMLH

Abbreviation for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

FMN
FMN

Abbreviation for flavin mononucleotide.

FMR1
FMR1

SYN: fragile X syndrome.

FNA
FNA

Abbreviation for fine needle aspiration biopsy.

foam
foam (fom)

1. Masses of small bubbles on the surface of a liquid. 2. To produce such bubbles. 3. Masses of air cells in a solid or semisolid, as in f. rubber.
human fibrin f. a dry artificial sponge of human fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a f. of a solution of human fibrinogen; the clotted f. is dried from the frozen state and heated; used as a topical anticoagulant.

focal
focal (fo′kal)

1. Denoting a focus. 2. Relating to a localized area.

focal spot size
focal spot size

The measured size of a focal spot of an x-ray tube, a function of the actual size of the cathode and the angulation of the anode surface. See focal spot.

foci
foci (fo′si)

Plural of focus.

focimeter
focimeter (fo-sim′e-ter)

SYN: lensometer.

focus
focus, pl .foci (fo′kus, fo′si)

1. (F) The point at which the light rays meet after passing through a convex lens. 2. The center, or the starting point, of a disease process. [L. a hearth]
conjugate foci two points so related to a lens or concave mirror that an image at one point is focused at the other, and vice versa.
Ghon f. SYN: Ghon tubercle.
natural f. of infection an ecosystem in which an infectious agent normally persists in nature; e.g., yellow fever virus in a jungle monkey-Haemagogus mosquito ecosystem.
principal f. the real or virtual meeting point of rays passing into a lens parallel to its axis.
real f. the point of meeting of convergent rays.
virtual f. the point from which divergent rays seem to proceed, or that at which they would meet if prolonged backward.

fodrin
fodrin (fo′drin)

A spectrin-like protein that cross-links adjacent actin filaments in vertebrate cells.

Fogarty
Fogarty

Thomas J., U.S. thoracic surgeon, *1934. See F. embolectomy catheter, F. clamp.

fogging
fogging (fog′ing)

A method of refraction in which accommodation is relaxed by overcorrection with a convex spherical lens.

fogo selvagem
fogo selvagem (fo′go sel′va-jem)

A form of pemphigus foliaceus, occurring in southern Brazil, in which the lesions are bullous, appear localized to the face and upper trunk, become widespread, variegated, erythrodermic, and exfoliative, and are immunologically indistinguishable from pemphigus foliaceus or vulgaris. SYN: Brazilian pemphigus, wildfire. [Pg. wild fire]

foil
foil (foyl)

An extremely thin pliable sheet of metal.

Foix
Foix

Charles, French neurologist, 1882–1927. See F.-Alajouanine myelitis, F.-Alajouanine syndrome, F.-Cavany-Marie syndrome.

folate
folate (fo′lat)

A salt or ester of folic acid.

fold
fold (fold) [TA]

1. A ridge or margin apparently formed by the doubling back of a lamina. SYN: plica. 2. In the embryo, a transient elevation or reduplication of tissue in the form of a lamina.
adipose folds of the pleura SYN: fatty folds of pleura.
alar folds of intrapatellar synovial f. [TA] winglike fat-filled lateral and medial fringes or expansions of the infrapatellar synovial f.. SYN: plicae alares plicae synovialis infrapatellaris.
amnionic f. a f. of amnionic membrane enclosing the yolk stalk and extending from the point of insertion of the umbilical cord to the yolk sac; in reptiles and birds it is the reflected edge of the amnion where it folds over to cover the embryo during early development. SYN: Schultze f..
ampullary folds of uterine tube one of the folds of mucous membrane at the fimbriated extremity of the uterine tube. SYN: plicae ampullares tubae uterinae.
anterior axillary f. bounds axilla anteriorly; formed by skin and fascia overlying inferior border of pectoralis major muscle.
aryepiglottic f. [TA] a prominent f. of mucous membrane stretching between the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage on either side; it encloses the aryepiglottic muscle. SYN: plica aryepiglottica [TA] , arytenoepiglottidean f..
arytenoepiglottidean f. SYN: aryepiglottic f..
axillary f. one of the folds of skin and muscular tissue bounding the axilla anteriorly and posteriorly. SYN: plica axillaris.
caval f. a f. near the base on the right side of the dorsal mesentery, in which a primordial segment of the inferior vena cava develops between the right subcardinal vein and vessels within the liver.
cecal folds [TA] the two peritoneal folds that border the retrocecal fossa. SYN: plicae cecales [TA] .
f. of chorda tympani the f. of mucosa that surrounds the chorda tympani nerve in its course through the tympanic cavity. SYN: plica chordae tympani.
ciliary folds [TA] a number of low ridges in the furrows between the ciliary processes; together with the processes they constitute the corona ciliaris. SYN: plicae ciliares [TA] .
circular folds of small intestine [TA] the numerous folds of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, running transversely for about two-thirds of the circumference of the gut. SYN: plicae circulares intestini tenuis [TA] , Kerckring folds, Kerckring valves, valvulae conniventes.
Dennie-Morgan f. a f. or line below both lower eyelids caused by edema in atopic dermatitis. SYN: Dennie line.
dinucleotide f. a structural domain in certain proteins that binds NAD⁺ or NADP⁺. SYN: dinucleotide domain.
Douglas f. SYN: rectouterine f..
Duncan folds the folds on the peritoneal surface of the uterus immediately after delivery.
duodenojejunal f. superior duodenal f..
duodenomesocolic f. inferior duodenal f..
epicanthal f. SYN: palpebronasal f..
epigastric f. SYN: lateral umbilical f..
epiglottic folds one of the three folds of mucous membrane passing between the tongue and the epiglottis, lateral glossoepiglottic f. on either side, and median glossoepiglottic f. centrally. SYN: plicae epiglotticae.
falciform retinal f. a congenital f. from the disk to the ciliary region in the inferior temporal quadrant of the retina.
fatty folds of pleura lobules of fat enveloped in the pleura, chiefly in the neighborhood of the costomediastinal sinus. SYN: adipose folds of the pleura, plicae adiposae pleurae.
fimbriated f. of inferior surface of tongue [TA] one of several folds running outward from the frenulum on the undersurface of the tongue. SYN: plica fimbriata faciei inferioris linguae [TA] .
gastric folds [TA] characteristic folds of the gastric mucosa, especially evident when the stomach is contracted. SYN: plicae gastricae [TA] , gastric rugae&star, ruga gastrica, rugae of stomach.
gastropancreatic folds [TA] the folds of peritoneum in the omental bursa that encase the hepatic and left gastric arteries as these vessels pass toward their destinations. SYN: plicae gastropancreaticae [TA] .
genital f. SYN: urogenital ridge.
giant gastric folds enlarged gastric submucosal ridges covered by hyperplastic mucosa, as seen in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Ménétrièr disease, and hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy.
glossopalatine f. SYN: palatoglossal arch.
gluteal f. [TA] a prominent f. that marks the upper limit of the thigh from the lower limit of the buttock; it coincides with the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle; the furrow between the buttock and thigh. SYN: sulcus gluteus [TA] , gluteal furrow.
Guérin f. SYN: valve of navicular fossa.
Hasner f. SYN: lacrimal f..
head f. a ventral folding of the cephalic extremity in the embryonic disk, so that the brain lies rostrad to the mouth and pericardium.
Houston folds SYN: transverse folds of rectum.
ileocecal f. [TA] a f. of peritoneum bounding the ileocecal or ileoappendicular fossa. SYN: plica ileocecalis [TA] , Treves f..
incudal f. a variable f. of mucosa that passes from the roof of the tympanic cavity to the body and short limb of the incus. SYN: plica incudis.
inferior duodenal f. [TA] a f. of peritoneum bounding the inferior duodenal recess. SYN: plica duodenalis inferior [TA] , duodenomesocolic f.&star, plica duodenomesocolica&star.
infrapatellar synovial f. [TA] a f. of synovial membrane extending from below the level of the articular surface of the patella to the anterior part of the intercondylar fossa. SYN: plica synovialis infrapatellaris [TA] , plica synovialis patellaris.
inguinal f. SYN: plica inguinalis.
inguinal aponeurotic f. SYN: inguinal falx.
interarytenoid f. the soft tissue between the arytenoid cartilages. SYN: posterior commissure of the larynx.
interdigital folds SYN: web of fingers/toes.
interureteric f. SYN: interureteric crest.
folds of iris [TA] numerous very fine, almost microscopic, radial folds on the posterior surface of the iris that extend around the pupillary margin. SYN: plicae iridis [TA] .
Kerckring folds SYN: circular folds of small intestine.
Kohlrausch folds SYN: transverse folds of rectum.
labioscrotal folds lateral folds at either side of the embryonic cloacal membrane that develop into either the scrotum or the labia majora.
lacrimal f. [TA] a f. of mucous membrane guarding the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct. SYN: plica lacrimalis [TA] , Hasner f., Huschke valve, Rosenmüller valve.
f. of laryngeal nerve SYN: f. of superior laryngeal nerve.
lateral folds ventral foldings of the lateral margins of the embryonic disk, the development of which helps establish the definitive embryonic body form.
lateral glossoepiglottic f. [TA] the f. of mucous membrane that extends from the margin of the epiglottis to the pharyngeal wall and base of the tongue on each side, forming the lateral boundary of the epiglottic valleculae. SYN: plica glossoepiglottica lateralis [TA] , pharyngoepiglottic f..
lateral nasal f. SYN: lateral nasal prominence.
lateral umbilical f. [TA] the ridge on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall formed by the inferior epigastric vessels. SYN: plica umbilicalis lateralis [TA] , epigastric f., plica epigastrica.
f. of left vena cava [TA] a pericardial f. lying between the left oblique vein of the atrium and the left superior pulmonary vein containing the obliterated remains of the left superior vena cava. SYN: plica venae cavae sinistrae [TA] , Marshall vestigial f., vestigial f..
longitudinal f. of duodenum [TA] a f. of mucosa on the medial wall of the descending part of the duodenum above the major duodenal papilla, probably caused by the relation to the common bile duct. SYN: plica longitudinalis duodeni [TA] .
malar f. an ill-defined groove in the skin that extends downward and medially from the lateral canthus.
mallear folds [TA] two ligamentous bands, anterior and posterior, making folds on the tympanic side of the tympanic membrane extending from each extremity of the tympanic notch to the malleolar prominence; they mark the boundary between the tense and the flaccid portions of the tympanic membrane. SYN: plicae malleares (anterior et posterior) [TA] , plica membranae tympani.
mammary f. SYN: mammary ridge.
Marshall vestigial f. SYN: f. of left vena cava.
medial canthic f. palpebronasal f..
medial nasal f. SYN: medial nasal prominence.
medial umbilical f. [TA] a f. of peritoneum on the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall that covers the obliterated umbilical artery on either side of the urachus. SYN: plica umbilicalis medialis [TA] , plica hypogastrica.
median glossoepiglottic f. [TA] a f. of mucous membrane in the midline that extends from the back of the tongue to the epiglottis, forming the medial boundary of the epiglottic valleculae. SYN: plica glossoepiglottica mediana [TA] , frenulum epiglottidis, middle glossoepiglottic f..
median umbilical f. [TA] a f. of peritoneum on the anterior wall of the abdomen covering the urachus, or remains of the allantoic stalk. SYN: middle umbilical f., plica urachi, urachal f..
medullary folds SYN: neural folds.
mesonephric f. SYN: mesonephric ridge.
middle glossoepiglottic f. SYN: median glossoepiglottic f..
middle transverse rectal f. See transverse folds of rectum.
middle umbilical f. SYN: median umbilical f..
mongolian f. SYN: palpebronasal f..
mucobuccal f. the line of flexure of the mucous membrane as it passes from the mandible or maxillae to the cheek.
mucosal folds of gallbladder [TA] the interlacing folds of the mucosa that produce a honeycomb appearance in the interior of the gallbladder. SYN: plicae mucosae vesicae biliaris [TA] , rugae of gallbladder&star, rugae vesicae biliaris&star.
nail f. SYN: nail wall.
nasojugal f. a shallow groove in the skin that extends downward and laterally from the medial canthus.
Nélaton f. See transverse folds of rectum.
neural folds the elevated margins of the neural groove. SYN: medullary folds.
opercular f. tissue forming a bridge or an adhesion between the tonsil and the anterior pillar of the fauces.
palmate folds of cervical canal the two longitudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the mucous membrane lining the cervix uteri, from which numerous secondary folds, or rugae, branch off. SYN: plicae palmatae canalis cervicis uteri [TA] , arbor vitae uteri, lyra uterina.
palpebronasal f. [TA] a f. of skin extending from the root of the nose to the medial termination of the eyebrow, overlapping the medial angle of the eye; its presence is normal in fetal life and in some Asians. SYN: plica palpebronasalis [TA] , medial canthic f.&star, epicanthal f., epicanthus, mongolian f..
paraduodenal f. [TA] a sickle-shaped f. of peritoneum sometimes found arching between the left side of the duodenojejunal flexure and the medial border of the left kidney; its right free edge contains the ascending branch of the left colic artery and inferior mesenteric vein; forms anterior boundary of the paraduodenal recess. SEE ALSO: paraduodenal recess. SYN: plica paraduodenalis [TA] , Treitz arch.
pharyngoepiglottic f. SYN: lateral glossoepiglottic f..
pleuropericardial f. a tissue f. jutting into the right or left embryonic pericardioperitoneal canal; it separates the developing pericardium from the pleural cavity and is formed by the growth of the common cardinal veins to the midline of the body. SYN: pericardiopleural membrane, pleuropericardial membrane.
pleuroperitoneal f. a tissue f. jutting into the caudal portion of the embryonic pericardioperitoneal canal; it develops into the dorsal portion of the definitive diaphragm and is formed by the lungs growing caudally and the liver expanding cranially. SYN: pleuroperitoneal membrane.
posterior axillary f. bounds axilla posteriorly; formed by skin and fascia overlying latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles and tendons of insertion.
presplenic f. a fan-shaped f. of peritoneum that passes from the gastrosplenic ligament near the lower end of the spleen to the phrenicocolic ligament with which it blends. It contains branches of the splenic or the left gastroepiploic artery.
rectal folds SYN: transverse folds of rectum.
rectouterine f. [TA] a f. of peritoneum, containing the rectouterine muscle, passing from the sacrum to the base of the broad ligament on either side, forming the lateral boundary of the rectouterine (Douglas) pouch. SYN: plica rectouterina [TA] , Douglas f., sacrouterine f..
rectovesical f. SYN: sacrovesical f..
retinal f. a congenital or secondary f., consequent to membrane contraction, producing star-shaped, meridional, or circular folds on the retina.
retroauricular f. skin crease made by the junction of the pinna and the postauricular skin.
retrotarsal f. SYN: conjunctival fornix.
Rindfleisch folds semilunar folds of the serous surface of the pericardium, embracing the beginning of the aorta.
sacrogenital folds peritoneal folds that extend backward from the sides of the bladder of the male or uterus of the female on either side of the rectum to the sacrum, forming the lateral boundaries of the rectovesical pouch. See sacrouterine f., sacrovesical f..
sacrouterine f. SYN: rectouterine f..
sacrovaginal f. the lower part of the sacrouterine f.. SYN: plica rectovaginalis.
sacrovesical f. the f. of peritoneum in the male that bounds the rectovesical pouch laterally. SYN: rectovesical f..
salpingopalatine f. [TA] a ridge of mucous membrane passing from the anterior border of the opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube to the palate. SYN: plica salpingopalatina [TA] , plica tubopalatina.
salpingopharyngeal f. [TA] a ridge of mucous membrane extending from the lower end of the tubal elevation along the wall of the pharynx overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle. SYN: plica salpingopharyngea [TA] .
Schultze f. SYN: amnionic f..
semilunar f. [TA] inconsistent curved f. connecting the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch above the supratonsillar fossa; when present, it always contains lymphoid tissue. SYN: plica semilunaris [TA] .
semilunar folds of colon [TA] one of the folds of the wall of the colon between sacculations. SYN: plicae semilunares coli [TA] , plicae semilunares of colon.
semilunar conjunctival f. SYN: plica semilunaris of conjunctiva.
spiral f. of cystic duct [TA] a series of crescentic folds of mucous membrane in the upper part of the cystic duct, arranged in a somewhat spiral manner. SYN: plica spiralis ductus cystici [TA] , Amussat valve, Heister valve, spiral valve of cystic duct, valvula spiralis.
stapedial f. SYN: f. of stapes.
f. of stapes [TA] a reflection of the delicate mucous membrane from the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity that covers the stapes. SYN: plica stapedialis, stapedial f..
sublingual f. [TA] an elevation in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, on either side, marking the site of the sublingual gland. SYN: plica sublingualis [TA] .
superior duodenal f. [TA] a f. of peritoneum bounding the superior duodenal recess. SYN: plica duodenalis superior [TA] , duodenojejunal f.&star, plica duodenojejunalis&star.
f. of superior laryngeal nerve [TA] the slight f. of mucosa in the piriform recess of the pharynx that encloses the superior laryngeal nerve. SYN: plica nervi laryngei superioris [TA] , f. of laryngeal nerve.
synovial f. a ridge or projection of the synovial membrane of a joint extending toward or between the two articular surfaces. SYN: plica synovialis.
tail f. the ventral folding of the caudal extremity of the embryonic disk.
tarsal f. the f. marking the attachment of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle into the skin of the upper eyelid.
transverse palatine f. [TA] a masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances. SYN: plica palatina transversa [TA] , ruga palatina, transverse palatine ridge.
transverse folds of rectum [TA] the three or four crescentic folds placed horizontally in the rectal mucous membrane; the superior rectal f. is situated near the beginning of the rectum on the left side; the middle rectal f. (Houston or Kohlrausch f.) is most prominent and consistent and projects from the right side about 8 cm above the anus (approximately the level of the floor of the rectouterine or rectovesical pouch); the inferior rectal f. is on the left side about 5 cm above the anus. SYN: plicae transversales recti [TA] , Houston folds, Kohlrausch folds, plicae recti, rectal folds, rectal valves.
transverse vesical f. a duplication of peritoneum passing over the empty bladder, but obliterated when the viscus is full. SYN: plica vesicalis transversa.
Treves f. SYN: ileocecal f..
triangular f. [TA] an inconstant f. of mucous membrane anterior to the palatine tonsil arising from the palatoglossal arch. SYN: plica triangularis [TA] .
urachal f. SYN: median umbilical f..
ureteric f. SYN: interureteric crest.
urorectal f. SYN: urorectal septum, urorectal membrane.
folds of uterine tubes [TA] many longitudinal folds in the mucous membrane of the uterine (fallopian) tube. SYN: plicae tubariae tubae uterinae [TA] .
uterovesical f. SYN: uterovesical ligament.
vascular f. of the cecum [TA] a peritoneal f. that arches over a branch of the ileocolic artery and bounds in front a narrow recess, the superior ileocecal (or ileocolic) recess. SYN: plica cecalis vascularis [TA] .
Vater f. a f. of mucous membrane in the duodenum just above the greater duodenal papilla.
ventricular f. SYN: vestibular f..
vestibular f. [TA] one of the pair of folds of mucous membrane overlying the vestibular ligaments that stretch across the laryngeal cavity from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage; the right and left pair enclose a space called the rima vestibuli or false glottis, and form the superior boundary of the laryngeal ventricle. SYN: plica vestibularis [TA] , false vocal cord, plica ventricularis, ventricular band of larynx, ventricular f..
vestigial f. SYN: f. of left vena cava.
vocal f. [TA] the sharp-edged f. of mucous membrane overlying the vocal ligament and stretching along either wall of the larynx from the angle between the laminae of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage; the vocal folds are the agents concerned in voice production. SYN: plica vocalis [TA] , chorda vocalis, Ferrein cords, labium vocale, true vocal cord, vocal cord, vocal shelf.

Foley
Foley

Frederic E.B., U.S. urologist, 1891–1966. See F. catheter, F. Y-plasty pyeloplasty.

folia
folia (fo′le-a)

Plural of folium.

foliaceous
foliaceous (fo-le-a′shus)

SYN: foliate.

foliar
foliar (fo′le-ar)

SYN: foliate.

foliate
foliate (fo′le-at)

Pertaining to or resembling a leaf or leaflet. SYN: foliaceous, foliar, foliose.

folic acid folic acid (fo′lik)

1. A collective term for pteroylglutamic acids and their oligoglutamic acid conjugates. A collective term for pteroylglutamic acids and their oligoglutamic acid conjugates. N-[p-[[(2-Amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6- yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L(+)-glutamic acid; specifically, pteroylmonoglutamic acid; the growth factor for Lactobacillus casei, and a member of the vitamin B complex necessary for the normal production of red blood cells; present, with or without L(+)- glutamic acid moieties, in peptide linkages in liver, green vegetables, and yeast; used to treat folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia. SEE ALSO: homocysteine. 2. The growth factor for Lactobacillus casei, and a member of the vitamin B complex necessary for the normal production of red blood cells. It is a hemopoietic vitamin present, with or without l-(+)-glutamic acid moieties, in peptide linkages in liver, green vegetables, and yeast; used to treat folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia, and to assist in lowering homocysteine levels. SYN: Lactobacillus casei factor, liver Lactobacillus casei factor, pteroylmonoglutamic acid. [L. folium, leaf, + -ic] Recent research has yielded a clearer understanding of the role of f. in human metabolism, identified health problems associated with dietary deficiency of f., provided evidence of therapeutic benefits of f. supplementation, and suggested that dietary allowances of folic acid formerly recommended (200 μg/day for men and 180 μg/day for women) are insufficient for certain persons, including pregnant women. Natural sources of f. include whole-grain breads and cereals, orange juice, lentils, beans, yeast, liver, and green leafy vegetables such as broccoli, kale, and spinach. F. and cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) serve as components of coenzymes in 1-carbon reactions such as the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. F. deficiency results in macrocytic anemia due to impairment of erythrocyte synthesis and is associated with elevation of plasma homocysteine levels, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including coronary atherosclerosis, stroke, and thromboembolism. Deficiency of f. in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly as well as an increased risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Persons with inherited deficiency of the enzyme 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase have increased needs for dietary f.. The prevalence of the homozygous form of this deficiency may exceed 10% of the general population. Intake of f., pyridoxine (vitamin B₆), and cobalamin above the current recommended dietary allowance has been associated with a substantially lower risk of coronary artery disease and of neural tube defects. Nutritionists recommend at least 400 μg/day of f. for all persons, and 1 mg/day or more for pregnant women and those with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. The Food and Drug Administration requires fortification of grains and cereals with f..

folie
folie (fo-le′)

Old term for madness or insanity. [Fr. folly]
f. à deux (a-du) identical or similar mental disorders, such as a paranoid fixation, usually affecting two members of the same family living together. SYN: shared psychotic disorder. [Fr. two]
f. du doute (du-doot) an excessive doubting about all the affairs of life and a morbid scrupulousness concerning minutiae. [Fr. from doubt]
f. du pourquoi (poor-kwah′) a psychopathologic tendency to ask questions. [Fr. why]
f. gémellaire (zha-mel-ar′) a psychosis appearing simultaneously, or nearly so, in twins, who are not necessarily living together or intimately associated at the time. [Fr. relating to twins]

Folin
Folin

Otto K.O., U.S. biochemist, 1867–1934. See F. reaction, F. test, F.-Looney test.

folinate
folinate (fo′li-nat)

A salt or ester of folinic acid.

folinic acid
folinic acid (fo-lin′ik)

1. The active form of folic acid that acts as a formyl group carrier in transformylation reactions; the calcium salt, leucovorin calcium, has therapeutic use. 2. The term is occasionally applied to other folates. SYN: citrovorum factor, leucovorin.

foliose
foliose (fo′le-os)

SYN: foliate.

folium
folium, pl .folia (fo′le-um, -le-a) [TA]

A broad, thin, leaflike structure. [L. a leaf]
folia cerebelli [TA] SYN: folia of cerebellum.
folia of cerebellum [TA] the narrow, leaf-like gyri of the cerebellar cortex. SEE ALSO: f. of vermis. SYN: folia cerebelli [TA] .
folia linguae SYN: foliate papillae, under papilla.
f. vermis [TA] SYN: f. of vermis.
f. of vermis [TA] a small posterior subdivision of the superior vermis of the cerebellum consisting of lobule VIIA. SYN: f. vermis [TA] .

Folli Folli, Folius

Cecilio (Caesilius), Venetian anatomist, 1615–1660. See F. process, follian process.

follicle
follicle (fol′i-kl) [TA]

1. A more or less spherical mass of cells usually containing a cavity. 2. A crypt or minute cul-de-sac or lacuna, such as the depression in the skin from which the hair emerges. SYN: folliculus [TA] . [L. folliculus, a small sac, dim. of follis, a pair of bellows]
aggregated lymphatic follicles of small intestine SYN: aggregated lymphoid nodules of small intestine, under nodule.
aggregated lymphatic follicles of vermiform appendix SYN: aggregated lymphoid nodules, under nodule.
anovular ovarian f. a f. that does not contain an ovum.
antral f. SYN: vesicular ovarian f..
atretic ovarian f. a f. that degenerates before coming to maturity; great numbers of such atretic follicles occur in the ovary before puberty; in the sexually mature woman, several are formed each month. SYN: corpus atreticum.
dental f. the dental sac with its enclosed odontogenic organ and developing tooth.
gastric follicles SYN: gastric glands, under gland.
graafian f. SYN: vesicular ovarian f..
growing ovarian f. a f. having several layers of proliferating follicular cells surrounding the ovum, but separated from it by an extracellular glycoprotein layer (zona pellucida).
hair f. [TA] a tubelike invagination of the epidermis from which the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open; the f. is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. SYN: folliculus pili [TA] .
intestinal follicles SYN: intestinal glands, under gland.
Lieberkühn follicles SYN: intestinal glands, under gland.
lingual follicles SYN: folliculi linguales, under folliculus.
luteinized unruptured f. a f. that has undergone luteinization without prior rupture; once thought to cause infertility but now believed to occur equally often in fertile and infertile women.
lymphatic follicles of larynx SYN: laryngeal lymphoid nodules, under nodule.
lymphatic follicles of rectum SYN: folliculi lymphatici recti, under folliculus.
mature ovarian f. a f. ready for ovulation; in the human ovary its antrum attains a diameter of 6–8 mm and presents a surface bulge; a first maturation (meiotic) division of the ovum usually occurs just prior to the rupture of the f..
Montgomery follicles SYN: areolar glands, under gland.
multilaminar primary f. a primary ovarian f. with two or more layers of cuboidal follicular cells investing the oocyte.
nabothian f. SYN: nabothian cyst.
ovarian f. one of the spheroidal cell aggregations in the ovary containing an ovum.
polyovular ovarian f. a f. containing more than one ovum.
primary ovarian f. an ovarian f. before the appearance of an antrum; marked by developmental changes in the oocyte and follicular cells so that the latter form one or more layers of cuboidal or columnar cells; the f. becomes surrounded by a sheath of stroma, the theca. SYN: folliculus ovaricus primarius.
primordial ovarian f. a f. in which the primordial oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells.
sebaceous follicles SYN: sebaceous glands, under gland.
secondary ovarian f. SYN: vesicular ovarian f..
solitary follicles SYN: solitary lymphatic nodules, under nodule.
solitary lymphatic follicles SYN: solitary lymphatic nodules, under nodule.
splenic lymph follicles small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue attached to the sides of the smaller arterial branches. SYN: folliculi lymphatici lienales, malpighian bodies, malpighian corpuscles (2) , malpighian glands, malpighian nodules, splenic corpuscles, splenic lymph nodules.
follicles of thyroid gland SYN: folliculi glandulae thyroideae, under folliculus.
unilaminar primary f. a primary ovarian f. with a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells investing the oocyte.
vesicular f. SYN: vesicular ovarian f..
vesicular ovarian f. a f. in which the oocyte attains its full size and is surrounded by an extracellular glycoprotein layer (zona pellucida) that separates it from a peripheral layer of follicular cells permeated by one or more fluid-filled antra; the theca of the f. develops into internal and external layers. SYN: antral f., folliculus ovaricus vesiculosus, graafian f., secondary ovarian f., vesicular f..

follicular
follicular (fo-lik′u-lar)

Relating to a follicle or follicles.

folliculi
folliculi (fo-lik′u-li)

Plural of folliculus.

folliculin
folliculin (fo-lik′oo-lin)

SYN: estrone.

folliculin hydrate
folliculin hydrate

SYN: estriol.

folliculitis
folliculitis (fo-lik-u-li′tis)

An inflammatory reaction in hair follicles; the lesions may be papules or pustules.
f. abscedens et suffodiens a chronic progressive pustular f. in the scalp.
f. barbae SYN: tinea barbae.
f. decalvans a papular or pustular inflammation of the hair follicles of the scalp, of unknown cause, seen mostly in men, resulting in scarring and loss of hair in the affected area.
eosinophilic pustular f. a dermatosis characterized by sterile pruritic papules and pustules that coalesce to form plaques with papulovesicular borders; spontaneous exacerbations and remissions may be accompanied by peripheral leukocytosis, eosinophilia, or both, and may result in eventual destruction of hair follicles and formation of eosinophilic abscesses. The disease has been reported in AIDS, and a possibly separate form of eosinophilic pustular f. occurs in infants. SYN: Ofuji disease.
f. keloidalis SYN: acne keloid.
f. nares perforans inflammation of a hair follicle in the nose; the infection extends to, and perforates, the cutaneous surface.
perforating f. erythematous papules with a central keratin plug that are scattered on the arms, thighs, and buttocks; dermal fibers are seen in biopsies extending into the follicle; similar changes are seen especially in diabetics on hemodialysis. SEE ALSO: hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis.
f. ulerythematosa reticulata erythematous “ice-pick” or pitted scars on the cheeks; a scarring type of f., associated with keratosis pilaris and commonly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

folliculoma
folliculoma (fo-lik-u-lo′ma)

1. SYN: granulosa cell tumor. 2. Cystic enlargement of a graafian follicle.

folliculosis
folliculosis (fo-lik-u-lo′sis)

Presence of lymph follicles in abnormally great numbers.

folliculus
folliculus, pl .folliculi (fo-lik′u-lus, -u-li) [TA]

SYN: follicle. [L. a small sac, dim. of follis, bellows]
folliculi glandulae thyroideae the small spherical vesicular components of the thyroid gland lined with epithelium and containing colloid in varying amounts; the colloid serves for storage of the thyroid hormone precursor, thyroglobulin. SYN: follicles of thyroid gland.
folliculi linguales collections of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the pharyngeal part of the tongue posterior to the terminal sulcus collectively forming the lingual tonsil. SYN: lenticular papillae, lingual follicles.
folliculi lymphatici aggregati SYN: aggregated lymphoid nodules of small intestine, under nodule.
folliculi lymphatici aggregati appendicis vermiformis SYN: aggregated lymphoid nodules, under nodule.
folliculi lymphatici gastrici SYN: gastric lymphoid nodules, under nodule.
folliculi lymphatici laryngei SYN: laryngeal lymphoid nodules, under nodule.
folliculi lymphatici lienales SYN: splenic lymph follicles, under follicle.
folliculi lymphatici recti scattered collections of lymphoid tissue in the wall of the rectum. SYN: lymphatic follicles of rectum.
folliculi lymphatici solitarii SYN: solitary lymphatic nodules, under nodule.
f. lymphaticus SYN: lymphoid nodule.
f. ovaricus primarius SYN: primary ovarian follicle.
f. ovaricus vesiculosus SYN: vesicular ovarian follicle.
f. pili [TA] SYN: hair follicle.

Folling
Folling

Ivar A., Norwegian physician, 1888–1973. See F. disease.

follistatin
follistatin (fol-i-stat-′n)

A peptide synthesized by granulosa cells in response to FSH that suppresses FSH activity, probably by binding activins. [follicle + -stat + -in]

follitropin
follitropin (fol-i-tro′pin)

An acidic glycoprotein hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the graafian follicles of the ovary and assists subsequently in follicular maturation and the secretion of estradiol; in the male, it stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and is partially responsible for inducing spermatogenesis. SYN: follicle-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating principle, gametokinetic hormone. [follicle + G. trope, a turning, + -in]

Foltz
Foltz

Jean C.E., French anatomist and ophthalmologist, 1822–1876. See F. valvule.

fomentation
fomentation (fo-men-ta′shun)

1. A warm application. SEE ALSO: poultice, stupe. 2. Application of warmth and moisture in the treatment of disease. [L. fomento, pp. -atus, to foment, fr. fomentum, a poultice, fr. foveo, to keep warm]

fomes
fomes, pl .fomites (fo′mez, fom′i-tez)

Objects, such as clothing, towels, and utensils that possibly harbor a disease agent and are capable of transmitting it; usually used in the plural. SYN: fomite. [L. tinder, fr. foveo, to keep warm]

fomite
fomite (fo′mit)

SYN: fomes. [L. fomitis, gen. of fomes. See fomes.]

fomites
fomites (fo′mi-tez)

Plural of fomes.

fonazine mesylate
fonazine mesylate (fo′na-zen)

A serotonin inhibitor with muscle relaxant properties. SYN: dimethothiazine mesylate.

Fonio
Fonio

Anton, Swiss physician, 1881–1968. See F. solution.

Fonsecaea
Fonsecaea (fon-se-se′a)

A genus of fungi of which at least two species, F. pedrosoi and F. compacta, cause chromoblastomycosis.

Fontan
Fontan

Francois M., French thoracic surgeon, *1929. See F. procedure, F. operation.

Fontana
Fontana

Felice, Italian physiologist, 1730–1805. See F. canal, F. spaces, under space.

Fontana
Fontana

Arturo, Italian dermatologist, 1873–1950. See F. stain, F.-Masson silver stain, Masson-F. ammoniac silver stain.

fontanelle
fontanelle (fon′ta-nel′) [NA]

One of several membranous intervals at the margins of the cranial bones in the infant. See cranial fontanelles. SYN: fonticulus. [Fr. dim. of fontaine, fountain, spring]
anterior f. [NA] a diamond-shaped membranous interval at the junction of the coronal, sagittal, and metopic sutures where the frontal angles of the parietal bones meet the two ununited halves of the frontal bone. SYN: bregmatic f., fonticulus anterior, frontal f..
anterolateral f. SYN: sphenoidal f..
bregmatic f. SYN: anterior f..
Casser f. SYN: mastoid f..
cranial fontanelles [NA] the membranous intervals between the angles of the cranial bones in the infant; they include the midline anterior fontanel and posterior fontanel, and the paired sphenoidal fontanel and mastoid fontanel. SYN: fonticuli cranii.
frontal f. SYN: anterior f..
Gerdy f. SYN: sagittal f..
mastoid f. [NA] the membranous interval on either side between the mastoid angle of the parietal bone, the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and the occipital bone. SYN: fonticulus mastoideus [NA] , fonticulus posterolateralis&star, Casser f., posterolateral f..
occipital f. SYN: posterior f..
posterior f. a triangular interval at the union of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures where the occipital angles of the parietal bones meet the occipital. SYN: fonticulus posterior, occipital f..
posterolateral f. SYN: mastoid f..
sagittal f. [NA] an occasional fontanel-like defect in the sagittal suture in the newborn. SYN: Gerdy f..
sphenoidal f. [NA] an irregularly shaped interval on either side where the frontal, sphenoidal angle of the parietal, squamous portion of the temporal and greater wing of the sphenoid meet. SYN: fonticulus sphenoidalis [NA] , fonticulus anterolateralis&star, anterolateral f..

fonticulus
fonticulus, pl .fonticuli (fon-tik′u-lus, -li)

SYN: fontanelle. See cranial fontanelles, under fontanelle. [L. dim. of fons (font-), fountain, spring]
f. anterior SYN: anterior fontanelle.
f. anterolateralis sphenoidal fontanelle.
fonticuli cranii SYN: cranial fontanelles, under fontanelle.
f. mastoideus [NA] SYN: mastoid fontanelle.
f. posterior SYN: posterior fontanelle.
f. posterolateralis mastoid fontanelle.
f. sphenoidalis [NA] SYN: sphenoidal fontanelle.

food
food (food)

That which is eaten to supply necessary nutritive elements. [A.S. foda]

Foot
Foot

N.C., 20th century U.S. pathologist. See F. reticulin impregnation stain.

foot
foot (fut) [TA]

1. The lower, pedal, podalic, extremity of the leg. SYN: pes (1) . 2. A unit of length, containing 12 inches, equal to 30.48 cm. [A.S. fot]
athlete's f. SYN: tinea pedis.
claw f. clawfoot.
club f. talipes equinovarus.
contracted f. SYN: talipes cavus.
drop f. footdrop.
f. of hippocampus the anterior thickened extremity of the hippocampus. SYN: pes hippocampi [TA] , digitationes hippocampi.
immersion f. a condition resulting from prolonged exposure to damp and cold; the extremity is initially cold and anesthetic, but on rewarming becomes hyperemic, paresthetic, and hyperhidrotic; recovery is often slow. SYN: trench f..
Madura f. SYN: mycetoma.
Morand f. a f. having eight toes.
mossy f. a profuse velvety papillomatous growth that develops large warty projections; caused by chronic lymphedema and stasis with maceration and associated infection. SYN: lymphedematous keratoderma, lymphostatic verrucosis.
sandal f. a wide space between the first and second toes seen in Down syndrome.
spastic flat f. eversion of the f. with spasm of the muscles (peroneal) on the outer side; often associated with abnormal bars of bone cartilage or fibrous tissue between the calcaneum and the navicular (scaphoid) or between the navicular and the talus, resulting in a tarsal coalition.
trench f. SYN: immersion f..

footcandle
footcandle (fut′kan-dl)

Illumination or brightness equivalent to 1 lumen per square foot; replaced in the SI system by the candela.

footdrop
footdrop (fut′drop)

Partial or total inability to dorsiflex the foot, as a consequence of which the toes drag on the ground during walking unless a steppage gait is used; most often ultimately due to weakness of the dorsiflexor muscles of the foot (especially the tibialis anterior), but has many causes, including disorders of the central nervous system, motor unit, tendons, and bones.

footling
footling (foot′ling)

A fetal foot, particularly one that descends into the birth canal in an incomplete breech presentation. [foot, fr. A. S. fot, + -ling, dim. suffix]

footplate
footplate, foot-plate (fut′plat)

1. base of stapes. 2. pedicel.

foot-pound
foot-pound (fut′pownd)

Energy expended, or work done, in raising a mass of 1 pound a height of 1 foot vertically against gravitational force.

foot-poundal
foot-poundal (fut′pownd-al)

Energy exerted, or work done, when a force of 1 poundal displaces a body 1 foot in the direction of the force; equal to about 0.01 calorie.

footprinting
footprinting (fut′print-ing)

A method for determining the area of DNA covered by protein binding; accomplished by nuclease digestion of the protein-DNA complex followed by analysis of the region of DNA protected by the interaction with protein.

forage
forage (for-ahzh′)

The operation of cutting a channel by surgical diathermy through an enlarged prostate. [Fr. boring]

foramen
foramen, pl .foramina (fo-ra′men, fo-ram′i-na) [TA]

An aperture or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure. SYN: trema (1) . [L. an aperture, fr. foro, to pierce]
foramina alveolaria corporis maxillae [TA] SYN: alveolar foramina of maxilla.
alveolar foramina of maxilla [TA] openings of the posterior dental canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla. SYN: foramina alveolaria corporis maxillae [TA] .
anterior condyloid f. SYN: hypoglossal canal.
anterior palatine f. SYN: greater palatine f..
aortic f. SYN: aortic hiatus.
apical dental f. SYN: apical f. of tooth.
apical f. of tooth [TA] the opening at the apex of the root of a tooth that gives passage to the nerve and blood vessels. SYN: f. apicis dentis [TA] , apical dental f., root f..
f. apicis dentis [TA] SYN: apical f. of tooth.
arachnoid f. SYN: median aperture of fourth ventricle.
f. of Arnold SYN: f. petrosum.
blind f. of frontal bone SYN: f. cecum of frontal bone.
blind f. of the tongue SYN: f. cecum of tongue.
Bochdalek f. SYN: pleuroperitoneal hiatus.
Botallo f. the orifice of communication between the two atria of the fetal heart. SEE ALSO: f. ovale.
f. caecum medullae oblongatae [TA] a small triangular depression at the lower boundary of the pons between the pyramide that marks the upper limit of the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata. SYN: f. caecum posterius, Vicq d'Azyr f..
carotid f. SYN: openings of carotid canal, under opening.
cecal f. of frontal bone SYN: f. cecum of frontal bone.
cecal f. of the tongue SYN: f. cecum of tongue.
f. cecum of frontal bone [TA] blind or cecal f. of the frontal bone; the blind f. formed immediately anterior to the crista galli by a notch at the lower end of the frontal crest and its articulation with the ethmoid bone. It is insignificant postnatally, but gives passage to vessels during development. SYN: f. cecum ossis frontalis [TA] , blind f. of frontal bone, cecal f. of frontal bone.
f. cecum linguae [TA] SYN: f. cecum of tongue.
f. cecum ossis frontalis [TA] SYN: f. cecum of frontal bone.
f. caecum posterius SYN: f. caecum medullae oblongatae.
f. cecum of tongue [TA] a median pit on the dorsum of the posterior part of the tongue, from which the limbs of a V-shaped furrow run forward and outward; it is the site of origin of the thyroid gland and subsequent thyroglossal duct in the embryo. SYN: f. cecum linguae [TA] , blind f. of the tongue, cecal f. of the tongue, Morgagni f. (1) .
conjugate f. a f. formed by the notches of two bones in apposition.
f. costotransversarium [TA] SYN: costotransverse f..
costotransverse f. [TA] an opening between the neck of a rib and the transverse process of a vertebra, occupied by the costotransverse ligament. SYN: f. costotransversarium [TA] .
cribriform foramina [TA] openings in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, transmitting approximately 20 bundles of nerve fibers that collectively constitute the olfactory nerve (CN I). SYN: foramina cribrosa [TA] , olfactory f..
foramina cribrosa [TA] SYN: cribriform foramina.
f. diaphragmatis sellae SYN: f. of sellar diaphragm.
epiploic f. omental f..
f. epiploicum omental f..
ethmoidal f. [TA] either of two foramina formed in the medial wall of the orbit by grooves on either edge of the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone, and completed by similar grooves on the ethmoid bone: anterior ethmoidal f., located in an anterior position; posterior ethmoidal f. located in a posterior position. SYN: f. ethmoidale (anterior et posterior) [TA] .
f. ethmoidale (anterior et posterior) [TA] SYN: ethmoidal f..
external acoustic f. SYN: external acoustic pore.
external auditory f. SYN: external acoustic pore.
Ferrein f. SYN: hiatus for greater petrosal nerve.
frontal f. an occasional small opening in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone medial to the supraorbital f.. SEE ALSO: frontal notch. SYN: f. frontale.
f. frontale SYN: frontal f..
great f. SYN: f. magnum.
greater palatine f. [TA] an opening in the posterolateral corner of the hard palate opposite the last molar tooth, marking the lower end of the pterygopalatine canal. SYN: f. palatinum majus [TA] , anterior palatine f..
Huschke f. an opening in the floor of the bony part of the external acoustic meatus near the tympanic membrane, normally closed in the adult.
Hyrtl f. SYN: porus crotaphytico-buccinatorius.
incisive f. [TA] one of several (usually four) openings of the incisive canals into the incisive fossa. SYN: f. incisivum [TA] , incisor f., Stensen f..
f. incisivum [TA] SYN: incisive f..
incisor f. SYN: incisive f..
inferior dental f. SYN: mandibular f..
infraorbital f. [TA] the external opening of the infraorbital canal, on the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. SYN: f. infraorbitale [TA] .
f. infraorbitale [TA] SYN: infraorbital f..
interatrial f. primum 1. in the embryonic heart, the temporary opening between right and left atria situated between the lower margin of the septum primum and the atrioventricular canal cushions; 2. in an adult heart, the abnormal persistence of the so-named communication which is normal in young embryos. SYN: f. subseptale, ostium primum, primary interatrial f..
interatrial f. secundum a secondary opening appearing in the upper part of the septum primum in the sixth week of embryonic life, just prior to the closure of the interatrial f. primum. SYN: ostium secundum, secondary interatrial f..
f. intermesocolica transversa
internal acoustic f. SYN: internal acoustic pore.
internal auditory f. SYN: internal acoustic pore.
interventricular f. [TA] the short, often slitlike passage that, on both the left and right side, connects the third brain ventricle (of the diencephalon) with the lateral ventricles (of the cerebral hemispheres); the passage is bounded anteriomedially by the column of fornix and posterolaterally by the anterior pole and anterior tubercle of the dorsal thalamus. SYN: f. interventriculare [TA] , Monro f., porta (2) .
f. interventriculare [TA] SYN: interventricular f..
intervertebral f. [TA] one of a number of openings into the vertebral canal bounded by the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae above and below, the vertebral body (mostly of the superior vertebra) and intervertebral disk anteriorly, and the articular processes forming the zygapophysial joint posteriorly. SYN: f. intervertebrale [TA] .
f. intervertebrale [TA] SYN: intervertebral f..
f. ischiadicum (anterior et posterior) SYN: sciatic f..
f. ischiadicum majus et minor [TA] SYN: sciatic f..
jugular f. [TA] a passage between the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the jugular process of the occipital, sometimes divided into two by the intrajugular processes; it contains the internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves, and meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries. SYN: f. jugulare [TA] , f. lacerum posterius.
f. jugulare [TA] SYN: jugular f..
f. of Key-Retzius SYN: lateral aperture of fourth ventricle.
lacerated f. SYN: f. lacerum.
f. lacerum [TA] an irregular aperture, filled with cartilage (basilar cartilage) in the living, located between the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone, the body of the sphenoid, and the basilar part of the occipital bones. Several structures pass along the margins of the f. in a nearly horizontal direction but no structures pass through vertically. SYN: f. lacerum medium, lacerated f., sphenotic f..
f. lacerum anterius SYN: superior orbital fissure.
f. lacerum medium SYN: f. lacerum.
f. lacerum posterius SYN: jugular f..
Lannelongue foramina SYN: openings of smallest cardiac veins, under opening.
f. lateralis ventriculi quarti SYN: lateral aperture of fourth ventricle.
lesser palatine foramina [TA] openings on the hard palate of palatine canals passing vertically through the tuberosity of the palatine bone and transmitting the smaller palatine nerves and vessels. SYN: foramina palatina minora [TA] , posterior palatine foramina.
f. of Luschka SYN: lateral aperture of fourth ventricle.
f. of Magendie SYN: median aperture of fourth ventricle.
f. magnum [TA] the large opening in the basal part of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord becomes continuous with the medulla oblongata. SYN: great f..
malar f. SYN: zygomaticofacial f..
f. mandibulae [TA] SYN: mandibular f..
mandibular f. [TA] the opening into the mandibular canal on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible giving passage to the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein. SYN: f. mandibulae [TA] , inferior dental f..
mastoid f. [TA] an opening at the posterior portion of the mastoid process, transmitting the mastoid branch of the occipital artery to the dura and an emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus. SYN: f. mastoideum [TA] .
f. mastoideum [TA] SYN: mastoid f..
mental f. [TA] the anterior opening of the mandibular canal on the body of the mandible lateral to and above the mental tubercle giving passage to the mental artery and nerve. SYN: f. mentale [TA] , mental canal.
f. mentale [TA] SYN: mental f..
Monro f. SYN: interventricular f..
Morgagni f. 1. SYN: f. cecum of tongue. 2. congenital defect in the fusion of sternal and costal elements of the diaphragmatic anlage that is the site of a retrosternal hernia.
nasal f. vascular f. opening on the outer surface of each nasal bone.
foramina nervosa [TA] the perforations along the tympanic lip of the spiral lamina giving passage to the cochlear nerves. SYN: habenulae perforatae, zona perforata.
f. nutricium [TA] SYN: nutrient f..
nutrient f. [TA] the external opening for the entrance of blood vessels in a bone. SYN: f. nutricium [TA] .
obturator f. [TA] a large, oval or irregularly triangular aperture in the hip bone, the margins of which are formed by the pubis and the ischium; it is closed in the natural state by the obturator membrane, except for a small opening for the passage of the obturator vessels and nerve. SYN: f. obturatum [TA] .
f. obturatum [TA] SYN: obturator f..
olfactory f. SYN: cribriform foramina.
omental f. [TA] the passage, below and behind the portal hepatis, connecting the two sacs of the peritoneum; it is bounded anteriorly by the hepatoduodenal ligament and posteriorly by a peritoneal fold over the inferior vena cava. SYN: f. omentale [TA] , epiploic f.&star, f. epiploicum&star, aditus ad saccum peritonei minorem, f. of Winslow.
f. omentale [TA] SYN: omental f..
optic f. SYN: optic canal.
f. opticum SYN: optic canal.
oval f. [TA] SYN: f. ovale.
f. ovale 1. [TA] a large oval opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, transmitting the mandibular division of the trigeminal merge and a small meningeal artery; 2. valvular incompetence of the f. ovale of the heart; a condition contrasting with probe patency of the f. ovale in that the valvula foraminis ovalis has abnormal perforations in it, or is of insufficient size to afford adequate valvular action at the f. ovale prenatally, or effect a complete closure postnatally. SYN: oval f. [TA] .
f. ovale cordis [TA] SYN: f. ovale of heart.
f. ovale of heart [TA] in the fetal heart, the oval opening at the free margin of the septum secundum; the persistent part of the septum primum acts as a valve for this interatrial communication during fetal life and normally postnatally becomes fused to the septum secundum to close it. SYN: f. ovale cordis, oval f. of heart.
oval f. of heart SYN: f. ovale of heart.
foramina palatina minora [TA] SYN: lesser palatine foramina.
f. palatinum majus [TA] SYN: greater palatine f..
foramina papillaria renis [TA] SYN: openings of papillary ducts, under opening.
papillary foramina of kidney SYN: openings of papillary ducts, under opening.
parietal f. [TA] an inconstant f. in the parietal bone occasionally found bilaterally near the sagittal margin posteriorly; when present it transmits an emissary vein to the superior sagittal sinus. SYN: f. parietale [TA] .
f. parietale [TA] SYN: parietal f..
petrosal f. SYN: f. petrosum.
f. petrosum [TA] an occasional opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, between the f. spinosum and f. ovale, which transmits the lesser petrosal nerve. SYN: canaliculus innominatus, f. of Arnold, petrosal f..
posterior condyloid f. SYN: condylar canal.
posterior palatine foramina SYN: lesser palatine foramina.
postglenoid f. a small f. that is sometimes present in the temporal bone immediately in front of the external acoustic meatus.
primary interatrial f. SYN: interatrial f. primum.
f. processus transversi SYN: transverse f..
f. quadratum SYN: caval opening of diaphragm.
f. recessus superioris bursae omentalis SYN: f. of superior recess of omental bursa.
f. of Retzius SYN: lateral aperture of fourth ventricle.
root f. SYN: apical f. of tooth.
f. rotundum [TA] an opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, transmitting the maxillary nerve. SYN: round f..
round f. SYN: f. rotundum.
sacral foramina [TA] the openings between the fused sacral vertebrae transmitting the sacral nerves. The anterior sacral foramina transmit anterior (ventral) primary rami of the sacral nerves. The posterior sacral foramina give passage to posterior (dorsal) primary rami of the sacral nerves. The terms “anterior” and “posterior” are awkward with regard to the S1/S2 foramina especially since in the anatomic position the formina lie vertically, superior and inferior, to each other. SYN: f. sacrale, foramina sacralia anterior et posterior.
f. sacrale SYN: sacral foramina.
foramina sacralia anterior et posterior SYN: sacral foramina.
Scarpa foramina two openings in the line of the intermaxillary suture; the anterior f. transmits the left nasopalatine nerve, the posterior the right.
sciatic f. [TA] either of two foramina formed by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments crossing the sciatic notches of the hip bone: greater sciatic f. (f. ischiadicum majus) and lesser sciatic f. (f. ischiadicum minus). SYN: f. ischiadicum majus et minor [TA] , f. ischiadicum (anterior et posterior).
secondary interatrial f. SYN: interatrial f. secundum.
f. of sellar diaphragm a hole in the center of the diaphragm of the sella turcica giving passage to the infundibulum of the hypothalamus. SYN: f. diaphragmatis sellae.
singular f. SYN: f. singulare.
f. singulare [TA] a f. in the internal acoustic meatus, posterior to the cochlear area, that transmits the nerves to the ampulla of the posterior semicircular duct. SYN: singular f..
foramina of the smallest veins of heart SYN: openings of smallest cardiac veins, under opening.
sphenoidal emissary f. [TA] a minute inconstant f. in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, anterior and medial to the f. ovale, transmitting a small emissary vein from the cavernous sinus. SYN: f. venosum [TA] , venous f., Vesalius f..
sphenopalatine f. [TA] the f. formed from the sphenopalatine notch of the palatine bone in articulation with the sphenoid bone; it transmits the sphenopalatine artery and accompanying nerves. SYN: f. sphenopalatinum [TA] .
f. sphenopalatinum [TA] SYN: sphenopalatine f..
sphenotic f. SYN: f. lacerum.
f. spinosum [TA] an opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, anterior to the spine of the sphenoid, transmitting the middle meningeal artery, and the meningeal branch (nervus spinosum) of the mandibular nerve.
Stensen f. SYN: incisive f..
stylomastoid f. [TA] the distal or external opening of the facial canal on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the styloid and mastoid processes; it transmits the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery. SYN: f. stylomastoideum [TA] .
f. stylomastoideum [TA] SYN: stylomastoid f..
f. subseptale SYN: interatrial f. primum.
f. of superior recess of omental bursa a f. produced by two folds of peritoneum, that covering the common/proper hepatic artery on the right and that covering the left gastric artery on the left, which encroach upon and constrict the omental bursa; it forms a communication between the superior recess of the lesser sac which lies above it and the remainder of the omental bursa. SYN: f. recessus superioris bursae omentalis.
supraorbital f. [TA] a f. in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone at the junction of the medial and intermediate thirds. SYN: f. supraorbitale [TA] .
f. supraorbitale [TA] SYN: supraorbital f.. SEE ALSO: supraorbital notch.
thebesian foramina SYN: openings of smallest cardiac veins, under opening.
thyroid f. [TA] an opening occasionally existing in one or both of the plates of the thyroid cartilage. SYN: f. thyroideum [TA] .
f. thyroideum [TA] SYN: thyroid f..
f. transversarium [TA] SYN: transverse f..
transverse f. f. processus transversus. SYN: f. transversarium [TA] , f. of transverse process, f. processus transversi, f. vertebroarteriale, vertebroarterial f..
f. of transverse process SYN: transverse f..
f. of vena cava SYN: caval opening of diaphragm.
vena caval f. SYN: caval opening of diaphragm.
f. venae cavae SYN: caval opening of diaphragm.
foramina of the venae minimae SYN: openings of smallest cardiac veins, under opening.
foramina venarum minimarum cordis SYN: openings of smallest cardiac veins, under opening.
f. venosum [TA] SYN: sphenoidal emissary f..
venous f. SYN: sphenoidal emissary f..
vertebral f. [TA] the f. formed by the union of the vertebral arch with the body; in the articulated vertebral column, the vertebral f. collectively form the vertebral column. SYN: f. vertebrale [TA] .
f. vertebrale [TA] SYN: vertebral f..
vertebroarterial f. SYN: transverse f..
f. vertebroarteriale SYN: transverse f..
Vesalius f. SYN: sphenoidal emissary f..
Vicq d'Azyr f. SYN: f. caecum medullae oblongatae.
Vieussens foramina SYN: openings of smallest cardiac veins, under opening.
Weitbrecht f. an opening in the articular capsule of the shoulder joint, communicating with the subtendinous bursa of the subscapularis muscle.
f. of Winslow SYN: omental f..
zygomaticofacial f. [TA] the opening on the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone below the orbital margin that transmits the zygomaticofacial nerve. SYN: f. zygomaticofaciale [TA] , malar f..
f. zygomaticofaciale [TA] SYN: zygomaticofacial f..
zygomatico-orbital f. [TA] the common opening on the orbital surface of the zygomatic bone of the canals transmitting the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerves; sometimes each of these canals has a separate opening on the orbital surface. SYN: f. zygomatico-orbitale [TA] .
f. zygomatico-orbitale [TA] SYN: zygomatico-orbital f..
zygomaticotemporal f. [TA] the opening, on the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone, of the canal that gives passage to the zygomaticotemporal nerve. SYN: f. zygomaticotemporale [TA] .
f. zygomaticotemporale [TA] SYN: zygomaticotemporal f..

foramina
foramina (fo-ram′i-na)

Plural of foramen.

Foraminifera
Foraminifera (fo-ram-i-nif′er-a, for′a-mi-nif′er-a)

A subclass of Rhizopoda possessing anastomosing pseudopodia; these form a network around the cell which usually develops into a complex calcareous shell; an important component of the ocean bottom and of rockbeds overlying oil deposits. [L. foramen, aperture, + fero, to carry]

foraminiferous
foraminiferous (fo-ram-i-nif′er-us, for′a-mi-nif′er-us)

1. Possessing openings or foramina. 2. Relating to the Foraminifera.

foraminotomy
foraminotomy (for′am-i-not′o-me)

An operation upon an aperture, usually to open it, e.g., surgical enlargement of the intervertebral foramen. [L. foramen, aperture, + G. tome, a cutting]

foraminulum
foraminulum, pl .foraminula (for′a-min′u-lum, u-la)

A very minute foramen. [Mod. L. dim. of foramen]

Forbes
Forbes

Gilbert B., U.S. pediatrician, *1915. See F. disease.

Forbes
Forbes

A.P., 20th century U.S. physician. See F.-Albright syndrome.

force
force (F) (fors)

That which tends to produce motion in a body. [L. fortis, strong]
animal f. muscular power.
chewing f. SYN: f. of mastication.
dynamic f. SYN: energy.
electromotive f. (EMF) the f. (measured in volts) that causes the flow of electricity from one point to another.
G f. inertial f. produced by accelerations or gravity, expressed in gravitational units; one G is equal to the pull of gravity at the earth's surface at sea level and 45° North latitude (32.1725 ft/sec²; 980.621 cm/sec²). SEE ALSO: g.
f. of mastication the motive f. created by the dynamic action of the muscles during the physiologic act of mastication. SYN: biting strength, chewing f., masticatory f..
masticatory f. SYN: f. of mastication.
occlusal f. the result of muscular f. applied on opposing teeth.
psychic f. SYN: psychic energy.
reciprocal forces in dentistry, forces whereby the resistance of one or more teeth is utilized to move one or more opposing teeth.
reserve f. the energy residing in the organism or any of its parts above that required for its normal functioning.
van der Waals forces first postulated by van der Waals in 1873 to explain deviations from ideal gas behavior seen in real gases; the attractive forces between atoms or molecules other than electrostatic (ionic), covalent (sharing of electrons), or hydrogen bonding (sharing a proton); generally ascribed to dipolar and dispersion effects, π-electrons, etc.; these relatively nondescript forces contribute to the mutual attraction of organic molecules.
vital f. vitalism.

force platform
force platform

A device used to measure the strength, symmetry, and latency of compensatory postural movements when visual, vestibular, and somatosensory stimuli are varied.

forceps
forceps (for′seps)

1. An instrument to grasp a structure, for compression or traction. Cf.:clamp. 2. [TA] Bands of white fibers in the brain, major f. and minor f.. [L. a pair of tongs]
Adson f. a small thumb f. with two teeth on one tip and one tooth on the other.
alligator f. a long f. with a small hinged jaw on the end.
Allis f. a straight grasping f. with serrated jaws, used to forcibly grasp or retract tissues or structures.
f. anterior SYN: minor f..
Arruga f. f. for the intracapsular extraction of a cataract.
arterial f. a locking f. with sloping blades for grasping the end of a blood vessel until a ligature is applied.
axis-traction f. obstetrical f. provided with a second handle so attached that traction can be made in the line in which the head must move in the axis of the pelvis.
Barton f. an obstetrical f. with one fixed curved blade and a hinged anterior blade for application to a high transverse head.
bayonet f. f. with offset blades, such as those for use through an otoscope.
bone f. a strong f. used for seizing or removing fragments of bone.
Brown-Adson f. an Adson f. with about 16 delicate teeth on each tip.
bulldog f. a soft-bladed f. for occluding a blood vessel.
bullet f. a f. with thin curved blades with serrated grasping surfaces, for extracting a bullet from tissues.
capsule f. f. used for removing the capsule of the lens in extracapsular extraction of a cataract.
Chamberlen f. the original obstetrical f., without a curvature.
clamp f. a f. with pronged jaws designed to engage the jaws of a rubber dam clamp so that they may be separated to pass over the widest buccolingual contour of a tooth. SYN: rubber dam clamp f..
clip f. a small f. with spring catch to occlude the end of a bleeding vessel.
cup biopsy f. a slender flexible f. with movable cup-shaped jaws, used to obtain biopsy specimens by introduction through a specially designed endoscope.
cutting f. SYN: labitome.
DeBakey f. nontraumatic f. used to pick up blood vessels; also known as “magics.” SYN: magic f..
dental f. f. used to luxate teeth and remove them from the alveolus. SYN: extracting f..
dressing f. a thumb f. for general use in dressing wounds, removing fragments of necrotic tissue, small foreign bodies, etc.
extracting f. SYN: dental f..
frontal f. minor f..
f. frontalis minor f..
Graefe f. a small thumb f. with one horizontal row of six or eight delicate teeth across each tip.
hemostatic f. a f. with a catch for locking the blades, used for seizing the end of a blood vessel to control hemorrhage.
jeweller f. a small thumb f. with very fine pointed blades, used to grasp tissues in microsurgical procedures.
Kjelland f. an obstetrical f. having a sliding lock, and little pelvic curve.
Lahey f. thyroid f. used to deliver the uterus in vaginohysterectomy.
Laplace f. a f. for approximating intestines during surgical anastomosis.
Levret f. a modification of the Chamberlen f., curved to correspond to the curve of the parturient passage.
lion-jaw bone-holding f. a sturdy f. with strong sharp teeth in the jaws, used for holding bone fragments.
Löwenberg f. f. with short curved blades ending in rounded grasping extremities devised for the removal of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx.
magic f. SYN: DeBakey f..
Magill f. a bent blunt f. used to facilitate nasotracheal intubation.
f. major [TA] SYN: major f..
major f. [TA] occipital radiation of the corpus callosum; that part of the fiber radiation of the corpus callosum which bends sharply backward into the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. SYN: f. major [TA] , occipital f.&star, f. occipitalis, f. posterior, occipital part of corpus callosum, pars occipitalis corporis callosi.
f. minor [TA] SYN: minor f..
minor f. [TA] frontal radiation of the corpus callosum; that part of the fiber radiation of the corpus callosum which bends forward toward the frontal pole of the cerebrum. SYN: f. minor [TA] , f. frontalis&star, frontal f.&star, f. anterior, frontal part of corpus callosum, pars frontalis corporis callosi.
mosquito f. SYN: mosquito clamp.
mouse-tooth f. a f. with one or two fine points at the tip of each blade, fitting into hollows between the points on the opposite blade.
needle f. SYN: needle-holder.
nonfenestrated f. obstetrical f. without openings in the blades, thus facilitating rotation of the head.
obstetrical f. f. used for grasping and applying traction to or for rotation of the fetal head; the blades are introduced separately into the genital canal, permitting the fetal head to be grasped firmly but with minimal compression, and then are articulated after being placed in correct position.
occipital f. major f..
f. occipitalis SYN: major f..
O'Hara f. two slender clamp f. held together by a serrefine, once used in intestinal anastomosis; now obsolete.
Piper f. obstetrical f. used to facilitate delivery of the head in breech presentation.
f. posterior SYN: major f..
Randall stone f. a f. with variably curved slender blades and serrated jaws, used to extract calculi from the renal pelvis or calices.
rubber dam clamp f. SYN: clamp f..
Simpson f. an obstetrical f..
speculum f. a tubular f. for use through a speculum.
Tarnier f. a type of axis-traction f..
tenaculum f. a f. with jaws armed each with a sharp, straight hook like a tenaculum.
thumb f. a spring f. used by compression with thumb and forefinger.
tubular f. a long slender f. intended for use through a cannula or other tubular instrument.
Tucker-McLean f. a type of axis-traction f..
tying f. an instrument with flat, smooth tips used in ophthalmic surgery, particularly for tying sutures.
vulsella f., vulsellum f. a f. with hooks at the tip of each blade. SYN: volsella, vulsella, vulsellum.
Willett f. obsolete term for a traction f. used to treat placenta previa by pulling the fetal head down against the placenta.

Forchheimer
Forchheimer

Frederick, U.S. physician, 1853–1913. See F. sign.

forcipate
forcipate (for′si-pat)

Shaped like a forceps.

forcipressure
forcipressure (for′si-presh-ur)

A method of arresting hemorrhage by compressing a blood vessel with forceps.

Fordyce
Fordyce

John A., U.S. dermatologist, 1858–1925. See F. angiokeratoma, F. disease, F. granules, under granule, F. spots, under spot, Fox-F. disease.

forearm
forearm (for′arm) [TA]

The segment of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. SYN: antebrachium [TA] .

forebrain
forebrain (for′bran)

prosencephalon.

foreconscious
foreconscious (for′kon-shus)

Denoting memories, not at present in the consciousness, which can be evoked from time to time, or an unconscious mental process which becomes conscious only on the fulfillment of certain conditions. Cf.:preconscious.

forefinger
forefinger (for′fing′ger)

SYN: index finger.

foregut
foregut (for′gut)

The cephalic portion of the primitive digestive tube in the embryo. From its endoderm arises the epithelial lining of the pharynx, trachea, lungs, esophagus, and stomach, the first part and cranial half of the second part of the duodenum, and the parenchyma of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. SYN: headgut.

forehead
forehead (for′ed, for′hed) [TA]

The part of the face between the eyebrows and the hairy scalp. SYN: frons [TA] , sinciput&star, brow (2) .
olympian f. the abnormally prominent, high, and broad f. in hereditary syphilis.

forekidney
forekidney (for′kid-ne)

SYN: pronephros.

Forel
Forel

Auguste H., Swiss neurologist, 1848–1931. See F. decussation, fields of F., under field, tegmental fields of F., under field.

forelock
forelock (fo′lok)

The lock of hair that grows just above the forehead.
white f. a triangular or diamond-shaped depigmented macule with white hairs, usually located in the anterior midline of the scalp, seen in piebaldism.

foremilk
foremilk (for′milk)

SYN: colostrum.

forensic
forensic (fo-ren′sik)

Pertaining or applicable to personal injury, murder, and other legal proceedings. [L. forensis, of a forum]

foreplay
foreplay (for′pla)

Stimulative sexual activity preceding sexual intercourse.

forepleasure
forepleasure (for′plezh′er, pla′zher)

Sexual pleasure resulting from the foreplay that precedes the genital-orgastic pleasure in sexual intercourse.

foreskin
foreskin (for′skin)

prepuce.
f. of penis [TA] SYN: prepuce of penis.

Forestier
Forestier

Jacques, French rheumatologist, 1890–1978. See F. disease.

forestomach
forestomach (for′stum′uk)

SYN: cardiac antrum.

forewaters
forewaters (for′wah-terz)

Colloquialism for the bulging fluid-filled amniotic membrane presenting in front of the fetal head.

forgetting
forgetting

Being unable to retrieve or recall information that was once registered, learned, and stored in short- or long-term memory.

fork
fork (fork)

1. A pronged instrument used for holding or lifting. 2. An instrument resembling a f. in that it has tines or prongs.
bite f. SYN: face-bow f..
face-bow f. that part of the face-bow assemblage used to attach the maxillary trial base to the face-bow proper. SYN: bite f..
tuning f. a steel or magnesium-alloy instrument roughly resembling a two-pronged f., the vibrations of the prongs of which, when struck, produce a pure tone and overtones; used to test the hearing and vibratory sensation.

form
form (form)

Shape; mold. [L. forma]
accolé forms (ak-ola′) SYN: appliqué forms.
appliqué forms (ap-li-ka′) a term applied to the manner in which the ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum parasitizes the marginal portion of erythrocytes. SYN: accolé forms.
arch f. the shape and contour of the dental arch, or of an orthodontic wire formed to the shape of that arch.
boat f. the less stable of two conformations assumed by 6-membered cyclic sugars (pyranoses) or cyclohexane derivatives, as opposed to chair f.. SEE ALSO: Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
cavity preparation f. the configuration or shape of a cavity preparation.
chair f. the more stable of two conformations assumed by 6-membered cyclic sugars ( e.g., the pyranoses) or cyclohexane derivatives, as opposed to boat f.. SEE ALSO: Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
convenience f. the changes needed outside the basic outline f. to enable proper instrumentation for the cavity preparation and insertion of a dental restoration.
extension f. the extension of the cavity preparation outline f. to include areas of incipient carious lesions; this extension provides a dental restoration with margins that are self-cleansing or easily cleaned.
face f. 1. the outline f. of the face; 2. the outline f. of the face from an anterior view.
half-chair f. Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
involution f. an irregular or atypical bacterial cell produced as a result of exposure to unfavorable conditions.
L f. L-phase variants, under variant.
occlusal f. the f. of the occlusal surface of a tooth or a row of teeth. SYN: occlusal pattern.
outline f. the shape of the area of the tooth surface included within the cavosurface margins of the cavity preparation of a dental restoration.
posterior tooth f. the distinguishing contours of the occlusal surface of the various posterior teeth.
replicative f. (RF) 1. an intermediate stage in the replication of either DNA or RNA viral genomes that is usually double-stranded; 2. the altered, double-stranded f. to which single-stranded coliphage DNA is converted after infection of a susceptible bacterium, formation of the complementary (“minus”) strand being mediated by enzymes that were present in the bacterium before entrance of the viral (“plus”) strand.
resistance f. the shape given to a cavity preparation that enables the dental restoration to withstand masticatory forces.
retention f. the shape of a cavity preparation that prevents displacement of the dental restoration by lateral or tipping forces as well as masticatory forces.
sickle f. SYN: malarial crescent.
skew f. Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
tooth f. the characteristics of the curves, lines, angles, and contours of various teeth which permit their identification and differentiation.
twist f. Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars.
wave f. See waveform. SYN: waveshape.
wax f. SYN: wax pattern.

-form -form

In the form, shape of; equivalent to -oid. See morpho-. [L. -formis]

Formad
Formad

Henry, U.S. physician, 1847–1892. See F. kidney.

formaldehyde
formaldehyde (for-mal′de-hid)

A pungent gas, HCHO; used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and histologic fixative. SYN: formic aldehyde, methyl aldehyde. [form(ic) + aldehyde]
active f. 1. a hydroxymethyl derivative of tetrahydrofolate or thiamin pyrophosphate; 2. N⁵,N¹⁰-methylenetetrahydrofolate.

formalin
formalin (for′ma-lin)

A 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. SYN: formol.

formalinize
formalinize (for-ma-li-niz)

To add formalin solution to inactivate vaccines without destroying their immunizing power.

formamidase
formamidase (for-mam′i-das)

An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of n-formyl-l-kynurenine to l-kynurenine and formate, a reaction of significance in l-tryptophan catabolism. SYN: formylase, kynurenine f..

5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboximide ribotide
5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboximide ribotide

An intermediate in purine biosynthesis.

formant
formant (for′mant)

Tones and their overtones resulting from the production of vowel phonemes.

formate
formate (for′mat)

A salt or ester of formic acid; i.e., the monovalent radical HCOO– or the anion HCOO⁻.
active f. N¹⁰-formyltetrahydrofolate or an equivalent oxidation product of tetrahydrofolate.

formatio
formatio, pl .formationes (for-ma′she-o, -o′nez) [TA]

1. SYN: formation. 2. A structure of definite shape or cellular arrangement. [L. fr. formo, pp. -atus, to form]
f. hippocampalis hippocampal formation. See hippocampus.
f. reticularis [TA] SYN: reticular formation.

formation
formation (for-ma′shun) [TA]

1. A f.; a structure of definite shape or cellular arrangement. 2. That which is formed. 3. The act of giving form and shape. SYN: formatio (1) [TA] .
concept f. in psychology, the learning to conceive and respond in terms of abstract ideas based upon an action or object.
personality f. the life history associated with the development of individual patterns and of one's individuality.
reaction f. in psychoanalysis, a postulated defense mechanism in which attitudes and behaviors that are adopted are the opposites of that which the individual would ordinarily be expected to express and actually feel at an unconscious level.
reticular f. (RF) a massive but vaguely delimited neural apparatus composed of closely intermingled gray and white matter and extending throughout the central core of the brainstem and into the diencephalon; the term refers to the large neuronal population of the brainstem that does not compose motoneuronal cell groups or cell groups forming part of specific sensory conduction systems; its neurons generally have long dendrites and heterogeneous afferent connections, the reason why the f. is often called “nonspecific”; the reticular f. has complex, largely polysynaptic ascending and descending connections that play a role in the central control of autonomic (respiration, blood pressure, thermoregulation, etc.) and endocrine functions, as well as in bodily posture, skeletomuscular reflex activity, and general behavioral states such as alertness and sleep. SYN: formatio reticularis [TA] , reticular substance (2) , substantia reticularis (2) .
rouleaux f. the arrangement of red blood cells in fluid blood (or in diluted suspensions) with their biconcave surfaces in apposition, thereby forming groups that resemble stacks of coins. SYN: pseudoagglutination (2) . [Fr. pl. of rouleau, a roll]
symptom f. SYN: symptom substitution.

formationes
formationes (for-ma′she-o′nez)

Plural of formatio.

formazan
formazan (for′ma-zan)

A water-insoluble colored compound of the general structure, RNH—N&dbond;CR′—N&dbond;NR&dprime;, formed by reduction of a tetrazolium salt in the histochemical demonstration of oxidative enzymes; the R's are usually phenyl groups; examples include neotetrazolium, blue tetrazolium, and nitro blue tetrazolium.

formboard
formboard (form′bord)

A board containing cut-outs in various shapes, into which blocks of corresponding shape are to be fitted; a neuropsychological test of which the Tactual Performance Test of the Halstead-Reitan Battery is an example. See Halstead-Reitan battery.

forme fruste
forme fruste, pl .formes frustes (form′ froost′)

A partial, arrested, or inapparent form of disease. [Fr. unfinished form]

formic
formic (for′mik)

1. Pertaining to f. acid. 2. Relating to ants. [L. formica, ant]

formic acid
formic acid

HCOOH;the smallest carboxylic acid; a strong caustic, used as an astringent and counterirritant.

formic aldehyde
formic aldehyde

SYN: formaldehyde.

formication
formication (for-mi-ka′shun)

A form of paresthesia or tactile hallucination; a sensation as if small insects are creeping under the skin. [L. formica, ant]

formiminoglutamic acid
formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) (for-mim′i-no-gloo-tam′ik)

An intermediate metabolite in l-histidine catabolism in the conversion of l-histidine to l-glutamic acid, with the formimino group being transferred to tetrahydrofolate; it may appear in the urine of patients with folic acid or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, or liver disease.

formin
formin (for′min)

A family of proteins that participates in cell polarization, cytokinesis, and vertebrate limb formation. [L. forma, form, + -in]

formocresol
formocresol (for-mo-kre′sol)

An aqueous solution containing cresol, formaldehyde, and glycerine, used in vital primary teeth needing coronal pulpotomy.

formol
formol (for′mol)

SYN: formalin.

formosulfathiazole
formosulfathiazole (for′mo-sul-fa-thi′a-zol)

An antimicrobial agent for treatment of intestinal infections.

formula
formula, pl .formulasformulae (for′mu-la, -laz, -le)

1. A recipe or prescription containing directions for the compounding of a medicinal preparation. 2. In chemistry, a symbol or collection of symbols expressing the number of atoms of the element or elements forming one molecule of a substance, together with, on occasion, information concerning the arrangement of the atoms within the molecule, their electronic structure, their charge, the nature of the bonds within the molecule, etc. 3. An expression by symbols and numbers of the normal order or arrangement of parts or structures. 4. A mathematic relationship or principle, typically provided via an equation. [L. dim. of forma, form]
Arneth f. the normal, approximate ratio of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, based on the number of lobes in the nuclei, as follows: 1 lobe, 5%; 2 lobes, 35%; 3 lobes, 41%; 4 lobes, 17%; 5 lobes, 2%.
Bazett f. a f. for correcting the observed QT interval in the electrocardiogram for cardiac rate (R-R interval): corrected QT = Q-T sec/√RR sec.
Bernhardt f. a f. used to calculate the ideal weight, in kilograms, for an adult; it is the height in centimeters times the chest circumference in centimeters divided by 240.
Black f. a translation of Pignet f. into British measurements: F = (W + C) − H; F is the empirical factor, W is the weight in pounds, C the chest girth in inches at full inspiration, and H the height in inches; a man is classed as very strong when F is over 120, strong between 110 and 120, good 100 to 110, fair 90 to 100, weak 80 to 90, very weak under 80.
Broca f. a fully developed man (30 years old) should weigh as many kilograms as he is centimeters in height over and above 1 meter.
chemical f. a statement of the structure of a molecule expressed in chemical symbols.
Christison f. SYN: Häser f..
constitutional f. SYN: structural f..
Demoivre f. an obsolete f. for calculating life expectancy.
dental f. a statement in tabular form of the number of each kind of teeth in the jaw; the dental f. for man is, for the deciduous teeth: for the permanent teeth:
Dreyer f. an obsolete f. indicating relationship between vital capacity and body surface area.
DuBois f. a f. for predicting a man's surface area from weight and height: A = 71.84W^0.425 H^0.725, where A = surface area in cm², W = weight in kg, and H = height in cm.
electrical f. a graphic representation by means of symbols of the reaction of a muscle to an electrical stimulus.
empirical f. in chemistry, a f. indicating the kind and number of atoms in the molecules of a substance, or its composition, but not the relation of the atoms to each other or the intimate structure of the molecule. SYN: molecular f..
Fischer projection formulas See Fischer projection formulas of sugars.
Flesch f. a method of determining the difficulty of a written passage by a formulation that provides an estimate of how many people in the U.S. would be able to read and understand the passage; used in determining patient comprehension of hospital consent forms.
Florschütz f. the correct relation of height to the abdominal circumference: L : (2B − L), L representing the individual's height, and B the circumference of the abdomen; the normal value so determined would be 5, and any below that would indicate obesity.
Gorlin f. a f. for calculating the area of the orifice of a cardiac valve, based on flow across the valve and the mean pressures in the chambers on either side of the valve.
graphic f. SYN: structural f..
Hamilton-Stewart f. SYN: Hamilton-Stewart method.
Häser f. a f. to determine the number of grams of urinary solids per liter, obtained by multiplying 2.33 by the last two figures of the specific gravity of the urine. SYN: Christison f., Trapp f., Trapp-Häser f..
Haworth perspective and conformational formulas See Haworth perspective formulas of cyclic sugars.
Jellinek f. a method of estimating the prevalence of alcoholism in a nation's population, based on the assumption that a predictable proportion of persons addicted to alcohol die of cirrhosis of the liver.
Ledermann f. a f. to calculate alcohol dependancy levels. Ledermann showed empirically that the distribution of alcohol consumption in a population is log normal; the f. used this observation to estimate the prevalence of various degrees of alcohol dependency. Some questions have been raised about the validity of Ledermann observations.
Long f. a f. for estimating from the specific gravity of a specimen of urine the approximate amount of solids in grams per liter; the last two figures of the value for specific gravity are multiplied by 2.6. SYN: Long coefficient.
Mall f. a f. for determining the age (in days) of a human embryo; calculated as the square root of its length (measured from vertex to breech) in millimeters multiplied by 100.
Meeh f. SYN: Meeh-Dubois f..
Meeh-Dubois f. a f. for predicting surface area, assuming that it is proportional to the 23 power of the body weight. SYN: Meeh f..
molecular f. SYN: empirical f..
official f. a f. contained in the Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary.
Pignet f. Black f..
Poisson-Pearson f. a f. to determine the statistical error in calculating the endemic index of malaria: let N = total number of children under 15 years in a locality; n = total number examined for the spleen-rate; x = number found with enlarged spleen; (x/n)100 = spleen-rate; e% = percentage of error; the percentage error will be, by this f.:
Ranke f. A = grams of albumin per liter of a serous fluid: then, A = (sp. gr. − 1000) × 0.52 − 5.406.
rational f. in chemistry, a f. that indicates the constitution as well as the composition of a substance.
Reuss f. a means of estimating the approximate amount of albumin in a transudate or exudate; 38 (sp. gr. - 1.000) − 2.8 results in a value that is a practicable indication of the percentage of albumin in the fluid.
Runeberg f. a f. for estimating the percentage of albumin in a serous fluid, similar to Reuss f. except that, instead of 2.8, 2.73 is subtracted in the instance of a transudate, and 2.88 in that of an inflammatory exudate.
spatial f. SYN: stereochemical f..
stereochemical f. a chemical f. in which the arrangement of the atoms or atomic groupings in space are indicated. SYN: spatial f..
structural f. a f. in which the connections of the atoms and groups of atoms, as well as their kind and number, are indicated. SYN: constitutional f., graphic f..
Toronto f. for pulmonary artery banding a technique that provides a general guide for the size of the band relative to the patient's weight.
Trapp f. SYN: Häser f..
Trapp-Häser f. SYN: Häser f..
Van Slyke f. SYN: standard urea clearance.
vertebral f. a f. indicating the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spinal column; for humans it is C. 7, T. 12, L. 5, S. 5, Co. 4 = 33, the letters standing for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

formulary
formulary (for′mu-la-re)

A collection of formulas for the compounding of medicinal preparations. See National F., Pharmacopeia.
hospital f. a continually revised compilation of approved pharmaceuticals, plus important ancillary information, that reflects the current clinical judgment of the institution's medical staff.

formyl
formyl (f) (for′mil)

The radical, HCO–.
active f. the f. group taking part in transformylation reactions with a folic acid derivative in the role of carrier.
f.-methionyl-tRNA SYN: initiation tRNA.

formylase
formylase (for′mi-las)

SYN: formamidase.

formylmethionyl-tRNA
formylmethionyl-tRNA

Initiation tRNA in certain organisms.

Forney
Forney

William R., U.S. pediatrician, *1931.

fornicate
fornicate (for′ni-kat)

1. Vaulted or arched; resembling a fornix. [L. fornicatus, arched, fr. fornix, vault, arch] 2. To have sexual intercourse. [see fornication]

fornication
fornication (for-ni-ka′shun)

Sexual intercourse, especially between unmarried partners. [L. fornicatio, an arched or vaulted basement (brothel)]

fornices
fornices (for′ni-sez)

Plural of fornix.

fornix
fornix, gen. fornicis, pl .fornices (for′niks, -ni-sis, -ni-sez) [TA]

1. [TA] In general, an arch-shaped structure; often the arch-shaped roof (or roof portion) of an anatomic space. 2. [TA] The compact, white fiber bundle by which the hippocampus of each cerebral hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the septum, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and mamillary body. Arising from pyramidal cells of Ammon horn, the fibers of the f. form the alveus hippocampi and the fimbria hippocampi, and in their further course compose, sequentially, the commissure of the f. [TA], also called the hippocampal commissure [TA] (commissura hippocampi [TA]), the crus of f. [TA] (crus fornicis [TA]), the body of f. [TA] (corpus fornicis [TA]), and the column of f. [TA] (columna fornicis [TA]), which divides into a smaller portion of precommissural fibers [TA] that pass anterior to the anterior commissure to the septal area and a larger portion of postcommissural fibers [TA] that pass posterior to the anterior commissure to end mainly in the mammillary nuclei and to a lesser extent in the anterior thalamic nucleus. SYN: trigonum cerebrale. SYN: cerebral trigone. [L. arch, vault]
f. conjunctivae SYN: conjunctival f..
conjunctival f. [TA] the space formed by the junction of the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva, that of the upper lid being the superior conjunctival f. and that of the lower lid, the inferior conjunctival f.. SYN: conjunctival cul-de-sac, f. conjunctivae, retrotarsal fold.
f. gastricus [TA] SYN: f. of stomach.
f. of lacrimal sac [TA] f. of the lacrimal sac; the upper, blind end of the lacrimal sac that extends above the openings of the lacrimal canaliculi. SYN: f. sacci lacrimalis [TA] .
pharyngeal f. SYN: vault of pharynx.
f. pharyngis [TA] SYN: vault of pharynx.
f. sacci lacrimalis [TA] SYN: f. of lacrimal sac.
f. of stomach [TA] formerly considered to be a synonym of the official Nomina Anatomica term “fundus of stomach” (used more commonly than fundus in radiology), Terminologia Anatomica lists f. and fundus of stomach separately, considering that all stomachs have a fundus, being the uppermost portion of the body of the stomach, the mucosa of which includes the greatest density of fundic cells; f. is now reserved for the domed or pocket-like portion of the stomach that lies superior to and to the left of the cardial orifice, in which, in the upright position, gas is often contained. SYN: f. gastricus [TA] .
transverse f. SYN: commissura fornicis.
f. uteri SYN: vaginal f..
f. vaginae [TA] SYN: vaginal f..
vaginal f. [TA] the recess at the vault of the vagina; it is divided into an anterior part, posterior part, and lateral part with respect to its relation to the cervix of the uterus. The posterior part is clinically significant as the site for culdocentesis and culdoscopy. The proximity of the ureter (below) and the uterine artery (above) adjacent to the lateral f. is important clinically. SYN: f. vaginae [TA] , f. uteri.

forskolin
forskolin (for′sko-lin)

A phorbol ester that binds to and activates protein kinase C, thus mimicking the actions of diacylglycerol. [fr. Coleus forskohlii, taxonomic name of botanical source]

Forssman
Forssman

John, Swedish bacteriologist and pathologist, 1868–1947. See F. antibody, F. antigen, F. reaction, F. antigen-antibody reaction.

Forssman
Forssman

Hans, Swedish physician, *1912. See Börjeson-F.-Lehmann syndrome.

Förster
Förster

Richard, German ophthalmologist, 1825–1902. See F. uveitis.

foscarnet
foscarnet (fos-kar′net)

A pyrophosphate analog antiviral drug.

Fosdick
Fosdick

Leonard S., U.S. chemist, 1903–1969. See F.-Hansen-Epple test.

Foshay
Foshay

Lee, U.S. bacteriologist, 1896–1961. See F. test.

fossa
fossa, gen. and pl. fossae (fos′a, fos′e) [TA]

A depression usually more or less longitudinal in shape below the level of the surface of a part. [L. a trench or ditch]
acetabular f. [TA] a depressed area in the floor of the acetabulum superior to the acetabular notch. SYN: f. acetabuli [TA] .
f. acetabuli [TA] SYN: acetabular f..
adipose fossae subcutaneous spaces containing accumulations of fat in the breast.
amygdaloid f. SYN: tonsillar f..
anconal f. SYN: olecranon f..
anterior cranial f. [TA] the portion of the internal base of the skull, anterior to the sphenoidal ridges and limbus, in which the frontal lobes of the brain rest. SYN: f. cranii anterior [TA] , anterior cranial base.
f. anthelicis SYN: f. antihelica.
f. of anthelix SYN: f. antihelica.
f. antihelica [TA] the depression on the medial surface of the auricle that corresponds to the anthelix. SYN: f. anthelicis, f. of anthelix, periconchal sulcus.
articular f. of temporal bone SYN: mandibular f..
f. axillaris SYN: axilla.
axillary f. SYN: axilla.
Bichat f. SYN: pterygopalatine f..
Biesiadecki f. SYN: iliacosubfascial f..
Broesike f. SYN: parajejunal f..
f. canina [TA] SYN: canine f..
canine f. [TA] a depression on the anterior surface of the maxilla below the infraorbital foramen and on the lateral side of the canine eminence. SYN: f. canina [TA] .
f. carotica SYN: carotid triangle.
cerebellar f. [TA] the large concave impressions on the inner surface of the occipital bone on either side of the foramen magnum and internal occipital crest, housing the cerebellar hemispheres; a part of the posterior cranial f.. SYN: f. cerebellaris [TA] .
f. cerebellaris [TA] SYN: cerebellar f..
Claudius f. SYN: ovarian f..
condylar f. [TA] a depression behind the condyle of the occipital bone in which the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas lies in extension. SYN: f. condylaris [TA] .
f. condylaris [TA] SYN: condylar f..
f. coronoidea humeri [TA] SYN: coronoid f. of humerus.
coronoid f. of humerus [TA] a hollow on the anterior surface of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the coronoid process of the ulna rests when the elbow is flexed. SYN: f. coronoidea humeri [TA] .
f. cranii anterior [TA] SYN: anterior cranial f..
f. cranii media [TA] SYN: middle cranial f..
f. cranii posterior [TA] SYN: posterior cranial f..
crural f. SYN: femoral f..
Cruveilhier f. SYN: scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone.
cubital f. [TA] the f. in front of the elbow, bounded laterally and medially by the humeral origins of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, respectively, and superiorly by an imaginary line connecting the humeral condyles. SYN: f. cubitalis [TA] , antecubital space, chelidon, triangle of elbow.
f. cubitalis [TA] SYN: cubital f..
digastric f. [TA] a hollow on the posterior surface of the base of the mandible, on either side of the median plane, giving attachment to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. SYN: f. digastrica [TA] .
f. digastrica [TA] SYN: digastric f..
digital f. 1. SYN: trochanteric f.. 2. SYN: f. of lateral malleolus.
f. ductus venosi SYN: f. of ductus venosus.
f. of ductus venosus a wide groove located posteriorly on the undersurface of the fetal liver between the caudate and left lobes; it lodges the ductus venosus and becomes the fissure of the ligamentum venosum in the adult. SYN: f. ductus venosi.
duodenal fossae inferior duodenal f., superior duodenal f..
duodenojejunal f. SYN: superior duodenal f..
epigastric f. [TA] the slight depression in the midline just inferior to the xiphoid process of the sternum. (TA lists this term as synonymous with epigastric region). SYN: f. epigastrica [TA] , pit of stomach, scrobiculus cordis.
f. epigastrica [TA] SYN: epigastric f..
femoral f. a depression on the peritoneal surface of the abdominal wall, inferior to the inguinal ligament, corresponding to the situation of the femoral ring. SYN: crural f., fovea femoralis.
floccular f. SYN: subarcuate f..
gallbladder f. SYN: f. for gallbladder.
f. for gallbladder [TA] a depression on the visceral surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate and the right lobes, lodging the gallbladder. SYN: f. vesicae biliaris [TA] , f. vesicae felleae&star, gallbladder f..
Gerdy hyoid f. SYN: carotid triangle.
f. glandulae lacrimalis [TA] SYN: f. for lacrimal gland.
glenoid f. 1. SYN: glenoid cavity of scapula. 2. SYN: mandibular f..
greater supraclavicular f. [TA] formerly considered a synonym for omoclavicular triangle (a subdivision of the posterior triangle of the neck); Terminologica Anatomica reserves this term for the surface feature that overlies the omoclavicular triangle: a depressed area above the middle of the clavicle, lateral to the sternocleidomastoid. SYN: f. supraclavicularis major [TA] .
Gruber-Landzert f. SYN: inferior duodenal f..
f. of helix SYN: scapha (1) .
hyaloid f. [TA] a depression on the anterior surface of the vitreous body in which lies the lens. SYN: f. hyaloidea [TA] , lenticular f., patellar f. of vitreous.
f. hyaloidea [TA] SYN: hyaloid f..
hypophysial f. [TA] f. of the sphenoid bone housing the pituitary gland. SEE ALSO: sella turcica. SYN: f. hypophysialis [TA] , pituitary f..
f. hypophysialis [TA] SYN: hypophysial f..
iliac f. [TA] the smooth inner surface of the ilium above the arcuate line, giving attachment to the iliacus muscle. SYN: f. iliaca [TA] .
f. iliaca [TA] SYN: iliac f..
iliacosubfascial f. a peritoneal recess between the psoas muscle and the crest of the ilium. SYN: Biesiadecki f., f. iliacosubfascialis.
f. iliacosubfascialis SYN: iliacosubfascial f..
iliopectineal f. a hollow between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles in the center of the femoral triangle, lodging the femoral vessels and nerve.
f. incisiva [TA] SYN: incisive f..
incisive f. [TA] the depression in the midline of the bony palate behind the central incisors into which the incisive canals open. SYN: f. incisiva [TA] .
incudal f. SYN: f. of incus.
f. incudis SYN: f. of incus.
f. of incus [TA] a small depression in the lower and posterior part of the epitympanic recess that lodges the short limb of the incus. SYN: f. incudis, incudal f..
inferior duodenal f. [TA] the variable peritoneal recess which lies behind the inferior duodenal fold and along the ascending part of the duodenum. SYN: recessus duodenalis inferior [TA] , Gruber-Landzert f., inferior duodenal recess.
infraclavicular f. [TA] a triangular depression bounded by the clavicle and the adjacent borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. SYN: f. infraclavicularis [TA] , deltoideopectoral trigone, infraclavicular triangle, Mohrenheim f., Mohrenheim space, regio infraclavicularis.
f. infraclavicularis [TA] SYN: infraclavicular f..
infraduodenal f. SYN: retroduodenal recess.
f. infraspinata [TA] SYN: infraspinous f..
infraspinous f. [TA] the hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula inferior to the spine, giving attachment chiefly to the infraspinatus muscle. SYN: f. infraspinata [TA] .
infratemporal f. [TA] the cavity on the side of the skull bounded laterally by the zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible, medially by the lateral pterygoid plate, anteriorly by the zygomatic process of the maxilla and infratemporal surface of the maxilla, posteriorly by the tympanic plate and styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone, and superiorly by the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. SYN: f. infratemporalis [TA] , zygomatic f..
f. infratemporalis [TA] SYN: infratemporal f..
inguinal f. lateral inguinal f., medial inguinal f..
f. inguinalis lateralis [TA] SYN: lateral inguinal f..
f. inguinalis medialis [TA] SYN: medial inguinal f..
f. innominata SYN: innominate f..
innominate f. a shallow depression between the false vocal cord and the aryepiglottic fold on either side. SYN: f. innominata.
intercondylar f. [TA] the deep f. between the femoral condyles in which the cruciate ligaments are attached. SYN: f. intercondylaris [TA] , intercondyloid f. (2) , intercondylic f., intercondyloid notch, popliteal notch.
f. intercondylaris [TA] SYN: intercondylar f..
intercondyloid f., intercondylic f. 1. See area intercondylaris anterior tibiae, area intercondylaris posterior tibiae. 2. SYN: intercondylar f..
f. intermesocolica transversa SYN: transverse intermesocolic f..
interpeduncular f. [TA] deep depression on the inferior surface of the mesencephalon, between the crura cerebri, the floor of which is formed by the posterior perforated substance. See interpeduncular cistern. SYN: f. interpeduncularis [TA] .
f. interpeduncularis [TA] SYN: interpeduncular f..
intrabulbar f. the dilated commencement of the spongy part of the male urethra lying within the bulb of the penis.
ischioanal f. [TA] a wedge-shaped space with its base toward the perineum and lying between the tuberosity of the ischium and the obturator internus muscle laterally and the external anal sphincter and the levator ani muscle medially. SYN: f. ischioanalis [TA] , f. ischiorectalis, ischiorectal f., Velpeau f..
f. ischioanalis [TA] SYN: ischioanal f..
ischiorectal f. SYN: ischioanal f..
f. ischiorectalis SYN: ischioanal f..
Jobert de Lamballe f. the hollow just above the knee formed by the adductor magnus and the sartorius and gracilis.
Jonnesco f. SYN: superior duodenal f..
jugular f. [TA] an oval depression near the posterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, medial to the styloid process, in which lies the beginning of the internal jugular vein (jugular bulb); SYN: f. jugularis [TA] .
f. jugularis [TA] SYN: jugular f..
lacrimal f. f. for lacrimal gland.
f. for lacrimal gland [TA] a hollow in the orbital plate of the frontal bone, formed by the overhanging margin and zygomatic process, lodging the lacrimal gland. SYN: f. glandulae lacrimalis [TA] , lacrimal f.&star.
f. for lacrimal sac [TA] a f. formed by the lacrimal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla, lodging the lacrimal sac. SYN: f. sacci lacrimalis [TA] .
Landzert f. a f. formed by two peritoneal folds, enclosing the left colic artery and the inferior mesenteric vein, respectively, at the side of the duodenum; it is smaller than the paraduodenal recess which is sometimes found in the same region.
lateral f. of brain SYN: lateral cerebral f..
lateral cerebral f. [TA] the deep depression of the basal surface of the forebrain that corresponds in position to the anterior perforated substance. Bounded medially by the optic tract and rostrally by the orbital surface of the frontal lobe, it extends laterally around the overhanging pole of the temporal lobe into the Sylvian fissure (sulcus lateralis). SYN: f. lateralis cerebri [TA] , f. of Sylvius, lateral f. of brain, vallecula sylvii.
lateral inguinal f. [TA] a depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall lateral to the ridge formed by the inferior epigastric artery; it corresponds to the position of the deep inguinal ring, and is the site of an indirect inguinal hernia. SYN: f. inguinalis lateralis [TA] .
f. lateralis cerebri [TA] SYN: lateral cerebral f..
f. of lateral malleolus [TA] a large rough depression on the medial aspect of the lower end of the fibula just behind the articular facet for the talus giving attachment to the posterior talofibular and the transverse tibiofibular ligaments. SYN: f. malleoli lateralis [TA] , digital f. (2) , f. malleoli fibulae.
lenticular f. SYN: hyaloid f..
lesser supraclavicular f. [TA] a triangular space between the two heads of origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. SYN: f. supraclavicularis minor [TA] .
little f. of the cochlear window SYN: f. of round window.
little f. of the oval (vestibular) window SYN: f. of oval window.
Malgaigne f. SYN: carotid triangle.
f. malleoli fibulae SYN: f. of lateral malleolus.
f. malleoli lateralis [TA] SYN: f. of lateral malleolus.
mandibular f. [TA] a deep hollow in the squamous portion of the temporal bone at the root of the zygoma, in which rests the condyle of the mandible. SYN: f. mandibularis [TA] , articular f. of temporal bone, cavitas glenoidalis, glenoid cavity, glenoid f. (2) , glenoid surface.
f. mandibularis [TA] SYN: mandibular f..
mastoid f., f. mastoidea SYN: suprameatal triangle.
medial inguinal f. [TA] a depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall between the ridges formed by the inferior epigastric artery and the medial umbilical ligament; it corresponds to the position of the superficial inguinal ring and is the site of a direct inguinal hernia. SYN: f. inguinalis medialis [TA] , fovea inguinalis interna.
Merkel f. a groove in the posterolateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx between the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages.
mesentericoparietal f. SYN: parajejunal f..
middle cranial f. [TA] a butterfly-shaped portion of the internal base of the skull posterior to the sphenoidal ridges and limbus and anterior to the crests of the petrous part of the temporal bones and dorsum sellae; it lodges the temporal lobes of the brain in the lateral portions, and the hypophysis centrally. SYN: f. cranii media [TA] .
Mohrenheim f. SYN: infraclavicular f..
Morgagni f. SYN: navicular f. of urethra.
mylohyoid f. SYN: mylohyoid groove.
f. navicularis auriculae SYN: triangular f. of auricle.
f. navicularis auris outmoded term for scapha (1) .
f. navicularis Cruveilhier SYN: scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone.
f. navicularis urethrae [TA] SYN: navicular f. of urethra.
f. navicularis vestibulae vaginae SYN: vestibular f..
navicular f. of urethra [TA] the terminal dilated portion of the urethra in the glans penis. SYN: f. navicularis urethrae [TA] , f. terminalis urethrae, Morgagni f., Morgagni fovea.
f. olecrani [TA] SYN: olecranon f..
olecranon f. [TA] a hollow on the dorsum of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the olecranon process of the ulna rests when the elbow is extended. SYN: f. olecrani [TA] , anconal f..
oval f. f. ovalis (1) .
f. ovalis 1. [NA], an oval depression on the lower part of the septum of the right atrium; it is a vestige of the foramen ovale, and its floor corresponds to the septum primum of the fetal heart; SYN: oval f.&star. 2. SYN: saphenous opening.
f. of oval window [TA] a depression on the medial wall of the middle ear that has the oval window (fenestra vestibulae) in its lower portion. SYN: fossula fenestrae vestibuli [TA] , Huguier sinus, little f. of the oval (vestibular) window.
ovarian f. [TA] a depression in the parietal peritoneum of the pelvis; it is bounded in front by the occluded part of the umbilical artery, and behind by the ureter and the uterine vessels; it lodges the ovary. SYN: f. ovarica [TA] , Claudius f..
f. ovarica [TA] SYN: ovarian f..
paraduodenal f. SYN: paraduodenal recess.
parajejunal f. a peritoneal f. that has been seen in a few cases in which the jejunum has no mesentery but is attached to the posterior parietal peritoneum; the f. begins at the point where the mesentery ends, and is seen on raising up the knuckle of free intestine. SYN: Broesike f., f. parajejunalis, mesentericoparietal f., mesentericoparietal recess.
f. parajejunalis SYN: parajejunal f..
pararectal f. [TA] a peritoneal depression on either side of the rectum formed by peritoneal (sacrogenital) folds passing from the posterolateral pelvic wall to the central pelvic viscera. The f. is a lateral extension of the male rectovesical pouch or the female rectouterine pouch. SYN: f. pararectalis [TA] , pararectal pouch.
f. pararectalis [TA] SYN: pararectal f..
paravesical f. [TA] a peritoneal depression formed by the reflection of the peritoneum from the lateral pelvic wall onto the roof of the bladder; in the female, it is the lateral portion of the uterovesical pouch, and is separated from the pararectal pouch, which lies posteriorly, by the broad ligament. SYN: f. paravesicalis [TA] , paracystic pouch, paravesical pouch.
f. paravesicalis [TA] SYN: paravesical f..
patellar f. of vitreous SYN: hyaloid f..
peritoneal fossae depressions or pouches formed between various peritoneal folds; they may be the sites of internal hernias.
petrosal f. SYN: petrosal fossula.
piriform f. [TA] a recess in the anterolateral wall of the nasopharynx on each side of the vestible of the larynx separated from it by the aryepiglottic folds. SYN: recessus piriformis [TA] , piriform recess&star, piriform sinus.
pituitary f. SYN: hypophysial f..
f. poplitea [TA] SYN: popliteal f..
popliteal f. [TA] the diamond-shaped space posterior to the knee joint bounded superficially by the diverging biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles above and inferiorly by the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle; deeply, the f. is bound superiorly by the diverging supracondylar lines of the femur and the soleal line of the tibia inferiorly. Contents: tibial nerve, popliteal artery, vein, fat. SYN: f. poplitea [TA] , ham (1) , poples, popliteal region, popliteal space, popliteus (2) .
posterior cranial f. [TA] the internal base of the skull posterior to the crest of the petrous part of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellae and anterior to the grooves for the transverse sinuses, where the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata rest. SYN: f. cranii posterior [TA] .
f. provesicalis SYN: Hartmann pouch.
pterygoid f. [TA] the f. formed by the divergence posteriorly of the plates of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; it lodges the origin of medial pterygoid and the tensor palati muscles. SYN: f. pterygoidea [TA] .
f. pterygoidea [TA] SYN: pterygoid f..
pterygomaxillary f. SYN: pterygopalatine f..
f. pterygopalatina [TA] SYN: pterygopalatine f..
pterygopalatine f. [TA] sphenomaxillary f., a small pyramidal space, housing the pterygopalatine ganglion, between the pterygoid process, the maxilla, and the palatine bone. SYN: f. pterygopalatina [TA] , Bichat f., pterygomaxillary f., sphenomaxillary f..
radial f. of humerus [TA] a shallow depression on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus, superior to the capitulum of the humerus and lateral to the coronoid f., in which the margin of the head of the radius rests when the elbow is in extreme flexion. SYN: f. radialis humeri [TA] .
f. radialis humeri [TA] SYN: radial f. of humerus.
retroduodenal f. SYN: retroduodenal recess.
retromandibular f. the depression inferior to the auricle and posterior to the ramus and angle of the mandible. SYN: f. retromandibularis.
f. retromandibularis SYN: retromandibular f..
retromolar f. [TA] a triangular depression in the mandible posterior to the third molar tooth. SYN: f. retromolaris [TA] .
f. retromolaris [TA] SYN: retromolar f..
rhomboid f. [TA] the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, formed by the ventricular surface of the rhombencephalon. SYN: f. rhomboidea [TA] .
f. rhomboidea [TA] SYN: rhomboid f..
Rosenmüller f. SYN: pharyngeal recess.
f. of round window [TA] a depression on the medial wall of the middle ear which has the round window (fenestra cochleae) in its lower portion. SYN: fossula fenestrae cochleae [TA] , fossula rotunda, little f. of the cochlear window.
f. sacci lacrimalis [TA] SYN: f. for lacrimal sac.
scaphoid f. [TA] a boat-shaped hollow. SEE ALSO: scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone. SYN: f. scaphoidea [TA] .
f. scaphoidea [TA] SYN: scaphoid f..
f. scaphoidea ossis sphenoidalis SYN: scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone.
scaphoid f. of sphenoid bone a longitudinal hollow on the posterior surface of the superior portion (root) of the medial pterygoid plate; it gives origin to the tensor veli palati muscle. SYN: Cruveilhier f., f. navicularis Cruveilhier, f. scaphoidea ossis sphenoidalis.
f. scarpae major SYN: femoral triangle.
sigmoid f. SYN: groove for sigmoid sinus.
sphenomaxillary f. SYN: pterygopalatine f..
f. subarcuata [TA] SYN: subarcuate f..
subarcuate f. [TA] an irregular depression on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus. In the fetus, the flocculus of the cerebellum rests here; in the adult, a small vein enters the bone here. SYN: f. subarcuata [TA] , floccular f., hiatus subarcuatus.
subcecal f. an inconstant depression in the peritoneum extending posterior to the cecum. SYN: Treitz f..
subinguinal f. the depression on the anterior surface of the thigh beneath the groin.
sublingual f. [TA] a shallow depression on either side of the mental spine, on the inner surface of the body of the mandible, superior to the mylohyoid line, lodging the sublingual gland. SYN: fovea sublingualis [TA] , sublingual pit.
submandibular f. [TA] the depression on the medial surface of the body of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid line in which the submandibular gland is lodged. SYN: fovea submandibularis [TA] , f. submandibularis, fovea submaxillaris, submaxillary f..
f. submandibularis SYN: submandibular f..
submaxillary f. SYN: submandibular f..
subscapular f. [TA] the concave ventral aspect of the body of the scapula giving origin to the subscapularis muscle. SYN: f. subscapularis [TA] .
f. subscapularis [TA] SYN: subscapular f..
superior duodenal f. [TA] a peritoneal recess extending upward behind the superior duodenal fold. SYN: recessus duodenalis superior [TA] , superior duodenal recess&star, duodenojejunal f., duodenojejunal recess, Jonnesco f..
f. supraclavicularis major [TA] SYN: greater supraclavicular f..
f. supraclavicularis minor [TA] SYN: lesser supraclavicular f..
supramastoid f. SYN: suprameatal triangle.
f. supraspinata [TA] SYN: supraspinous f..
supraspinous f. [TA] the hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula above the spine, lodging the supraspinatus muscle. SYN: f. supraspinata [TA] .
supratonsillar f. [TA] the interval between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches above the tonsil, most obvious after the tonsil has regressed in the adult. SYN: f. supratonsillaris [TA] , supratonsillar recess, Tourtual sinus.
f. supratonsillaris [TA] SYN: supratonsillar f..
supravesical f. [TA] the depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall above the bladder and between the median and medial umbilical folds. Its level, relative to the pubis, changes with filling of the bladder. SYN: f. supravesicalis [TA] , fovea supravesicalis.
f. supravesicalis [TA] SYN: supravesical f..
f. of Sylvius SYN: lateral cerebral f..
temporal f. [TA] the space on the side of the cranium bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below at the level of the zygomatic arch. SYN: f. temporalis [TA] .
f. temporalis [TA] SYN: temporal f..
f. terminalis urethrae SYN: navicular f. of urethra.
tonsillar f. [TA] the depression between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches occupied by the palatine tonsil. SYN: f. tonsillaris [TA] , amygdaloid f., sinus tonsillaris.
f. tonsillaris [TA] SYN: tonsillar f..
transverse intermesocolic f. a f. occupying the position of the superior duodenal recess but extending transversely from right to left for a few cms. SYN: f. intermesocolica transversa.
Treitz f. SYN: subcecal f..
triangular f. of auricle [TA] the depression at the upper part of the auricle between the two crura of the anthelix. SYN: f. triangularis auriculae [TA] , f. navicularis auriculae.
f. triangularis auriculae [TA] SYN: triangular f. of auricle.
trochanteric f. a depression at the root of the neck of the femur beneath the curved tip of the great trochanter; it gives attachment to the tendon of the obturator externus. SYN: digital f. (1) , f. trochanterica.
f. trochanterica SYN: trochanteric f..
trochlear f. SYN: trochlear fovea.
f. trochlearis SYN: trochlear fovea.
umbilical f. SYN: fissure for ligamentum teres.
Velpeau f. SYN: ischioanal f..
f. venae cavae SYN: sulcus for vena cava.
f. venae umbilicalis SYN: fissure for ligamentum teres.
f. venosa SYN: paraduodenal recess.
vermian f. a small depression near the lower part of the internal occipital crest that lodges part of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum.
f. vesicae biliaris [TA] SYN: f. for gallbladder.
f. vesicae felleae f. for gallbladder.
vestibular f. [TA] the portion of the vestibule of the vagina between the frenulum of the labia minora and the posterior labial commissure of the vulva. SYN: f. vestibuli vaginae [TA] , f. navicularis vestibulae vaginae, f. of vestibule of vagina.
f. of vestibule of vagina SYN: vestibular f..
f. vestibuli vaginae [TA] SYN: vestibular f..
Waldeyer fossae inferior duodenal f., superior duodenal f..
zygomatic f. SYN: infratemporal f..

fossette
fossette (fo-set′)

1. SYN: fossula. 2. A seldom-used term for corneal ulcer of small diameter. [Fr. dim. of fosse, a ditch]

fossula
fossula, pl .fossulae (fos′u-la, -le) [TA]

1. [NA] A small fossa. 2. A minor fissure or slight depression on the surface of the cerebrum. SYN: fossette (1) . [L. dim. of fossa, ditch]
f. fenestrae cochleae [TA] SYN: fossa of round window.
f. fenestrae vestibuli [TA] SYN: fossa of oval window.
f. petrosa [TA] SYN: petrosal f..
petrosal f. [TA] a small and often only faintly marked depression on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the jugular fossa and the opening of the carotid canal; here opens the canaliculus tympanicus transmitting the tympanic nerve. SYN: f. petrosa [TA] , petrosal fossa, receptaculum ganglii petrosi.
f. post fenestram the small passage filled with connective tissue posterior to the oval window of the cochlea; a site of predilection for otosclerosis.
f. rotunda SYN: fossa of round window.
tonsillar fossulae [TA] the small pits at the openings of the tonsillar crypts onto the external surface of the tonsil. They occur as palatine and pharyngeal tonsils. SYN: fossulae tonsillarum (palatini et pharyngealis) [TA] .
fossulae tonsillarum (palatini et pharyngealis) [TA] SYN: tonsillar fossulae.

fossulate
fossulate (fos′u-lat)

Grooved; containing a fossula or small fossa; hollowed out.

Foster frame
Foster frame

See under frame.

Foster Kennedy Foster Kennedy

See Kennedy.

Fothergill
Fothergill

John, English physician, 1712–1780. See F. disease, F. neuralgia, F. sign.

Fothergill
Fothergill

William E., English gynecologist, 1865–1926. See F. operation.

Fouchet
Fouchet

A., French physician, *1894. See F. reagent, F. stain.

foulage
foulage (foo-lahzh′)

Kneading and pressure of the muscles, constituting a form of massage. [Fr. impression]

foundation
foundation (fown-da′shun)

A base; a supporting structure.
denture f. that portion of the oral structures which is available to support a denture. SEE ALSO: denture f. area, denture f. surface, mean f. plane.

founder
founder (fown′der)

A person who contributes to the initial genetic structure of a population and is liable to contribute to a large proportion of the genes in the descendants from it.

fourchette
fourchette (foor-shet′)

frenulum of labia minora. [Fr. dim. of fourché, fr. L. furca, fork]

Fourier
Fourier

J.B.J., French mathematician and administrator, 1768–1830. See F. analysis, F. transform, F. transfer.

Fourneau
Fourneau

Ernest F.A., French chemist and pharmacologist, 1872–1949. See F. 710, F. 933.

Fourneau 710
Fourneau 710

A synthetic quinoline; an antimalarial agent. [Ernest F.A. Fourneau]

Fourneau 933
Fourneau 933

SYN: piperoxan hydrochloride. [Ernest F.A. Fourneau]

Fournier
Fournier

Jean A., French syphilographer, 1832–1914. See F. disease, F. gangrene, syphiloma of F..

fovea
fovea, pl .foveae (fo′ve-a, fo′ve-e) [TA]

Any natural depression on the surface of the body, such as the axilla, or on the surface of a bone. Cf.:dimple. SYN: pit (1) . [L. a pit]
f. anterior SYN: superior f..
anterior f. SYN: superior f..
f. articularis capitis radii [TA] SYN: articular facet of radial head.
f. articularis inferior atlantis SYN: inferior articular surface of atlas.
f. articularis superior atlantis SYN: superior articular surface of atlas.
f. capitis femoris [TA] SYN: f. for ligament of head of femur.
f. cardiaca anterior intestinal portal; the opening of the foregut into the midgut. SEE ALSO: epigastric fossa. SYN: anterior intestinal portal.
f. centralis maculae luteae [TA] SYN: central retinal f..
central retinal f. [TA] a depression in the center of the macula retinae containing only cones and lacking blood vessels. SYN: f. centralis maculae luteae [TA] , central pit.
f. costalis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior costal facet.
f. costalis processus transversi [TA] SYN: transverse costal facet.
f. costalis superior [TA] SYN: superior costal facet.
f. dentis atlantis [TA] SYN: facet (of atlas) for dens.
f. elliptica SYN: elliptical recess of bony labyrinth.
f. ethmoidalis the roof of the ethmoid air cells.
f. of the femoral head SYN: f. for ligament of head of femur.
f. femoralis SYN: femoral fossa.
f. hemielliptica SYN: elliptical recess of bony labyrinth.
f. hemispherica SYN: spherical recess of bony labyrinth.
f. inferior [TA] SYN: inferior f..
inferior f. [TA] a small depression in the limiting sulcus of the rhomboidal fossa below the medullary striae of either side, generally lateral to the hypoglossal and vagal trigones. SYN: f. inferior [TA] .
f. inguinalis interna SYN: medial inguinal fossa.
f. for ligament of head of femur [TA] a depression on the extremity of the head of the femur giving attachment to the ligamentum teres femoris. SYN: f. capitis femoris [TA] , f. of the femoral head, pit of head of femur.
Morgagni f. SYN: navicular fossa of urethra.
f. oblonga cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] SYN: oblong f. of arytenoid cartilage.
oblong f. of arytenoid cartilage [TA] a broad shallow depression on the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, for attachment of the thyroarytenoid muscle. SYN: f. oblonga cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] , oblong pit of arytenoid cartilage.
pterygoid f. [TA] a depression on the antero-medial side of the neck of the condylar process of the mandible, giving attachment to the lateral pterygoid muscle. SYN: f. pterygoidea [TA] , pterygoid depression, pterygoid pit.
f. pterygoidea [TA] SYN: pterygoid f..
f. of radial head SYN: articular facet of radial head.
f. spherica SYN: spherical recess of bony labyrinth.
f. sublingualis [TA] SYN: sublingual fossa.
f. submandibularis [TA] SYN: submandibular fossa.
f. submaxillaris SYN: submandibular fossa.
f. superior [TA] SYN: superior f..
superior f. [TA] a slight depression in the limiting sulcus on either side of the rhomboidal fossa, above the medullary striae and lateral to the facial colliculus. SYN: f. superior [TA] , anterior f., f. anterior.
f. supravesicalis SYN: supravesical fossa.
triangular f. of arytenoid cartilage [TA] a deep depression in the upper portion of the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, lodging glands. SYN: f. triangularis cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] , triangular pit of arytenoid cartilage.
f. triangularis cartilaginis arytenoideae [TA] SYN: triangular f. of arytenoid cartilage.
trochlear f. [TA] a shallow depression in the roof of the orbit close to the medial margin to which is attached the pulley for the superior oblique tendon. SYN: f. trochlearis [TA] , fossa trochlearis, trochlear fossa, trochlear pit.
f. trochlearis [TA] SYN: trochlear f..

foveate
foveate, foveated (fo′-ve-at, -a-ted)

Pitted; having foveas or depressions on the surface.

foveation
foveation (fo-ve-a′shun)

Pitted scar formation, as in smallpox, chickenpox, or vaccinia. [L. fovea, a pit]

foveola
foveola, pl .foveolae (fo-ve′o-la, -le) [TA]

A minute fovea or pit. [Mod. L. dim. of L. fovea, pit]
f. coccygea [TA] SYN: coccygeal f..
coccygeal f. [TA] a depression in the skin over the coccyx caused by the caudal retinaculum. SYN: f. coccygea [TA] , coccygeal dimple, postanal dimple.
f. gastrica [TA] SYN: gastric pit.
granular foveolae [TA] pits on the inner surface of the skull, along the course of the superior sagittal sinus, in which are lodged the arachnoidal granulations. SYN: foveolae granulares [TA] , granular pits, pacchionian depressions.
foveolae granulares [TA] SYN: granular foveolae.
f. ocularis SYN: f. of retina.
f. papillaris the minute depression sometimes seen at the apex of a papilla of the kidney where a papillary duct opens into a calix.
f. of retina [TA] the central portion of the central retinal fovea that contains cones only. SYN: f. retinae [TA] , f. ocularis.
f. retinae [TA] SYN: f. of retina.
f. suprameatalis SYN: suprameatal triangle.
f. suprameatica [TA] SYN: suprameatal triangle.

foveolar
foveolar (fo-ve′o-lar)

Pertaining to a foveola.

foveolate
foveolate (fo′ve-o-lat, fo-ve′o-lat)

Having minute pits (foveolae) or small depressions on the surface.

Foville
Foville

Achille L., French neurologist, 1799–1878. See F. fasciculus, F. syndrome.

Fowler
Fowler

George R., U.S. surgeon, 1848–1906. See F. position.

Fox
Fox

George H., U.S. dermatologist, 1846–1937. See F.-Fordyce disease.

Fox
Fox

Lewis, U.S. periodontist, *1903. See Goldman-F. knives, under knife.

foxglove
foxglove (foks′gluv)

SYN: Digitalis.

FPLC
FPLC

Abbreviation for fast protein liquid chromatography.

FPS
FPS, fps

Abbreviation for foot-pound-second. See foot-pound-second system, foot-pound-second unit.

Fr
Fr

1. Symbol for francium.

Fraccaro
Fraccaro

Marco, Italian ophthalmologist, *1926. See Schmid-F. syndrome.

Fraccaro
Fraccaro

M., Italian physician. See Parenti-F. syndrome.

F.R.A.C.P.
F.R.A.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

fractals
fractals (frak′talz)

Mathematical patterns developed by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1977, in which small parts have the same shape as the whole. Blood vessels and the bronchial tree behave as f.; some infections and neoplasms also behave as f.. [Fr., fr. L. fractus, broken, pp. of frango, to break, + -al]

fraction
fraction (frak′shun)

1. The quotient of two quantities. 2. An aliquot portion or any portion. 3. As a verb, to separate into portions.
amorphous f. of adrenal cortex noncrystalline residue of an acetone extract of the adrenal cortex after crystalline steroids, e.g., corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, etc., have been isolated.
blood plasma fractions portions of the blood plasma as separated by electrophoresis or other technique.
f. collector a device used to collect the eluate from a column in column chromatography.
dried human plasma protein f. freeze-dried human plasma protein f..
ejection f. the f. of the blood contained in the ventricle at the end of diastole that is expelled during its contraction, i.e., the stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume, normally 0.55 (by electrocardiogram) or greater; with the onset of congestive heart failure, the ejection f. decreases, sometimes to 0.10 or even less in severe cases.
filtration f. (FF) the f. of the plasma entering the kidney that filters into the lumen of the renal tubules, determined by dividing the glomerular filtration rate by the renal plasma flow; normally, it is around 0.17.
human antihemophilic f. SYN: human antihemophilic factor.
human plasma protein f. a sterile solution of selected proteins derived from the blood plasma of adult human donors, containing 4.5 to 5.5 g of protein per 100 ml, of which 83 to 90% is albumin and the remainder is α- and β-globulins; used as a blood volume supporter.
mole f. the ratio of the moles of one component of a system to the total moles of all the components present.
radionuclide ejection f. a nuclear medicine study for determination of ejection f. of either ventricle; supersedes multiple-gated acquisition scan in some centers. SEE ALSO: multiple-gated acquisition scan.
recombination f. the proportion of progeny of a mating pair of specific genotype and coupling phase that are recombinant; there must be no differential selection among the possible types of progeny, and the recombination f. should be the same regardless of the alleles involved or their coupling phase.
regurgitant f. the amount of blood regurgitated into a cardiac chamber divided by the stroke output; normally, no blood regurgitates; in patients with severe valvular lesions such as mitral or aortic insufficiency, regurgitant f. can approach 80%; this f. affords a quantitative measure of the severity of the valvular lesion.

fractionation
fractionation (frak-shun-a′shun)

1. To separate components of a mixture. 2. The administration of a course of therapeutic radiation of a neoplasm in a planned series of fractions of the total dose, most often once a day for several weeks, in order to minimize radiation damage of contiguous normal tissues.

fracture
fracture (frak′choor)

1. To break. 2. A break, especially the breaking of a bone or cartilage. [L. fractura, a break]
apophysial f. separation of apophysis from bone.
articular f. a f. involving the joint surface of a bone.
avulsion f. a f. that occurs when a joint capsule, ligament, or muscle insertion of origin is pulled from the bone as a result of a sprain dislocation or strong contracture of the muscle against resistance; as the soft tissue is pulled away from the bone, a fragment (or fragments) remains attached to the soft tissue of the bone. SYN: strain f..
Barton f. f. of the distal radius with volar subluxation or dislocation of the radiocarpal joint.
basal skull f. a f. involving the base of the cranium.
bending f. an injury in which a long bone or bones, usually the radius and ulna, are bent ( i.e., angulated) due to multiple microfractures, none of which can be seen by x-ray imaging.
Bennett f. f. dislocation of the first metacarpal bone at the carpal-metacarpal joint.
bimalleolar f. SYN: Pott f..
birth f. f. occurring during the trauma of delivery or, occasionally, before delivery in infants with osteogenesis imperfecta.
blow-out f. a f. of the floor of the orbit, without a f. of the rim, produced by a blow on the globe with the force being transmitted via the globe to the orbital floor.
boxer's f. f. of the neck of a metacarpal bone—typically of the fifth metacarpals.
capillary f. SYN: hairline f..
Chance f. a transverse f., usually in the thoracic or lumbar spine, through the body of the vertebra extending posteriorly through the pedicles and the spinous process.
clay shoveler's f. an avulsion f. of the base of spinous processes of C-7, C-6, or T-1 (in order of prevalence).
closed f. a f. in which skin is intact at site of f.. SYN: simple f..
closed skull f. f. with intact overlying scalp and/or mucous membranes. SYN: simple skull f..
Colles f. a f. of the distal radius with displacement and/or angulation of the distal fragment dorsally.
comminuted f. a f. in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments.
comminuted skull f. a f. of the skull with fragmentation of bone.
complex f. a f. with significant soft tissue injury.
compound f. f. in which the skin is perforated and there is an open wound down to the site of the f.. SYN: open f..
compound skull f. SYN: open skull f..
f. by contrecoup skull f. at a point distant from the site of impact.
cough f. a f. of a rib or cartilage, usually the fifth or seventh, from vigorous coughing.
craniofacial dysjunction f. a complex f. in which the facial bones are separated from the cranial bones. SYN: Le Fort III craniofacial dysjunction, Le Fort III f., transverse facial f..
dentate f. a f. in which the opposing surfaces are rough, with toothed or serrate projections fitting into corresponding indentations.
depressed f. SYN: depressed skull f..
depressed skull f. a f. with inward displacement of a part of the calvarium; may or may not be associated with disruption of the underlying dura or cerebral cortex. SYN: depressed f..
derby hat f. regular cranial concavity in infants; may or may not be associated with f. SYN: dishpan f..
diastatic skull f. 1. separation of cranial bones at a suture; 2. f. with marked separation of bone fragments.
direct f. a f., especially of the skull, occurring at the point of injury.
dishpan f. SYN: derby hat f..
dislocation f. a f. of a bone near an articulation with a concomitant dislocation of the adjacent.
double f. SYN: segmental f..
Dupuytren f. f. of lower part of fibula, with dislocation of ankle.
epiphysial f., epiphyseal f. separation of the epiphysis of a long bone, caused by trauma. See Salter-Harris classification of epiphysial plate injuries.
expressed skull f. a f. with outward displacement of a part of the cranium.
extracapsular f. a f. near a joint, but outside of the line of attachment of the joint capsule.
fatigue f. f. that occurs in bone subjected to repetitive stress, most often transverse in configuration. SYN: stress f..
fetal f. SYN: intrauterine f..
fissured f. SYN: longitudinal f..
folding f. SYN: torus f..
freeze f. a procedure for preparing cells or other biological samples for electron microscopy in which the sample is frozen quickly and then broken with a sharp blow. SYN: cryofracture.
Galeazzi f. f. of the shaft of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.
Gosselin f. v-shaped f. of distal end of tibia.
greenstick f. the bending of a bone with incomplete f. involving the convex side of the curve only.
growing f. linear skull f. in a young child which increases in size, usually as the result of an associated dural tear and arachnoid cyst formation within the f. line.
Guérin f. a f. of the facial bones in which there is a horizontal f. at the base of the maxillae above the apices of the teeth. SYN: horizontal f., Le Fort I f..
gutter f. a long, narrow, depressed f. of the skull.
hairline f. a f. without separation of the fragments, the line of break being hairlike, as seen sometimes in the skull. SYN: capillary f..
hangman's f. a f. of the cervical spine through the pedicles of C2; may be associated with an anterior dislocation of the C2 vertebral body with respect to C3.
horizontal f. SYN: Guérin f..
impacted f. a f. in which one of the fragments is driven into the cancellous bone of the other fragment.
incomplete f. a f. in which the line of f. does not completely traverse the bone.
indirect f. a f., especially of the skull, that occurs at a point not at the site of impact.
intertrochanteric f. f. of the proximal femur located in the metaphyseal bone in the region between the greater and lesser trochanters.
intraarticular f. f. occurring through the articular surface into the joint.
intracapsular f. a f. near a joint and within the line of insertion of the joint capsule.
intrauterine f. a f. of one or more bones of a fetus occurring before birth. SYN: fetal f..
Le Fort I f. SYN: Guérin f..
Le Fort II f. SYN: pyramidal f..
Le Fort III f. SYN: craniofacial dysjunction f..
linear f. SYN: longitudinal f..
linear skull f. a skull f. resembling a line.
longitudinal f. a f. involving the bone in the line of its axis. SYN: fissured f., linear f..
march f. a fatigue f. of one of the metatarsals.
Monteggia f. f. of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius.
multiple f. 1. f. at two or more places in a bone; See segmental f.. 2. f. of several bones occurring simultaneously.
neurogenic f. a f. in bone weakened by disease of the nerve supply.
oblique f. a f. the line of which runs obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the bone.
occult f. a condition in which there are clinical signs of f. but no radiographic evidence; after 2 to 4 weeks, radiographic imaging shows new bone formation; magnetic resonance imaging frequently confirms the f. before changes are evident on radiography; commonly seen in the navicular bone of the wrist.
open f. SYN: compound f..
open skull f. a f. with laceration of overlying scalp and/or mucous membrane. SYN: compound skull f..
parry f. obsolete term for Monteggia f..
pathologic f. a f. occurring at a site weakened by preexisting disease, especially neoplasm or necrosis, of the bone.
pertrochanteric f. a f. through the intertrochanteric region of the femur; a form of extracapsular hip f..
pilon f. a f. of the distal metaphysis of the tibia extending into the ankle joint.
ping-pong f. derby hat f..
pond f. a circular depressed skull f..
Pott f. f. of the lower part of the fibula and of the malleolus of the tibia, with outward displacement of the foot. SYN: bimalleolar f..
pyramidal f. a f. of the midfacial skeleton with the principal f. lines meeting at an apex at or near the superior aspect of the nasal bones. SYN: Le Fort II f..
segmental f. a f. in two parts of the same bone. SYN: double f..
Shepherd f. a f. of the external tubercle (posterior process) of the talus, sometimes mistaken for a displacement of the os trigonum.
silver-fork f. a Colles f. of the wrist in which the deformity has the appearance of a fork in profile.
simple f. SYN: closed f..
simple skull f. SYN: closed skull f..
Skillern f. obsolete term for f. of distal radius with greenstick f. of neighboring portion of ulna.
skull f. a break of the cranium resulting from trauma.
Smith f. reversed Colles f.; f. of the distal radius with displacement of the fragment toward the palmar (volar) aspect.
spiral f. a f. the line of which is helical in the bone; usually results from a twisting injury.
splintered f. a comminuted f. in which the fragments are long and sharp-pointed.
spontaneous f. a f. occurring without any external injury.
sprain f. an avulsion f. in which a small portion of adjacent bone has been pulled off.
stable f. a f. that does not tend to displace once it has been reduced and immobilized.
stellate f. a f. in which the lines of break radiate from a central point.
stellate skull f. a skull f. with multiple linear fractures radiating from the site of impact.
strain f. SYN: avulsion f..
stress f. SYN: fatigue f..
subcapital f. an intracapsular f. of the neck of the femur, at the point where the neck of the femur joins the head.
subperiosteal f. a f. occurring beneath the periosteum, and without displacement.
supracondylar f. a f. of the distal end of the humerus or femur located above the condylar region.
toddler's f. a spiral f. of the tibia seen frequently in children 1–2 years of age.
torsion f. a f. resulting from twisting of the limb.
torus f. a bone deformity in children in which the bone bends and buckles but does not f.; it occurs commonly in the radius or ulna or both. This f. occurs only in children because their bones are softer than adults. SYN: folding f..
transcervical f. a f. through the neck of the femur.
transcondylar f. a f. through condyles of the humerus or femur.
transverse f. a f., the line of which forms a right angle with the longitudinal axis of the bone.
transverse facial f. SYN: craniofacial dysjunction f..
trimalleolar f. a f. of the ankle through the lateral malleolus of the fibula and the medial malleolus and posterior process of the tibia.
tripod f. a facial f. involving the three supports of the malar prominence, the arch of the zygomatic bone, the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, and the zygomatic process of the maxillary bone.
unstable f. a f. with an intrinsic tendency to displace after reduction.
ununited f. a f. in which union between the ends of the bone fails to occur.

Fraenkel
Fraenkel

Albert, German physician, 1848–1916. See F. pneumococcus.

fragilitas
fragilitas (fra-jil′i-tas)

SYN: fragility. [L.]
f. crinium brittleness of the hair; a condition in which the hair of the head or face tends to split or break off.
f. sanguinis SYN: osmotic fragility.

fragility
fragility (fra-jil′i-te)

Brittleness; liability to break, burst, or disintegrate. SYN: fragilitas. [L. fragilitas]
f. of the blood SYN: osmotic f..
capillary f. the susceptibility of capillaries to breakage and extravasation of red cells under conditions of increased stress.
osmotic f. the susceptibility of erythrocytes to hemolyze when exposed to increasingly hypotonic saline solutions. SYN: fragilitas sanguinis, f. of the blood.

fragilocyte
fragilocyte (fra-jil′o-sit)

A red blood cell that is unusually fragile when subjected to a hypotonic salt solution. [L. fragilis, brittle, + G. kytos, hollow (cell)]

fragilocytosis
fragilocytosis (fra-jil′o-si-to′sis)

A condition of the blood in which the red blood cells are abnormally fragile.

fragment
fragment (frag′ment)

A small part broken from a larger entity.
acentric f. SYN: acentric chromosome.
Brimacombe f. a ribonucleoprotein f. obtained by mild ribonuclease treatment of ribosomes.
butterfly f. a broad triangular f. that is commonly present in comminuted fractures of the diaphysis.
Fab f. the antigen-binding f. of an immunoglobulin molecule, consisting of both a light chain and part of a heavy chain. SYN: Fab piece.
Fc f. the crystallizable f. of an immunoglobulin molecule composed of part of the heavy chains and responsible for binding to antibody receptors (Fc receptor) on cells and the Clq component of complement. SYN: Fc piece.
Klenow f. carboxyl terminal f. of DNA polymerase I, contains polymerase as well as 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity to edit out mismatches.
Okazaki f. a relatively short (100–2000 bp in Escherichia coli and 100–200 bp in mammals) f. of DNA that is later joined by DNA ligase to allow for 3′ → 5′ overall chain growth during replication.
one-carbon f. the formyl group or the methyl group that takes part in transformylation or transmethylation reactions; by means of these reactions, a group containing a single carbon atom is added to a compound being biosynthesized, adding a methyl group (as in thymidine formation), adding a hydroxymethyl group (as in serine biosynthesis), or closing a ring (as in purine formation).
two-carbon f. the acetyl group (CH₃CO–) that takes part in transacetylation reactions with coenzyme A as carrier; commonly referred to as acetate or acetic acid, from which it is derived.

fragmentation
fragmentation (frag-men-ta′shun)

The breaking of an entity into smaller parts. SYN: spallation (1) .
f. of the myocardium a transverse rupture of the muscular fibers of the heart, especially those of the papillary muscles.

fraise
fraise (fraz)

A burr in the shape of a hemispherical button with cutting edges, used to enlarge a trephine opening in the skull or to cut osteoplastic flaps; the smooth convexity of the button prevents injury to the dura. [Fr. strawberry]

Fraley
Fraley

Elwin E., U.S. urologist, *1934. See F. syndrome.

frambesia tropica
frambesia tropica (fram-e′ze-a trop′i-ka)

SYN: yaws. [Fr. framboise, raspberry]

frambesiform
frambesiform (fram-be′zi-form)

Resembling the lesion of yaws.

frambesioma
frambesioma (fram-be-ze-o′ma)

SYN: mother yaw. [frambesia + -oma, tumor]

frame
frame (fram)

A structure made of parts fitted together.
Balkan f. an overhead f., supported on uprights attached to the bedposts or to a separate stand, from which a splinted limb is slung in the treatment of fracture or joint disease. SYN: Balkan beam, Balkan splint.
Bradford f. an oblong rectangular f. made of pipe, over which are stretched transversely two strips of canvas; permits trunk and lower extremities of a bed-ridden patient to move as a unit; now rarely used.
Deiters terminal frames platelike structures in the organ of Corti uniting the outer phalangeal cells with Hensen cells.
Foster f. a reversible bed similar to a Stryker f..
occluding f. SYN: articulator.
Stryker f. a f. that holds the patient and permits turning in various planes without individual motion of parts.
trial f. a type of spectacle f. with variable adjustments, for holding trial lenses during refraction.
Whitman f. a f. similar to the Bradford f., but with curved sides.

frameshift
frameshift (fram′shift)

As used in genetics: a mutation that causes a sequence such that the reading frame groups of three bases in mRNA become out of register; the insertion or deletion of one or two bases, for example, would lead to an altered grouping of three bases causing incorrect amino acid residues to be incorporated into growing polypeptide chains, or would signal premature chain termination.

framework
framework (fram′work)

1. See stroma. 2. In dentistry, the skeletal prosthesis (usually metal) around which and to which are attached the remaining portions of the prosthesis to produce the finished appliance (partial denture).

Franceschetti
Franceschetti

Adolphe, Swiss ophthalmologist, 1896–1968. See F. syndrome, F.-Jadassohn syndrome.

Francisella
Francisella (fran′si-sel′la)

A genus of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, aerobic bacteria that contain small, Gram-negative cocci and rods. Capsules are rarely produced and the cells may show bipolar staining. These organisms are highly pleomorphic; they do not grow on plain agar or in liquid media without special enrichment; they are pathogenic and cause tularemia in humans. The type species is F. tularensis.
F. tularensis a bacterial species that causes tularemia in humans, transmitted from wild animals by bloodsucking insects or by contact with infected animals such as ticks; main sources of infection are rabbits and ticks; it can penetrate unbroken skin to cause infection, and if inhaled can cause a rapidly fatal pneumonia; type species of the genus F.. SYN: Pasteurella tularensis.

francium
francium (Fr) (fran′se-um)

Radioactive element of the alkali metal series; atomic no. 87; half-life of most stable known isotope, ²²³Fr, is 21.8 min. [France, native country of Mlle. M. Perey (1909–1975), the discoverer]

Francke
Francke

Karl E., German physician, 1859–1920. See F. needle.

François
François

Jules, contemporary Belgian ophthalmologist. See central cloudy corneal dystrophy of F.. SEE ALSO: central cloudy corneal dystrophy of F..

frangula
frangula (frang′goo-la)

The bark of Rhamnus f. (family Rhamnaceae); a laxative or cathartic.

frangulic acid
frangulic acid (frang′u-lik)

SYN: emodin. [see frangula]

frangulin
frangulin (frang′u-lin)

A glycoside from frangula; has been used as a purgative. SYN: rhamnoxanthin.

Frank
Frank

Otto, German physiologist, 1865–1944. See F.-Starling curve.

frank
frank

Unmistakable; manifest; clinically evident.

Frankenhäuser
Frankenhäuser

Ferdinand, German gynecologist, 1832–1894. See F. ganglion.

Frankfort Frankfort (frank′fert)

See F. horizontal plane, F.-mandibular incisor angle. [Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany]

frankincense
frankincense (frangk′in-sens)

SYN: olibanum. [Mediev. L. francum incensum, pure incense]

Franklin
Franklin

Benjamin, U.S. physicist and statesman, 1706–1790. See franklinic, F. spectacles.

Franklin
Franklin

Edward C., U.S. physician and immunologist, *1928. See F. disease.

franklinic
franklinic (frank′lin-ik)

Denoting static or frictional electricity. [B. Franklin]

Fräntzel
Fräntzel (frant′zel)

Oscar Maximilian Victor, German physician, 1838–1894. See F. murmur.

Fraser
Fraser

Alexander, Canadian pathologist, 1869–1939. See F.-Lendrum stain for fibrin.

Fraser
Fraser

George R., 20th century British geneticist. See F. syndrome.

Fraumeni
Fraumeni

Joseph F., Jr., epidemiologist, *1933. See Li-F. cancer syndrome.

Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer

Joseph von, German optician, 1787–1826. See F. lines, under line.

Frazier
Frazier

Charles H., U.S. surgeon, 1870–1936. See F. needle, F.-Spiller operation.

FRC
FRC

Abbreviation for functional residual capacity.

F.R.C.P.
F.R.C.P.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (of England).

F.R.C.P.(C)
F.R.C.P.(C)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Canada).

F.R.C.P.(E)
F.R.C.P.(E), F.R.C.P.(Edin)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Edinburgh).

F.R.C.P.(I)
F.R.C.P.(I)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Ireland).

F.R.C.S.
F.R.C.S.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (of England).

F.R.C.S.(C)
F.R.C.S.(C)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Canada).

F.R.C.S.(E)
F.R.C.S.(E), F.R.C.S.(Edin)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh).

F.R.C.S.(I)
F.R.C.S.(I)

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Ireland).

freckle
freckle (frek′l)

Yellowish or brownish macules developing on the exposed parts of the skin, especially in persons of light complexion; the lesions increase in number on exposure to the sun; the epidermis is microscopically normal except for increased melanin. SEE ALSO: lentigo. SYN: ephelis. [O. E. freken]
Hutchinson f. SYN: lentigo maligna.
iris freckles small, pigmented clusters of uveal melanocytes on the surface of the iris.
melanotic f. SYN: lentigo maligna.

Fredet
Fredet

Pierre, French surgeon, 1870–1946. See F.-Ramstedt operation.

Freeman
Freeman

Ernest A., &dag;1975. See F.-Sheldon syndrome.

freeze-drying
freeze-drying (frez′dri-ing)

SYN: lyophilization.

freezing
freezing (fre′zing)

Congealing, stiffening, or hardening by exposure to cold.
gastric f. formerly used treatment for peptic ulcer designed to reduce or eliminate the production of acid gastric juice by f. the secretory cells with a supercooled fluid introduced into a balloon positioned in the stomach.

Frei
Frei

Wilhelm S., German dermatologist, 1885–1943. See F. test, F.-Hoffmann reaction.

Freiberg
Freiberg

Albert Henry, U.S. surgeon, 1869–1940. See F. disease.

Frejka
Frejka

Bedrich, Czech orthopedist, 1890–1972. See F. pillow splint.

frémissement cattaire
frémissement cattaire (fra-mes′mon kat′air)

See fremitus.

fremitus
fremitus (frem′i-tus)

A vibration imparted to the hand resting on the chest or other part of the body. SEE ALSO: thrill. [L. a dull roaring sound, fr. fremo, pp. -itus, to roar, resound]
bronchial f. adventitious pulmonary sounds or voice sounds perceptible to the hand resting on the chest, as well as by the ear.
hydatid f. SYN: hydatid thrill.
pericardial f. vibration in the chest wall produced by the friction of opposing roughened surfaces of the pericardium. SEE ALSO: pericardial rub.
pleural f. vibration in the chest wall produced by a friction rub resulting from the rubbing together of the roughened inflamed opposing surfaces of the pleura.
rhonchal f. f. produced by vibrations from the passage of air in the bronchial tubes partially obstructed by mucous secretion.
subjective f. vibration felt within the chest by the patient himself, when humming with the mouth closed; or f. felt when there is a rough, pericardial or pleural friction rub, particularly when pain is minimal.
tactile f. vibration felt with the hand on the chest during vocal f..
tussive f. a form of f. similar to the vocal, produced by a cough.
vocal f. the vibration in the chest wall, felt on palpation, produced by the spoken voice.

frena
frena (fre′na)

Plural of frenum.

frenal
frenal (fre′nal)

Relating to any frenum.

French
French

See F. scale.

frenectomy
frenectomy (fre-nek′to-me)

Removal of any frenum. [frenum + G. ektome, excision]

frenoplasty
frenoplasty (fre′no-plas-te)

Correction of an abnormally attached frenum by surgically repositioning it. [frenum + G. plastos, formed]

frenotomy
frenotomy (fre-not′o-me)

Division of any frenum or frenulum, especially that of the tongue. [frenum + G. tome, a cutting]

frenulum
frenulum, pl .frenula (fren′u-lum, -la) [TA]

A small frenum or bridle. SEE ALSO: frenum. SYN: habenula (1) [TA] . [Mod. L. dim. of L. frenum, bridle]
cerebellar f. SYN: f. of superior medullary velum.
f. cerebelli SYN: f. of superior medullary velum.
f. clitoridis [TA] SYN: f. of clitoris.
f. of clitoris [TA] the line of union of the inner-laminae portions of the labia minora on the undersurface of the glans clitoridis. SYN: f. clitoridis [TA] , f. preputii clitoridis.
f. epiglottidis SYN: median glossoepiglottic fold.
f. of foreskin f. of prepuce.
f. of Giacomini SYN: uncus band of Giacomini.
f. of ileal orifice [TA] a fold, more evident in cadavers, running from the junction of the two commissures of the ileocecal valve on either side along the inner wall of the cecocolic junction. SYN: f. ostii ilealis [TA] , f. of ileocecal valve, f. of Morgagni, f. valvae ileocecalis, Morgagni frenum, Morgagni retinaculum.
f. of ileocecal valve SYN: f. of ileal orifice.
f. of labia minora [TA] the fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly. SYN: f. labiorum pudendi [TA] , fourchette&star, f. labiorum minorum, f. of pudendal lips, f. pudendi.
f. labii inferioris, f. labii superioris [TA] SYN: f. of lower lip.
f. labiorum minorum SYN: f. of labia minora.
f. labiorum pudendi [TA] SYN: f. of labia minora.
f. linguae [TA] SYN: f. of tongue.
lingual f. SYN: f. of tongue.
f. of lower lip, f. of upper lip [TA] the folds of mucous membrane extending from the gingiva to the midline of the lower and upper lips, respectively. SYN: f. labii inferioris, f. labii superioris [TA] .
f. of M'Dowel tendinous fasciculi passing from the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle across the bicipital groove.
f. of Morgagni SYN: f. of ileal orifice.
f. ostii ilealis [TA] SYN: f. of ileal orifice.
f. of prepuce [TA] a fold of mucous membrane passing from the undersurface of the glans penis to the deep surface of the prepuce. SYN: f. preputii [TA] , f. of foreskin&star, vinculum preputii.
f. preputii [TA] SYN: f. of prepuce.
f. preputii clitoridis SYN: f. of clitoris.
f. of pudendal lips SYN: f. of labia minora.
f. pudendi SYN: f. of labia minora.
f. of superior medullary velum a band passing from the longitudinal groove between the quadrigeminal bodies on to the superior medullary velum. SYN: f. veli medullaris superioris [TA] , cerebellar f., f. cerebelli.
synovial frenula SYN: vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot, under vinculum.
f. of tongue [TA] a fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the undersurface of the tongue. SYN: f. linguae [TA] , lingual f., vinculum linguae.
f. valvae ileocecalis SYN: f. of ileal orifice.
f. veli medullaris superioris [TA] SYN: f. of superior medullary velum.

frenum
frenum, pl .frenafrenums (fre′num, -na, -numz)

1. A narrow reflection or fold of mucous membrane passing from a more fixed to a movable part, serving to check undue movement of the part. 2. An anatomical structure resembling such a fold. SYN: bridle (1) . [L. a bridle, curb]
Morgagni f. SYN: frenulum of ileal orifice.
synovial frena SYN: vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot, under vinculum.

frenzy
frenzy (fren′ze)

Extreme mental or emotional excitement. [thr. Old Fr. and L. fr. G. phrenesis, inflammation of the brain, fr. phren, mind]

frequency
frequency (ν) (fre′kwen-se)

The number of regular recurrences in a given time, e.g., heartbeats, sound vibrations. [L. frequens, repeated, often, constant]
best f. SYN: characteristic f..
characteristic f. f. at which a given neuron responds to the least sound intensity. SYN: best f..
critical flicker fusion f. the minimal number of flashes of light per second at which an intermittent light stimulus no longer stimulates a continuous visual sensation.
f. domain the expression of a function by its amplitude and phase at each component f., usually as determined by Fourier analysis.
dominant f. the f. occurring most often in an electroencephalogram.
f. encoding in magnetic resonance imaging, a method of varying the magnetic field strength by location to encode the location of each voxel uniquely in one direction.
fundamental f. 1. the principal component of a sound wave, which has the greatest wavelength; 2. tone produced by the vibration of the vocal folds before the air reaches any cavities.
gene f. 1. the probability that a gene picked at random from a defined population is of a particular type; 2. epidemiologically, the proportion of genes in a population that are of the particular type; 3. statistically, the estimate of either of the foregoing two quantities.
Larmor f. in magnetic resonance, the precessional f., n₀, of magnetic nuclei in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the external magnetic field; v₀ = γB₀/2π, where B₀ is the magnetic field strength and γ is the magnetogyric ratio.
f. of micturition micturition at short intervals; it may result from increased urine formation, decreased bladder capacity, or lower urinary tract irritation.
mutational f. the proportions of mutations in a population.
nearest neighbor f. the f. by which certain types of entities or structures are immediately adjacent to a given structure.
resonant f. the f. at which individual magnetic nuclei absorb or emit radiofrequency energy in magnetic resonance studies. SYN: resonance (6) .
respiratory f. (f) the number of breaths per minute.

Frerichs
Frerichs

Friedrich T. von, German pathologist and clinician, 1819–1885. See F. theory.

freshening
freshening (fresh′en-ing)

Preparation of an open, partially healed wound for secondary closure by removal of fibrin, granulations, and early scar tissue.

Fresnel
Fresnel

Augustin Jean, French physicist, 1788–1827. See F. lens, F. prism.

fressreflex
fressreflex (fres′re-fleks)

Sucking and chewing movements elicited by stimulation of the face and lips. [Ger fr. fressen, to feed, said of animals]

fretting
fretting (fret′ing)

Abrasive polishing and wear of two metallic surfaces at their interface due to repetitive motion. [M.E., fr. O.E. fretan, to devour]

fretum
fretum, pl .freta (fre′tum, -ta)

A strait; a constriction. [L.]

Freud
Freud

Sigmund, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist, 1856–1939, founder of psychoanalysis. See freudian, freudian fixation, freudian psychoanalysis, freudian slip, F. theory.

freudian
freudian (froyd′e-an)

Relating to or described by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939).
f. slip a mistake in speech or deed that presumably suggests some underlying motive, often sexual or aggressive in nature.

Freund
Freund

Jules, U.S. bacteriologist, 1891–1960. See F. complete adjuvant, F. incomplete adjuvant.

Freund
Freund

Wilhelm A., German gynecologist, 1833–1918. See F. anomaly, F. operation.

Frey
Frey

Max von, German physician, 1852–1932. See F. hairs, under hair.

Frey
Frey

Lucie, Polish physician, 1852–1932. See F. syndrome.

FRH
FRH

Abbreviation for follitropin-releasing hormone.

friable
friable (fri′a-bl)

1. Easily reduced to powder. 2. In bacteriology, denoting a dry and brittle culture falling into powder when touched or shaken. [L. friabilis, fr. frio, to crumble]

fricative
fricative (frik′a-tiv)

Speech sound made by forcing the air stream through a narrow orifice, created by apposition of the teeth, tongue, and lips in producing consonant phonemes such as f, v, s, and z.

friction
friction (frik′shun)

1. The act of rubbing the surface of an object against that of another; especially rubbing the limbs of the body to aid the circulation. 2. The force required for relative motion of two bodies that are in contact. [L. frictio, fr. frico, to rub]
dynamic f. the force that must be overcome to maintain steady motion of one body relative to another because they remain in contact. Cf.:starting f..
starting f. the force that must be overcome to initiate the motion of one body relative to another because they have been resting in contact. Cf.:dynamic f.. SYN: static f..
static f. SYN: starting f..

Friderichsen
Friderichsen

Carl, Danish physician, *1886. See Waterhouse-F. syndrome, F.-Waterhouse syndrome.

Friedländer
Friedländer

Carl, German pathologist, 1847–1887. See F. bacillus, F. pneumonia, F. stain for capsules.

Friedman
Friedman

Emanuel A., U.S. obstetrician, *1926. See F. curve.

Friedreich
Friedreich

Nikolaus, German neurologist, 1825–1882. See F. ataxia, F. phenomenon, F. sign.

Friend
Friend

Charlotte, U.S. microbiologist, 1921–1987. See F. disease, F. virus, F. leukemia virus.

frigid
frigid (frij′id)

1. SYN: cold. 2. Temperamentally, especially sexually, cold or irresponsive. [L. frigidus, cold]

frigidity
frigidity (fri-jid′i-te)

1. Impotence in the female. 2. The state of being frigid (2); female sexual inadequacy ranging from the freudian concept of inability to achieve orgasm to any degree of sexual response considered unsatisfactory by either the female or her partner.

frigorific
frigorific (frig-o-rif′ik)

Producing cold. [L. frigus, cold, + facio, to make]

frigorism
frigorism (frig′o-rizm)

SYN: cryopathy. [L. frigus, cold]

fringe
fringe (frinj)

SYN: fimbria (1) .
costal f. an irregularly disposed collection of visible veins seen in the skin of people usually of or past middle age; it has no specific connection with any deep structure, such as the diaphragm, and no necessary connection with underlying visceral disease. SYN: zona corona.
synovial f. SYN: synovial villi, under villus.

frit
frit (frit)

1. The material from which the glaze for artificial teeth is made. 2. A powdered pigment material used in coloring the porcelain of artificial teeth. [Fr. f., fried]

Fritsch
Fritsch

Heinrich, German gynecologist, 1844–1915. See Bozeman-F. catheter.

Froehde
Froehde

A., 19th century German chemist. See F. reagent.

frog
frog (frog)

An amphibian in the order Anura, which includes the toads; the commonest f. genera are Rana (grass frogs) and Hyla (tree frogs). [A.S. frogge]

Fröhlich
Fröhlich

Alfred, Austrian neurologist and pharmacologist, 1871–1953. See F. dwarfism, F. syndrome.

Frohn
Frohn

Damianus, German physician, *1843. See F. reagent.

Froin
Froin

Georges, French physician, 1874–1932. See F. syndrome.

frôlement
frôlement (frol-mon′)

1. Light friction or massage with the palm of the hand. 2. A rustling sound heard in auscultation. [Fr.]

Froment
Froment

Jules, Lyon physician, 1878–1946. See F. sign.

Frommel
Frommel

Richard, German gynecologist, 1854–1912. See Chiari-F. syndrome.

frons
frons, gen. frontis (fronz, fron′tis) [TA]

SYN: forehead. [L.]

front
front (frunt)

The position of the leading edge of the solvent in chromatography.

frontad
frontad (frun′tad)

Toward the front.

frontal
frontal (frun′tal) [TA]

1. In front; relating to the anterior part of a body. 2. Referring to the f. (coronal) plane or to the f. bone or forehead. SYN: frontalis [TA] .

frontalis
frontalis (frun-ta′lis) [TA]

SYN: frontal. [L.]

frontomalar
frontomalar (frun′to-ma′lar)

SYN: frontozygomatic.

frontomaxillary
frontomaxillary (frun′to-mak′si-la-re)

Relating to the frontal and the maxillary bones.

frontonasal
frontonasal (frun′to-na′zal)

Relating to the frontal and the nasal bones.

fronto-occipital
fronto-occipital (frun′to-ok-sip′i-tal)

Relating to the frontal and the occipital bones, or to the forehead and the occiput.

frontoparietal
frontoparietal (frun′to-pa-ri′e-tal)

Relating to the frontal and the parietal bones.

frontotemporal
frontotemporal (frun-to-tem′po-ral)

Relating to the frontal and the temporal bones.

frontotemporale
frontotemporale (frun′to-tem-po-ra′le)

A craniometric point located at the most anterior point of the temporal line on the frontal bone.

frontozygomatic
frontozygomatic (frun′to-zi′go-mat′ik)

Relating to the frontal and zygomatic bones. SYN: frontomalar.

Froriep
Froriep

August von, German anatomist, 1849–1917. See F. ganglion.

frost
frost

A deposit resembling that of frozen vapor or dew.
urea f., uremic f. powdery deposits on the skin, especially the face, including urea and uric acid salts, due to excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the sweat; seen in severe uremia. SYN: uridrosis crystallina.

Frost
Frost

Albert D., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1889–1945. See F. suture.

Frost
Frost

Wade H., U.S. epidemiologist, 1880–1938. See Reed-F. model.

Frost
Frost

William A., English ophthalmologist, 1853–1935.

frostbite
frostbite (frost′bit)

Local tissue destruction resulting from exposure to extreme cold; in mild cases, it results in superficial, reversible freezing followed by erythema and slight pain (frostnip); in severe cases, it can be painless or paresthetic and result in blistering, persistent edema, and gangrene. F. is currently treated by rapid rewarming.

frottage
frottage (fro-tahzh′)

1. The rubbing movement in massage. 2. Production of sexual excitement by rubbing against someone. [F. a rubbing]

frotteur
frotteur (fro-tuhr′)

One who gets sexual excitement through frottage.

FRS
FRS

Abbreviation for first rank symptoms, under symptom.

F.R.S.
F.R.S.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal Society.

F.R.S.C.
F.R.S.C.

Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal Society (Canada).

Fru
Fru

Symbol for fructose.

fructan
fructan (fruk′tan)

SYN: fructosan (1) .

fructo- fructo-

Chemical prefix denoting the fructose configuration. [L. fructus, fruit]

fructofuranose
fructofuranose (fruk-to-foor′a-nos, fruk-)

Fructose in furanose form.

fructokinase
fructokinase (fruk-to-ki′nas, fruk-)

A liver enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of ATP and d-fructose to form fructose 6-phosphate and ADP; deficient in individuals with essential fructosuria (hepatic f. deficiency).

fructolysis
fructolysis (fruk-to′li-sis)

The conversion of fructose to lactate; analogous to glycolysis.

fructosan
fructosan (fruk′to-san, fruk-)

1. A polysaccharide of fructose ( e.g., inulin) containing small amounts of other sugars; present in certain tubers. SYN: fructan, levan, levulan, levulin, levulosan, polyfructose. 2. 2,6-Anhydrofructofuranose.

fructose
fructose (Fru) (fruk′tos, fruk-)

The d-isomer (also referred to as fruit sugar, levoglucose, levulose, and d-arabino-2-hexulose) is a 2-ketohexose that is physiologically the most important of the ketohexoses and one of the two products of sucrose hydrolysis; it is metabolized or converted to glycogen in the absence of insulin. [L. fructus, fruit, + -ose]

fructose-bisphosphatase
fructose-bisphosphatase

A hydrolase that catalyzes conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to d-fructose 6-phosphate and orthophosphate in gluconeogenesis; AMP is an allosteric inhibitor; f. deficiency results in problems with impaired gluconeogenesis; there is a similar enzyme that acts on fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.

fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

A key intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. SYN: hexosebisphosphatase, hexosediphosphatase.

fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

An analog of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate that plays a key role in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; activates phosphofructokinase and inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate triophosphate-lyase;an enzyme reversibly cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; also acts on certain ketose 1-phosphates; deficient in individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance (aldolase B); a deficiency of aldolase A leads to erythrocyte aldolase deficiency with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Cf.:hereditary fructose intolerance. SYN: 1-phosphofructaldolase, fructose-diphosphate aldolase.

fructose-diphosphate aldolase
fructose-diphosphate aldolase

SYN: fructose-bisphosphate aldolase.

fructosemia
fructosemia (fruk-to-se′me-a, fruk-)

Presence of fructose in the circulating blood. SEE ALSO: hereditary fructose intolerance. SYN: levulosemia.

fructose 1-phosphate
fructose 1-phosphate

A fructose derivative that accumulates in individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance.

fructose 6-phosphate
fructose 6-phosphate

An intermediate in glycolysis and in transketolation of erythrose 4-phosphate. SYN: Neuberg ester.

fructoside
fructoside (fruk′to-sid, fruk′)

Fructose in &cbond;C&cbond;O&cbond; linkage where the &cbond;C&cbond;O&cbond; group is the original 2-group of the fructose.

fructosuria
fructosuria (fruk-to-soo′re-a, fruk-)

Excretion of fructose in the urine. SYN: levulosuria. [fructose + G. ouron, urine]
benign f. SYN: essential f..
essential f. [MIM*229800] a benign, asymptomatic inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of fructokinase, the first enzyme in the specific fructose pathway; fructose appears in the blood and urine, but is simply excreted unchanged; autosomal recessive inheritance. A fructokinase deficiency. SEE ALSO: hereditary fructose intolerance. SYN: benign f., fructokinase deficiency.

fructosyl- fructosyl-

Chemical prefix indicating fructose in &cbond;C&cbond;R&cbond; (not &cbond;C&cbond;O&cbond;R&cbond;) linkage through its carbon-2 (R is usually C).

frusemide
frusemide (froo′se-mid)

SYN: furosemide.

frustration
frustration (frus′tra′shun)

A psychologic or psychiatric term indicating the thwarting of or inability to gratify a desire or to satisfy an urge or need. [L. frustro, pp. -atus, to deceive, disappoint, fr. frustra (adv.), in vain]

FSH
FSH

Abbreviation for follicle-stimulating hormone.

ft.
ft.

Abbreviation for L. fiat, let it be done (made); abbreviation for foot or feet.

FTA-ABS
FTA-ABS

Abbreviation for fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption. See fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test.

FTI
FTI

Abbreviation for free thyroxine index.

Fuc
Fuc

Abbreviation for fucose.

Fuchs
Fuchs

Ernst, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1851–1930. See F. adenoma, angle of F., F. heterochromic cyclitis, F. coloboma, F. endothelial dystrophy, F. black spot, F. spur, F. stomas, under stoma, F. syndrome, F. uveitis, Dalen-F. nodules, under nodule.

fuchsin
fuchsin (fuk′sin)

A nonspecific term referring to any of several red rosanilin dyes used as stains in histology and bacteriology. [Leonhard Fuchs, German botantist, 1501–1506]
acid f. [C.I. 42685] a mixture of the sodium salts bi- and trisulfonic acids of rosanilin and pararosanilin; used as an indicator dye and for staining of cytoplasm and collagen. SYN: rubin S, rubine.
aldehyde f. a stain developed by Gomori, utilizing basic f. paraldehyde and hydrochloric acid; it produces violet staining of elastic fibers, mast cell granules, gastric chief cells, beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and certain hypophyseal beta granules; other pituitary granules and cells stain in other colors. SEE ALSO: Gomori aldehyde f. stain.
aniline f. a mixture of aniline and basic f. in 30% ethanol with a trace of phenol, as in Goodpasture stain.
basic f. [C.I. 42500] a triphenylmethane dye whose dominant component is pararosanilin; an important stain in histology, histochemistry, and bacteriology. SYN: diamond f..
carbol f. carbol-f. paint, Ziehl stain.
diamond f. SYN: basic f..

fuchsinophil
fuchsinophil (fuk′si-no-fil)

1. Staining readily with fuchsin dyes. SYN: fuchsinophilic. 2. A cell or histologic element that stains readily with fuchsin. [fuchsin + G. philos, fond]

fuchsinophilia
fuchsinophilia (fuk′si-no-fil′e-a)

The property of staining readily with fuchsin.

fuchsinophilic
fuchsinophilic (fuk′si-no-fil′ik)

SYN: fuchsinophil (1) .

fucose
fucose (Fuc) (fu′kos)

6-Deoxygalactose;a methylpentose, the l-configuration of which occurs in the mucopolysaccharides of the blood group substances, in human milk (as a polysaccharide), and elsewhere in nature. The d-configuration has been found in certain antibiotics and in certain plant glycosides. SYN: rhodeose.

fucosidosis
fucosidosis (fu′ko-si-do′sis) [MIM*230000]

A metabolic storage disease characterized by accumulation of fucose-containing glycolipids and deficiency of the enzyme α-fucosidase; progressive neurologic deterioration begins after the first year of life, accompanied by spasticity, tremor, and mild skeletal changes; autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutation in the α-1-fucosidase gene on chromosome 1.

FUDR
FUDR

Abbreviation for fluorodeoxyuridine. See floxuridine.

fugacity
fugacity (f) (foo-gas′i-te)

The tendency of the molecules in a fluid, as a result of all forces acting on them, to leave a given site in the body; the escaping tendency of a fluid, as in diffusion, evaporation, etc. [L. fuga, flight]

-fugal -fugal

Movement away from the part indicated by the main portion of the word. [L. fugio, to flee]

-fuge -fuge

Flight, denoting the place from which flight takes place or that which is put to flight. [L. fuga a running away]

fugitive
fugitive (fu′ji-tiv)

1. Temporary; transient. 2. Fleeting; denoting certain inconstant symptoms. [L. fugitivus, fleeing, fr. fugio, pp. fugitus, to flee]

fugue
fugue (fug)

A condition in which an individual suddenly abandons a present activity or lifestyle and starts a new and different one for a period of time, often in a different city; afterward, the individual alleges amnesia for events occurring during the f. period, although earlier events are remembered and habits and skills are usually unaffected. [Fr. fr. L. fuga, flight]

fugutoxin
fugutoxin (foo′goo-tok-sin)

The potent poison derived from the ovaries and skin of the Pacific pufferfish. SEE ALSO: tetrodotoxin.

Fukase
Fukase

Masaichi. See Crow-F. syndrome.

fulcrum
fulcrum, pl .fulcrafulcrums (ful′krum, -kra, -krumz)

A support or the point thereon on which a lever turns. [L. a bedpost, fr. fulcio, to prop up]

fulgurant
fulgurant (ful′gu-rant)

Sharp and piercing. Cf.:fulminant. SYN: fulgurating (1) . [L. fulgur, flashing lightning]

fulgurating
fulgurating (ful′gu-ra-ting)

1. SYN: fulgurant. 2. Relating to fulguration.

fulguration
fulguration (ful-gu-ra′shun)

Destruction of tissue by means of a high-frequency electric current: direct f. utilizes an insulated electrode with a metal point, which is connected to the uniterminal of the high-frequency apparatus, from which a spark of electricity is allowed to impinge on the area to be treated; indirect f. involves directly connecting the patient by a metal handle to the uniterminal and utilizing an active electrode to complete an arc from the patient. [L. fulgur, lightning stroke]

fulminant
fulminant (ful′mi-nant)

Occurring suddenly, with lightning-like rapidity, and with great intensity or severity; applied to certain pains, e.g., those of tabes dorsalis. Cf.:fulgurant. [L. fulmino, pp. -atus, to hurl lightning, fr. fulmen, lightning]

fulminating
fulminating (ful′mi-na′ting)

Running a rapid course, worsening quickly.

fumarase
fumarase (fu′ma-ras)

SYN: fumarate hydratase.

fumarate hydratase
fumarate hydratase (fu′ma-rat)

An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of fumarate and water to malate, a reaction of importance in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A deficiency will lead to mental retardation. SYN: fumarase.

fumarate reductase (NADH)
fumarate reductase (NADH)

SYN: succinate dehydrogenase.

fumaric acid
fumaric acid (fu-mar′ik)

trans-Butanedioic acid;an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid occurring as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

fumaric acidemia
fumaric acidemia

Elevated levels of fumarate in blood plasma; due to a decrease in activity of fumarate hydratase.

fumaric aminase
fumaric aminase

SYN: aspartate ammonia-lyase.

fumaric hydrogenase
fumaric hydrogenase

SYN: succinate dehydrogenase.

fumarylacetoacetate
fumarylacetoacetate (fu-ma′ril-as-e′to-as-e-tat)

An intermediate in phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism; elevated in tyrosinemia IA.
f. hydrolase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of f. to fumarate and acetoacetate; a deficiency indicates tyrosinemia IA.

fumigant
fumigant (fu′mi-gant)

A substance utilized in fumigation.

fumigate
fumigate (fu′mi-gat)

To expose to the action of smoke or of fumes of any kind as a means of disinfection or eradication. [L. fumigo pp. -atus, to f., fr. fumus, smoke, + ago, to drive]

fumigation
fumigation (fu-mi-ga′shun)

The act of fumigating; the use of a fumigant.

fuming
fuming (fum′ing)

Giving forth a visible vapor, a property of concentrated nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids, and certain other substances. [L. fumus, smoke]

functio laesa
functio laesa (fungk′she-o le′sa)

Impaired function; a fifth sign of inflammation added by Galen to those enunciated by Celsus (rubor, tumor, calor, and dolor). [L.]

function
function (fungk′shun)

1. The special action or physiologic property of an organ or other part of the body. 2. To perform its special work or office, said of an organ or other part of the body. 3. The general properties of any substance, depending on its chemical character and relation to other substances, according to which it may be grouped among acids, bases, alcohols, esters, etc. 4. A particular reactive grouping in a molecule; e.g., a functional group, such as the –OH group of an alcohol. 5. A quality, trait, or fact that is so related to another as to be dependent upon and to vary with this other. 6. A mathematical variable or expression. [L. functio, fr. fungor, pp. functus, to perform]
allomeric f. the combined f. of the several segments of the spinal cord and medulla, communicating with each other by means of the white matter.
arousal f. the ability of a sensory event to arouse the cortex to vigilance or readiness.
atrial transport f. the role of the atria in filling and stretching the ventricles by their presystolic contraction, without which the force of ventricular contraction and hence the cardiac output may significantly decrease.
discriminant f. a particular combination of continuous variable test results designed to achieve separation of groups; e.g., a single number representing a combination of weighted laboratory test results designed to discriminate between clinical classes.
isomeric f. the individual f. of an isolated segment of the spinal cord.
line spread f. (LSF) a measure of the ability of a system to form sharp images; in radiology, determined by measuring the spatial density distribution on film of the x-ray image of a narrow slit in a dense metal, such as uranium; from this can be calculated the modulation transfer f..
modulation transfer f. (MTF) in testing radionuclide detectors or radiographic systems, the efficiency, at each spatial frequency, of reproducing the variation (contrast) in the object density or signal in the image; it is an expression of spatial resolution and is used to evaluate imaging systems and their components; the integral of the line spread f.; also known as the frequency response f. or contrast transmission f.; usually given as a plot of percentage amplitude response versus frequency in cycles per millimeter.

functional
functional (funk′shun-al)

1. Relating to a function. 2. Not organic in origin; denoting a disorder with no known or detectable organic basis to explain the symptoms. See neurosis.

functionalism
functionalism (funk′shun-al-izm)

A branch of psychology concerned with the function of mental processes in humans and animals, especially the role of the mind, intellect, emotions, and behavior in an individual's adaptation to the environment. Cf.:structuralism.

function corrector
function corrector

A removable orthodontic appliance utilizing oral and facial muscle forces to move teeth and possibly change the relationship of the dental arches.

fundament
fundament (fun′da-ment)

1. A foundation. 2. The anus. [L. fundamentum, foundation, fr. fundus, bottom]

fundectomy
fundectomy (fun-dek′to-me)

SYN: fundusectomy. [fundus + G. ektome, excision]

fundic
fundic (fun′dik)

Relating to a fundus.

fundiform
fundiform (fun′di-form)

Looped; sling-shaped. [L. funda, a sling, + forma, shape]

fundoplication
fundoplication (fun′do-pli-ka′shun)

Suture of the fundus of the stomach completely or partially around the gastroesophageal junction to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease; can be performed by open abdominal or thoracic operation, but increasingly by laparoscopy. [fundus + L. plico, to fold]
Belsey f. partial (270°) f. performed via thoracotomy. SYN: Belsey Mark operation, Belsey procedure.
Collis-Belsey f. SYN: Collis-Nissen f..
Collis-Nissen f. operation for f. in the presence of a shortened esophagus; the esophagus is lengthened by tubular stapling of the gastric cardia, and the f. is then performed around this neo-esophagus. SYN: Collis-Belsey f., Collis-Belsey procedure.
Dor f. a partial (180°) and anterior f., popular in Europe and South America and most often used along with a myotomy for the treatment of achalasia.
Nissen f. complete (360°) f.; can be done via abdominal or thoracic approach; currently most often performed laparoscopically. SYN: Nissen operation.
Toupet f. a partial posterior f., in which the stomach edge is secured to the esophagus; modifications of Toupet f. are commonly used for laparoscopic f..

fundus
fundus, pl .fundi (fun′dus, di) [TA]

The bottom or lowest part of a sac or hollow organ; that part farthest removed from the opening or exit; occasionally a broad cul-de-sac. [L. bottom]
f. albipunctatus [MIM*136880] a nonprogressive disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium characterized by numerous discrete, white dots; night blindness is a feature; autosomal dominant and recessive forms have been suggested.
f. of bladder [TA] the f. is formed by the posterior wall that is somewhat convex. SYN: f. vesicae urinariae [TA] , bas-fond, base of bladder, f. of urinary bladder.
f. diabeticus SYN: diabetic retinopathy.
f. flavimaculatus [MIM*228980] a genetic disorder of the pigment epithelium of the retina manifested by yellowish white flecks; some loss of central vision is involved; probably autosomal recesssive.
f. of gallbladder [TA] the wide closed end of the gallbladder situated at the inferior border of the liver. SYN: f. vesicae biliaris [TA] , f. vesicae felleae&star.
f. gastricus [TA] SYN: f. of stomach.
f. of internal acoustic meatus [TA] lateral end of the internal acoustic meatus, the wall of which is formed by the thin cribriform plate of bone separating the cochlea and vestibule from the internal acoustic meatus; a transverse crest divides the f. into two regions; in the superior region are located the facial nerve area and the superior vestibular area; in the inferior region are located the cochlear area, inferior vestibular area, and singular foramen. SYN: f. meatus acustici interni [TA] , f. of internal auditory meatus.
f. of internal auditory meatus SYN: f. of internal acoustic meatus.
leopard f. SYN: tessellated f..
f. meatus acustici interni [TA] SYN: f. of internal acoustic meatus.
mosaic f. SYN: tessellated f..
f. oculi the portion of the interior of the eyeball around the posterior pole, visible through the ophthalmoscope. See eyegrounds.
pepper and salt f. ophthalmoscopic appearance of the f. caused by choriocapillaris atrophy and pigment proliferation.
f. polycythemicus the engorged, dilated veins, with cyanotic retina, occurring in erythremia.
f. of stomach [TA] the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch. SYN: f. gastricus [TA] , f. ventriculi, greater cul-de-sac.
tessellated f. a normal f. to which a deeply pigmented choroid gives the appearance of dark polygonal areas between the choroidal vessels, especially in the periphery. SYN: f. tigré, leopard f., leopard retina, mosaic f., tigroid f., tigroid retina.
f. tigré SYN: tessellated f..
tigroid f. SYN: tessellated f..
f. tympani SYN: jugular wall of middle ear.
f. of urinary bladder SYN: f. of bladder.
f. uteri [TA] SYN: f. of uterus.
f. of uterus [TA] the upper rounded extremity of the uterus above the openings of the uterine (fallopian) tubes. SYN: f. uteri [TA] .
f. ventriculi SYN: f. of stomach.
f. vesicae biliaris [TA] SYN: f. of gallbladder.
f. vesicae felleae f. of gallbladder.
f. vesicae urinariae [TA] SYN: f. of bladder.

funduscope
funduscope (fun′dus-skop)

SYN: ophthalmoscope. [L. fundus, bottom, + G. skopeo, to view]

funduscopy
funduscopy (fun-dus′ko-pe)

SYN: ophthalmoscopy.

fundusectomy
fundusectomy (fun-du-sek′to-me)

Excision of the fundus of an organ. SYN: fundectomy. [L. fundus, + G. ektome, excision]

fungal
fungal (fung′gal)

SYN: fungous.

fungate
fungate (fung′gat)

To grow exuberantly like a fungus or spongy growth.

fungemia
fungemia (fun-je′me-a)

Fungal infection disseminated by way of the bloodstream.

Fungi
Fungi (fun′ji)

A division of eukaryotic organisms that grow in irregular masses, without roots, stems, or leaves, and are devoid of chlorophyll or other pigments capable of photosynthesis. Each organism (thallus) is unicellular to filamentous, and possesses branched somatic structures (hyphae) surrounded by cell walls containing glucan or chitin or both, and containing true nuclei. They reproduce sexually or asexually (spore formation), and may obtain nutrition from other living organisms as parasites or from dead organic matter as saprobes (saprophytes). [L. fungus, a mushroom]

fungi
fungi (fun′ji)

Plural of fungus.

fungicidal
fungicidal (fun-ji-si′dal)

Having a killing action on fungi. [fungus + L. caedo, to kill]

fungicide
fungicide (fun′ji-sid)

Any substance that has a destructive killing action upon fungi. SYN: mycocide.

fungicidin
fungicidin (fun-ji-si′din)

SYN: nystatin.

fungiform
fungiform (fun′ji-form)

Shaped like a fungus or mushroom; applied to any structure with a broad, often branched, free portion and a narrower base. SYN: fungilliform.

Fungi Imperfecti
Fungi Imperfecti (fun′ji im-per-fek′ti)

A phylum of fungi in which sexual reproduction is not known or in which one of the mating types has not yet been discovered. Formerly, most fungi causing disease in humans were considered asexual and were placed in this class, but studies have revealed that many are not imperfect and that in their sexual forms they can be classified as ascomycetes or basidiomycetes.

fungilliform
fungilliform (fun-jil′i-form)

SYN: fungiform. [Mod L. fungillus, dim. of L. fungus]

fungistat
fungistat (fun′ji-stat)

An agent having fungistatic action.

fungistatic
fungistatic (fun-ji-stat′ik)

Having an inhibiting action upon the growth of fungi. SYN: mycostatic. [fungus + G. statos, standing]

fungitoxic
fungitoxic (fun-ji-tok′sik)

Poisonous or in any way deleterious to the growth of fungi.

fungitoxicity
fungitoxicity (fun′ji-tok-sis′i-te)

The property of being fungitoxic.

fungoid
fungoid (fung′goyd)

Resembling a fungus; denoting an exuberant morbid growth on the surface of the body.

fungous
fungous (fung′gus)

Relating to a fungus. SYN: fungal.

fungus
fungus, pl .fungi (fung′gus, fun′ji)

A general term used to encompass the diverse morphologic forms of yeasts and molds. Originally classified as primitive plants without chlorophyll, the fungi are placed in the kingdom Fungi and some in the kingdom Protista, along with the algae (all but the blue-green algae), the protozoa, and the slime molds. Fungi share with bacteria the important ability to break down complex organic substances of almost every type (cellulose) and are essential to the recycling of carbon and other elements in the cycle of life. Fungi are important as foods and to the fermentation process in the development of substances of industrial and medical importance, including alcohol, the antibiotics, other drugs, and foods. Relatively few fungi are pathogenic for humans, whereas most plant diseases are caused by fungi. [L. f., a mushroom]
f. cerebri an ulcerated cerebral hernia with granulation tissue protruding from scalp wound.
dematiaceous fungi (de-mat′e-a-ce-ous) dark fungi that form melanin. [Mod. L. Dematium (genus name), fr. g. demation, fine strand, fr. dema, band, fr. deo, to bind + suffix -aceous, characterized by]
imperfect f. a f. in which the means of sexual reproduction is not yet recognized; these fungi generally reproduce by means of conidia.
perfect f. a f. possessing both sexual and asexual means of reproduction, and in which both mating forms are recognized.
ray f. a bacterium of the order Actinomycetales.
thrush f. SYN: Candida albicans.
umbilical f. a mass of granulation tissue on the stump of the umbilical cord in the newborn.
yeast f. obsolete term for Saccharomyces.

funic
funic (few′nik)

Relating to the funis, or umbilical cord. SYN: funicular (2) .

funicle
funicle (fu′ni-kl)

SYN: cord.

funicular
funicular (fu-nik′u-lar)

1. Relating to a funiculus. 2. SYN: funic.

funiculitis
funiculitis (fu-nik′u-li′tis)

1. Inflammation of a funiculus, especially of the spermatic cord. 2. Inflammation of the umbilical cord usually associated with chorioamnionitis. [funiculus + G. -itis, inflammation]
endemic f. SYN: filarial f..
filarial f. cellulitis of the spermatic cord due to filariasis; occurs endemically in Sri Lanka and Egypt, and probably elsewhere in the East. SYN: endemic f..

funiculus
funiculus, pl .funiculi (fu-nik′u-lus, -li) [TA]

SYN: cord. [L. dim. of funis, cord]
anterior f. [TA] anterior white column of spinal cord, a column or bundle of white matter on either side of the anterior median fissure, between that and the anterolateral sulcus. SYN: f. anterior [TA] , ventral f.&star.
f. anterior [TA] SYN: anterior f..
cuneate f. SYN: cuneate fasciculus.
dorsal f. posterior f..
f. dorsalis SYN: posterior f..
f. gracilis SYN: gracile fasciculus.
lateral f. [TA] the lateral white column of the spinal cord between the lines of exit and entrance of the anterior and posterior nerve roots. SYN: f. lateralis [TA] , anterolateral column of spinal cord, lateral f. of spinal cord.
f. lateralis [TA] SYN: lateral f..
lateral f. of spinal cord SYN: lateral f..
funiculi medullae spinalis [TA] the three major white columns of the spinal cord.
posterior f. posterior white column of the spinal cord, the large wedge-shaped fiber bundle lying between the posterior gray column and the posterior median septum, and composed largely of dorsal root fibers. SYN: f. posterior [TA] , dorsal f.&star, f. dorsalis.
f. posterior [TA] SYN: posterior f..
f. separans [TA] an oblique ridge in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, separating the area postrema from the vagal trigone.
f. solitarius SYN: solitary tract.
f. spermaticus [TA] SYN: spermatic cord.
f. teres SYN: medial eminence.
f. umbilicalis SYN: umbilical cord.
ventral f. anterior f..

funiform
funiform (fu′ni-form)

Ropelike. [L. funis, cord, + forma, shape]

funipuncture
funipuncture (fu-ne-punk-chur)

SYN: cordocentesis. [L. funis, cord, + puncture]

funis
funis (fu′nis)

1. SYN: umbilical cord. 2. A cordlike structure. [L. a rope, cord]

funisitis
funisitis (fu-ne-si-tis)

Inflammation of the umbilical cord. [funis + -itis]

funnel
funnel (fun′el)

1. A hollow conical vessel with a tube of variable length proceeding from its apex, used in pouring fluids from one container to another, in filtering, etc. 2. In anatomy, an infundibulum.
Büchner f. a porcelain f. that contains a perforated porcelain plate upon which filter paper can be laid.
Martegiani f. the f.-shaped dilation on the optic disk that indicates the beginning of the hyaloid canal. SYN: Martegiani area.
pial f. the pia-lined channel in which each blood vessel entering the brain lies suspended; essentially, the pial funnels are perivascular extensions of the subarachnoid space.

FUO
FUO

Abbreviation for fever of unknown origin.

fur
fur (fer)

1. The coat of soft, fine hair of some mammals. 2. A layer of epithelial debris and fungal elements on the dorsum of the tongue. It is related more to neglected oral hygiene than to an underlying disease process. [M.E. furre, fr. O.Fr., fr. Germanic]

fura-2
fura-2 (foo′ra)

A fluorescent indicator which binds calcium; it is excited at longer wavelengths when free of calcium than when calcium is bound; the ratio of fluorescence intensity at two excitation wavelengths provides a measure of free calcium ion concentration; may be injected into cells to monitor moment-to-moment changes in intracellular free calcium ion concentration. SEE ALSO: aequorin.

furaltadone
furaltadone (fu-ral′ta-don)

An antibacterial agent.

furan
furan (fur′an)

1. A cyclic compound found, usually in saturated form, in those sugars with an oxygen bridge between carbon atoms 1 and 4, or 2 and 5, or 3 and 7, for which reason they are known as furanoses. 2. Oxa-2,4-cyclopentadiene.

furanose
furanose (fur′a-nos)

A saccharide unit or molecule containing the furan cyclic structure; specific examples are preceded by prefixes indicating the configuration, e.g., fructofuranose, ribofuranose. [furan + -ose(1)]

furazolidone
furazolidone (fu-ra-zol′i-don)

Has antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity against enteric organisms; used in the treatment of bacterial enteritis and diarrhea.

furcal
furcal (fer′kal)

Forked.

furcation
furcation (fur-ka′shun)

1. A forking, or a forklike part or branch. 2. In dental histology, the region of a multirooted tooth at which the roots divide. [L. furca, fork]

furcula
furcula (fer′ku-la)

1. The fused clavicles, which form the V-shaped bone (wishbone) of the bird's skeleton. 2. In the embryo, an inverted U-shaped elevation that appears on the ventral wall of the pharynx, being formed by the two linear ridges and the caudal part of the hypobranchial eminence; the depression enclosed by the U is the laryngotracheal groove. [L. a forked prop, dim. of furca, a fork]

furfur
furfur, pl .furfures (fer′fer, fer′fu-rez)

An epidermal scale; e.g., dandruff. [L. bran]

furfuraceous
furfuraceous (fer-fu-ra′shus)

Branny, or composed of small scales; denoting a form of desquamation. SYN: pityroid. [L. furfuraceus, fr. furfur, bran]

furfural
furfural (fer′fur-al)

C₄H₃O&cbond;CHO;a colorless, aromatic, irritating fluid obtained in the distillation of bran with dilute sulfuric acid; used in the manufacture of medicinal agents.

furfurol
furfurol (fer′fur-ol)

Misnomer for furfural and furfuryl alcohol.

furfuryl
furfuryl (fer′fu-ril)

The monovalent radical derived from f. alcohol by loss of the OH group.
f. alcohol 2-furanmethanol; 2-hydroxymethylfuran;a solvent and wetting agent.

furnace
furnace (fur′nas)

A stovelike apparatus containing a chamber for heating, melting, or fusing.
dental f. 1. a f. used to eliminate the wax pattern from the investment mold prior to casting in metal; 2. a f. used to fuse and glaze dental porcelains.
muffle f. 1. an electric f. heated by direct transfer of heat from a resistant muffle; 2. a dental f. heated by a muffle.

furosemide
furosemide (fu-ro′se-mid, -mid)

A diuretic used in edematous states and hypertension. SYN: frusemide.

furrow
furrow (fer′ro)

A groove or sulcus. [A.S. furh]
digital f. SYN: digital crease.
genital f. a groove on the genital tubercle in the embryo, appearing toward the end of the second month.
gluteal f. SYN: gluteal fold.
mentolabial f. SYN: mentolabial sulcus.
primitive f. SYN: primitive groove.
skin furrows SYN: skin sulci, under sulcus.

furuncle
furuncle (fu′rung-kl)

A localized pyogenic infection, most frequently by Staphylococcus aureus, originating deep in a hair follicle. SYN: boil, furunculus. [L. furunculus, a petty thief]

furunculosis
furunculosis (fu-rung-ku-lo′sis)

A condition marked by the presence of furuncles, often chronic and recurrent.

furunculus
furunculus, pl .furunculi (fu-rung′ku-lus, -li)

SYN: furuncle. [L. a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur, a thief]

Fusarium
Fusarium (fu-za′re-um)

A genus of rapidly growing fungi producing characteristic sickle-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia which can be mistaken for those produced by some dermatophytes. Usually saprobic, a few species such as F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. moniliforme can produce corneal ulcers; some species may cause disseminated infection. [L. fusus, spindle]

fuseau
fuseau (fe-zo)

A fusiform or spindle-shaped, multiseptate macroconidium. [Fr. spindle fr. L. fusus]

fusidate sodium
fusidate sodium (fu′si-dat)

The sodium salt of fusidic acid; has antibacterial properties. SYN: sodium fusidate.

fusidic acid
fusidic acid (fu-sid′ik)

A fermentation product of Fusidium coccineum, a parasitic fungus on the plant Veronica; inhibits protein synthesis and the accumulation of ppGpp. See fusidate sodium. SYN: ramycin.

fusiform
fusiform (fu′zi-form, fu′si-)

Spindle-shaped; tapering at both ends. [L. fusus, a spindle, + forma, form]

Fusiformis
Fusiformis (fu-si-for′mis)

An obsolete generic name sometimes used for the anaerobic fusiform bacteria found in the human mouth; these organisms are closely related to the anaerobic organisms found in the human intestine and have been placed in the genus Fusobacterium. [see fusiform]

fusimotor
fusimotor (fu′ze-mo′ter)

Pertaining to the efferent innervation of intrafusal muscle fibers by gamma motor neurons. SEE ALSO: neuromuscular spindle. [L. fusus, spindle, + moveo, to move]

fusin
fusin (fu′zin)

A G protein–linked receptor present on certain human cells that is thought to be required for HIV fusion with a target cell. [fuse, fr. L. fundo, pp. fusum, to melt, + -in]

fusion
fusion (fu′zhun)

1. Liquefaction, as by melting by heat. 2. Union, as by joining together; e.g., bone f.. 3. The blending of slightly different images from each eye into a single perception. 4. The joining of two or more adjacent teeth during their development by a dentinal union. SEE ALSO: concrescence. 5. Joining of two genes, often neighboring genes. 6. The joining of two bones into a single unit, thereby obliterating motion between the two. 7. The process in which two membranes are joined together. [L. fusio, a pouring, fr. fundo, pp. fusus, to pour]
bone block f. a method of fusing two bones in which a block of bone graft is placed between the two surfaces to obtain f. and correct preexisting deformity.
cell f. the merging of the contents of two cells by artificial means without the destruction of either, resulting in a heterokaryon that, for at least a few generations, will reproduce its kind; an important method in assignment of loci to chromosomes.
centric f. SYN: robertsonian translocation.
flicker f. critical flicker f. frequency.
nuclear f. the formation of more complex atomic nuclei from less complex nuclei with release of energy, as in the formation of helium nuclei from hydrogen nuclei (hydrogen f.).
spinal f., spine f. an operative procedure to accomplish bony ankylosis between two or more vertebrae. SYN: spondylosyndesis, vertebral f..
splenogonadal f. the formation of a mass consisting of splenic and testicular or ovarian tissue.
vertebral f. SYN: spinal f..

Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium (fu′zo-bak-ter′e-um)

A genus of bacteria (family Bacteroidaceae) containing Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, obligately anaerobic rods that produce butyric acid as a major metabolic product. These organisms are found in cavities of humans and other animals; some species are pathogenic. The type species is F. nucleatum. [L. fusus, a spindle, + bacterium]
F. mortiferum Sphaerophorus mortiferus;a bacterial species found in the gastrointestinal tract and associated with abdominal infections in humans.
F. necrophorum Sphaerophorus necrophorus;an unusually pleomorphic species causing or associated with several necrotic conditions in animals, such as calf diphtheria, labial necrosis of rabbits, necrotic rhinitis of pigs, foot rot of cattle, sheep, and goats, and occasionally necrotic lesions in humans. SYN: necrosis bacillus.
F. nucleatum a bacterial species (probably Plaut or Vincent bacillus) found in the mouth and in infections of the upper respiratory tract, pleural cavity, and occasionally the lower intestinal tract; it is the most common cause of human f. infection, and is the type species of the genus F..

fusocellular
fusocellular (fu′zo-sel′u-lar)

Spindle-celled.

fusospirochetal
fusospirochetal (fu-zo-spi-ro-ke′tal)

Referring to the associated fusiform and spirochetal organisms such as those found in the lesions of Vincent angina.

fustic
fustic (fus′tik)

A complex of natural dyes derived from certain West Indian, Central, and South American trees, Rhus cotinus and Chlorophora tinctoria; used as mordant dyes for textiles. An important dye in the complex is morin, which is associated with the dye maclurin.

fustigation
fustigation (fus′ti-ga′shun)

A form of massage consisting of beating the surface with light rods. [L. fustigo, pp. -atus, to beat with a cudgel]

Futcher
Futcher

Palmer Howard, U.S.-Canadian physician, *1910.

FVC
FVC

Abbreviation for forced vital capacity.

Fy blood group
Fy blood group

See Duffy blood group, Blood Groups Appendix.