V

1. Abbreviation for vision or visual acuity; volt; with subscript 1, 2, 3, etc., the abbreviation for unipolar electrocardiogram leads. 2. Symbol for vanadium; valine; valyl; volume, frequently with subscripts denoting location, chemical species, and/or conditions.

V
V

1. Symbol for gas flow, frequently with subscripts indicating location and chemical species. See flow (3) . 2. Symbol for ventilation (3) , frequently with a subscript. See entries under ventilation (3) . [volume + overdot denoting time derivative]

VT
V_T

Symbol for tidal volume.

VD
V_D

Symbol for physiologic dead space.

VCO2
V_CO2

Symbol for carbon dioxide elimination.

VO2
V_O2

Symbol for oxygen consumption.

VA
V_A

Symbol for alveolar ventilation.

V
V

Abbreviation for volume.

Vmax
V_max

Symbol for maximum velocity.

v
v

1. Abbreviation for volt; initial rate velocity; velocity; vel [L. or]. 2. As a subscript, refers to venous blood.

v
v

As a subscript, refers to mixed venous (pulmonary arterial) blood.

VA
VA

Abbreviation for ventriculoatrial.

VAC
VAC

Abbreviation for ventriculoatrial conduction.

vaccenic acid
vaccenic acid (vak-sen′ik)

An unsaturated fatty acid of which both cis and trans isomers are found in butter and other animal fats.

vaccina
vaccina (vak-sin′a)

SYN: vaccinia.

vaccinal
vaccinal (vak′si-nal)

Relating to vaccine or vaccination.

vaccinate
vaccinate (vak′si-nat)

To administer a vaccine.

vaccination
vaccination (vak′si-na′shun)

The act of administering a vaccine.

vaccinator
vaccinator (vak′si-na-tor)

1. A person who vaccinates. SYN: vaccinist. 2. A scarifier or other instrument used in vaccination.

vaccine
vaccine (vak′sen, vak-sen′)

Originally, the live v. (vaccinia, cowpox) virus inoculated in the skin as prophylaxis against smallpox and obtained from the skin of calves inoculated with seed virus. Usage has extended the meaning to include essentially any preparation intended for active immunologic prophylaxis; e.g., preparations of killed microbes of virulent strains or living microbes of attenuated (variant or mutant) strains; or microbial, fungal, plant, protozoal, or metazoan derivatives or products. Method of administration varies according to the v., inoculation being the most common, but ingestion is preferred in some instances and nasal spray is used occasionally. SYN: vaccinum. [L. vaccinus, relating to a cow]
adjuvant v. a v. that contains an adjuvant; the antigen (immunogen) is included in a water-in-oil emulsion (Freund incomplete type adjuvant), or is adsorbed onto an inorganic gel (alum, aluminum hydroxide or phosphate) or mixed with another material to prevent rapid elimination by the host.
aqueous v. a v. having a liquid vehicle ( e.g., physiologic salt solution) as distinguished from an emulsion.
attenuated v. live pathogens that have lost their virulence but are still capable of inducing a protective immune response to the virulent forms of the pathogen, e.g., Sabin polio v..
autogenous v. a v. made from a the patient's own microorganisms.
bacillus Calmette-Guérin v. SYN: BCG v..
BCG v. a suspension of an attenuated strain (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovine type, which is inoculated into the skin for tuberculosis prophylaxis. SYN: bacillus Calmette-Guérin v., Calmette-Guérin v., tuberculosis v..
brucella strain 19 v. a live bacterial v. prepared from an attenuated variant strain of Brucella abortus (strain 19); used for vaccinating cattle against brucellosis.
Calmette-Guérin v. SYN: BCG v..
cholera v. an inactivated suspension of Inaba and Ogawa strains of Vibrio cholerae grown either on agar or in broth and preserved with phenol.
crystal violet v. hog cholera vaccines.
diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v. (DTP) a v. available in three forms: 1) diphtheria and tetanus toxoids plus pertussis v. (DTP); 2) tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, adult type (Td); and 3) tetanus toxoid (T); used for active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
duck embryo origin v. (DEV) rabies v..
Flury strain v. rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage.
foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines vaccines either of inactivated virus from infected cattle tongue epithelium or, more recently, of live virus attenuated by embryonated egg or mouse passage and propagated in tissue culture.
Haemophilus influenzae type B v. a conjugate of oligosaccharides of the capsular antigen of H. influenzae type B and diphtheria CRM protein. SYN: Hib v..
Haffkine v. 1. a killed culture of Vibrio cholerae in two strengths, a weaker one for the initial inoculation and a stronger one for the second inoculation 7–10 days after the first; 2. a killed plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis) v..
hepatitis B v. originally a formalin-inactivated v. prepared from the surface antigen (HBsAg) of the hepatitis B virus; the antigen was formerly obtained from the plasma of human carriers of the virus; today in the U.S., purified HBsAg is now primarily prepared by recombinant DNA technology and is used almost exclusively for immunization.
heterogenous v. v. that is not autogenous, may be prepared from other species of bacterium.
Hib v. SYN: Haemophilus influenzae type B v..
high-egg-passage v., HEP v. rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage.
hog cholera vaccines vaccines either of virus from blood of infected swine, inactivated with crystal violet, or live virus attenuated in rabbits or tissue culture and frequently used in conjunction with hog cholera virus antiserum.
human diploid cell v. (HDCV) an iodinated virus v. used for protection against rabies v. usually prepared in the human diploid cell WI-38. SYN: human diploid cell rabies v..
human diploid cell rabies v. (HDCV) SYN: human diploid cell v..
inactivated poliovirus v. (IPV) poliovirus vaccines (2) .
influenza virus vaccines influenza virus grown in embryonated eggs and inactivated, usually by the addition of formalin; both whole virus and subunit preparations containing hemagglutinins and neuraminidase are used; because of the marked and progressive antigenic variation of the influenza viruses, the strains included are regularly changed following various outbreaks of influenza in order to include most recently isolated epidemic strains of both type A influenza and type B influenza.
live v. v. prepared from living, attenuated organisms.
live oral poliovirus v. poliovirus vaccines (2) .
low-egg-passage v., LEP v. rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage.
measles, mumps, and rubella v. (MMR) a combination of live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in an aqueous suspension; used for immunization against the respective diseases.
measles virus v. v. containing live, attenuated strains of measles virus prepared in chick embryo cell culture. See measles, mumps, and rubella v..
multivalent v. SYN: polyvalent v..
mumps virus v. v. containing live, attenuated mumps virus prepared in chick embryo cell cultures. See measles, mumps, and rubella v..
oil v. adjuvant v..
oral poliovirus v. (OPV) poliovirus vaccines (2) .
Pasteur v. rabies v..
pertussis v. diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v..
plague v. v. (licensed for use in the U.S.) prepared from cultures of Yersinia pestis, inactivated with formaldehyde, and preserved with 0.5% phenol; injections are made intramuscularly, and booster inoculations are recommended every 6–12 months while individuals remain in an area of risk; live, attenuated bacterial and chemical fraction vaccines are also available.
pneumococcal v. v. comprised of purified capsular polysaccharide antigen from 23 types of Streptococcus pneumoniae (representing those types responsible for most of the reported pneumococcal diseases in the U.S.); some types have been conjugated with protein to make them antigenic for children under 2 years.
poliomyelitis vaccines SYN: poliovirus vaccines.
poliovirus vaccines 1. inactivated poliovirus v. (IPV), an aqueous suspension of inactivated strains of poliomyelitis virus (types 1, 2, and 3) used by injection; has largely been replaced by the oral v.; See Salk v.. 2. oral poliovirus v. (OPV), an aqueous suspension of live, attenuated strains of poliomyelitis virus (types 1, 2, and 3) given orally for active immunization against poliomyelitis. See Sabin v.. SYN: poliomyelitis vaccines.
polysaccharide conjugated v. a v. made from the capsular polysaccharide of the microorganism conjugated with a protein such as the Haemophilus influenzae type B v. against meningitis.
polyvalent v. a v. prepared from cultures of two or more strains of the same species or microorganism. SYN: multivalent v..
rabies v. a v. introduced by Pasteur as a method of treatment for the bite of a rabid animal: daily (14–21) injections of virus that increased serially from noninfective to fully infective “fixed” virus were given to render the central nervous system refractory to infection by virulent virus; this v., with but slight modification ( e.g., Semple v.), was used for many years but had the serious defect that the large quantity of heterologous nervous tissue inoculated along with the virus occasionally gave rise to an allergic (immunologic) demyelinization. It was replaced, in the case of humans, by rabies v. of duck embryo origin (DEV), prepared from embryonated duck eggs infected with “fixed” virus and inactivated with β-propiolactone. At the present time DEV has been replaced by either human diploid cell v. (HDCV), which is grown in WI-38 cells or rabies v. adsorbed (RVA), which is grown in fetal Rhesus monkey cells. They both are inactivated and have a low incidence of adverse reactions and require fewer injections.
rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage 1. high-egg-passage (HEP) v.: living Flury strain rabies virus at the 180th to 190th level egg passage (embryonate eggs), used for vaccination of cattle and cats; 2. low-egg-passage (LEP) v.: at the 40th to 50th passage level, containing 10³–10⁴ mouse LD₅₀; nonpathogenic in dogs but retains some pathogenicity for cattle and cats.
rickettsia v., attenuated typhus v..
Rocky Mountain spotted fever v. suspension of inactivated Rickettsia rickettsii prepared by growing the rickettsiae in the embryonate yolk sac of fowl eggs.
rubella virus v., live a live virus v. originally prepared from duck embryos (HPV77) but now prepared from human diploid cell cultures infected with rubella virus (RA27/3); administered as a single subcutaneous injection. See measles, mumps, and rubella v..
Sabin v. an orally administered v. containing live, attenuated strains of poliovirus. See poliovirus vaccines.
Salk v. the original poliovirus v., composed of virus propagated in monkey kidney tissue culture and inactivated. See poliovirus vaccines.
Semple v. a modification of the original (Pasteur) rabies v., formerly widely used in the U.S., prepared from rabbit nerve tissue, inactivated with phenol and administered in 14–21 daily injections; has variable potency and is associated with a high incidence of postvaccinal demyelination.
smallpox v. v. of live vaccinia virus suspensions prepared from cutaneous vaccinial lesions of calves (calf lymph) or chick embryo origin; not currently used because of the worldwide elimination of smallpox.
split-virus v. subunit v..
staphylococcus v. a suspension of organisms from cultures of one or more strains of Staphylococcus; used for furunculosis, acne, and other suppurative conditions.
stock v. a v. made from a stock microbial strain, in contradistinction to an autogenous v..
subunit v. a v. which, through chemical extraction, is free of viral nucleic acid and contains only specific protein subunits of a given virus; such vaccines are relatively free of the adverse reactions ( e.g., influenza virus) associated with vaccines containing the whole virion.
T.A.B. v. SYN: typhoid-paratyphoid A and B v..
tetanus v. diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v..
tuberculosis v. SYN: BCG v..
typhoid v. a suspension of Salmonella typhi inactivated either by heat or by chemical (acetone) with an added preservative; in the U.S., the combined typhoid and paratyphoid A and B vaccines have been largely replaced by the monovalent typhoid v. because of the lack of evidence of effectiveness of paratyphoid A and paratyphoid B ingredients.
typhoid-paratyphoid A and B v. a suspension of killed typhoid and paratyphoid A and B bacilli. SEE ALSO: typhoid v.. SYN: T.A.B. v..
typhus v. a formaldehyde-inactivated suspension of Rickettsia prowazekii grown in embryonated eggs; effective against louse-borne (epidemic) typhus; primary immunization consists of two subcutaneous injections 4 or more weeks apart; booster doses are required every 6–12 months, as long as the possibility of exposure exists. A v. containing living rickettsiae of an attenuated strain of R. prowazekii has also been used.
whooping-cough v. diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v..
yellow fever v. 1. a living, attenuated strain (17D) of yellow fever virus propagated in embryonated fowl eggs; 2. a suspension of dried mouse brain infected with French neurotropic (Dakar) strain of yellow fever virus, administered topically by the scratch method; not officially recommended in the United States because of meningoencephalitic reactions.

vaccinia
vaccinia (vak-sin′e-a)

An infection, primarily local and limited to the site of inoculation, induced in humans by inoculation with the v. virus, type species in the genus Orthopoxvirus (family Poxviridae) in order to confer resistance to smallpox. On about the third day after this vaccination, papules form at the site of inoculation which become transformed into umbilicated vesicles and later pustules; they then dry up, and the scab falls off on about the 21st day, leaving a pitted scar; in some cases there are more or less marked constitutional disturbances. Because of the global elimination of smallpox, routine vaccination is not now practiced. SYN: primary reaction, vaccina, variola vaccine, variola v., variola v.. [L. vaccinus, relating to a cow, fr. vacca, a cow]
v. gangrenosa SYN: progressive v..
generalized v. secondary lesions of the skin following vaccination that may occur in subjects with previously healthy skin but are more common in the case of traumatized skin, especially in the case of eczema (eczema vaccinatum). In the latter instance, generalized v. may result from mere contact with a vaccinated person. Secondary vaccinial lesions may also occur following transfer of virus from the vaccination to another site by means of the fingers.
progressive v. a severe or even fatal form of v. occurring chiefly in subjects with an immunologic deficiency or dyscrasia and characterized by progressive enlargement of the initial and also of secondary lesions. SYN: v. gangrenosa.
variola v. SYN: v..

vaccinial
vaccinial (vak-sin′e-al)

Relating to vaccinia.

vacciniform
vacciniform (vak-sin′i-form)

Resembling vaccinia.

vaccinist
vaccinist (vak′si-nist)

SYN: vaccinator (1) .

vaccinization
vaccinization (vak′sin-i-za′shun)

Vaccination repeated at short intervals until it will no longer take.

vaccinogen
vaccinogen (vak-sin′-o-jen)

A source of vaccine, such as an inoculated heifer.

vaccinogenous
vaccinogenous (vak-si-noj′e-nus)

Producing vaccine, or relating to the production of vaccine.

vaccinoid
vaccinoid (vak′si-noyd)

Resembling vaccinia.

vaccinostyle
vaccinostyle (vak′si-no-stil)

A pointed instrument used in vaccination.

vaccinum
vaccinum (vak′si-num)

SYN: vaccine. [L.]

vacuolar
vacuolar (vak-oo-o′lar)

Relating to or resembling a vacuole.

vacuolate
vacuolate, vacuolated (vak′oo-o-lat, -lat′ed)

Having vacuoles.

vacuolation
vacuolation (vak′oo-o-la′shun)

1. Formation of vacuoles. 2. The condition of having vacuoles. SYN: vacuolization.

vacuole
vacuole (vak′oo-ol)

1. A minute space in any tissue. 2. A clear space in the substance of a cell, sometimes degenerative in character, sometimes surrounding an englobed foreign body and serving as a temporary cell stomach for the digestion of the body. [Mod. L. vacuolum, dim. of L. vacuum, an empty space]
autophagic v. SYN: cytolysosome.
contractile v. a cavity formed by the accumulation of fluid in the ectoplasm of a protozoan; after increasing for a time it empties itself externally by a sudden contraction; it functions as an osmoregulatory mechanism for water balance, especially in freshwater protozoans.
digestive v. SYN: secondary lysosomes, under lysosome.
parasitophorous v. a v. formed by layers of endoplasmic reticulum around an intracellular parasite which may serve to isolate the parasite and enclose it for lysozymal attack.

vacuolization
vacuolization (vak′oo-o-li-za′shun)

SYN: vacuolation.

vacuome
vacuome (vak′oo-om)

A system of vacuoles that can be stained with neutral red in the living cell. [vacuole + G. -oma, tumor]

vacuum
vacuum (vak′oom)

An empty space, one practically exhausted of air or gas. [L. ntr. of vacuus, empty]

vadum
vadum (va′dum)

An occasional elevation from the bottom of a cerebral sulcus nearly obliterating it for a short distance. [L. a ford]

vagal
vagal (va′gal)

Relating to the vagus nerve.

vagectomy
vagectomy (va-jek′to-me)

Surgical removal of a segment of a vagus nerve.

vagi
vagi (va′gi, -ji)

Plural of vagus.

vagin- vagin-

See vagino-.

vagina
vagina, gen. and pl. vaginae (va-ji′na, -ne)

1. SYN: sheath (1) . 2. [TA] The genital canal in the female, extending from the uterus to the vulva. [L. sheath, the v.]
bipartite v. SYN: septate v..
v. bulbi [TA] SYN: fascial sheath of eyeball.
v. carotica [TA] SYN: carotid sheath.
v. cellulosa the connective tissue sheath of a nerve or muscle (perineurium or perimysium, respectively).
v. communis tendinum musculorum flexorum (manus) [TA] SYN: common flexor sheath (of hand).
v. communis tendinum musculorum fibularium communis [TA] SYN: common peroneal tendon sheath.
v. externa nervi optici [TA] SYN: outer sheath of optic nerve.
vaginae fibrosae digitorum manus [TA] SYN: fibrous sheaths of digits of hand, under sheath. See anular part of fibrous digital sheath of digits of hand and foot, cruciform part of fibrous digital sheath.
vaginae fibrosae digitorum pedis [TA] SYN: fibrous digital sheaths of toes, under sheath. See anular part of fibrous digital sheath of digits of hand and foot, cruciform part of fibrous digital sheath.
v. fibrosa tendinis SYN: fibrous tendon sheath.
v. interna nervi optici [TA] SYN: inner sheath of optic nerve.
v. masculina SYN: prostatic utricle.
v. mucosa tendinis SYN: synovial tendon sheath.
v. musculi recti abdominis [TA] SYN: rectus sheath.
vaginae nervi optici sheaths of the optic nerve, formed by extensions of the central meninges. See inner sheath of optic nerve, external sheath of optic nerve.
v. oculi SYN: fascial sheath of eyeball.
v. processus styloidei [TA] SYN: sheath of styloid process.
septate v. a bipartite v. caused by the presence of a more or less complete longitudinal septum. SYN: bipartite v..
vaginae synoviales digitorum manus [TA] SYN: synovial sheaths of digits of hand, under sheath.
v. synovialis [TA] SYN: synovial sheath.
v. synovialis tendinis [TA] SYN: synovial tendon sheath.
v. synovialis trochleae SYN: tendinous sheath of superior oblique muscle.
vaginae tendinum carpalium [TA] SYN: carpal tendinous sheaths, under sheath.
vaginae tendinum carpalium dorsalium [TA] SYN: dorsal carpal tendinous sheaths, under sheath.
v. tendinis intertubercularis [TA] SYN: intertubercular tendon sheath.
v. tendinis musculi extensoris carpi ulnaris [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris muscle.
v. tendinis musculi extensoris digiti minimi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor digiti minimi muscle.
v. tendinis musculi extensoris hallucis longi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus muscle.
v. tendinis musculi extensoris pollicis longi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus muscle.
v. tendinis musculi fibularis longi plantaris [TA] SYN: plantar tendon sheath of fibularis longus muscle.
v. tendinis musculi flexoris carpi radialis [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of flexor carpi radialis muscle.
v. tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of flexor hallucis longus muscle.
v. tendinis musculi flexoris pollicis longi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus muscle.
v. tendinis musculi obliqui superioris [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of superior oblique muscle.
v. tendinis musculi peronei longi plantaris plantar tendon sheath of fibularis longus muscle.
v. tendinis musculi tibialis anterioris [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior muscle.
v. tendinis musculi tibialis posterioris [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of tibialis posterior muscle.
vaginae tendinum carpales palmares [TA] SYN: palmar carpal tendinous sheaths, under sheath.
vaginae tendinum digitorum pedis [TA] SYN: synovial sheaths of toes, under sheath.
v. tendinum musculi extensoris digitorum pedis longi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum longus muscle of foot.
v. tendinum musculi flexoris digitorum pedis longi [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of flexor digitorum longus muscle (of foot).
v. tendinum musculorum abductoris longi et extensoris brevis pollicis [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles.
v. tendinum musculorum extensoris digitorum et extensoris indicis [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis muscles.
v. tendinum musculorum extensorum carpi radialium [TA] SYN: tendinous sheath of extensor carpi radialis muscles.
v. tendinum musculorum fibularium communis SYN: common peroneal tendon sheath.
v. tendinum musculorum peroneorum communis SYN: common peroneal tendon sheath.
vaginae tendinum tarsales anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior tarsal tendinous sheaths, under sheath.
vaginae tendinum tarsales fibulares [TA] SYN: fibular tarsal tendinous sheaths, under sheath.
vaginae tendinum tarsales tibialis [TA] SYN: tibial tarsal tendinous sheaths, under sheath.
vaginae vasorum SYN: vascular sheaths, under sheath.

vaginal
vaginal (vaj′i-nal)

Relating to the vagina or to any sheath. [Mod. L. vaginalis]

vaginapexy
vaginapexy (va-ji′na-pek-se)

SYN: vaginofixation.

vaginate
vaginate (vaj′i-nat)

1. To ensheathe; to enclose in a sheath. 2. Ensheathed; provided with a sheath.

vaginectomy
vaginectomy (vaj-i-nek′to-me)

Excision of the vagina or a segment thereof. SYN: colpectomy. [vagina + G. ektome, excision]

vaginism
vaginism (vaj′i-nizm)

SYN: vaginismus.

vaginismus
vaginismus (vaj-i-niz′mus)

Painful spasm of the vagina preventing intercourse. SYN: vaginism, vulvismus. [vagina + L. -ismus, action, condition]
posterior v. spasmodic stenosis of the vagina caused by contraction of the levator ani muscle.

vaginitis
vaginitis, pl .vaginitides (vaj-i-ni′tis, -ni′ti-dez)

Inflammation of the vagina. [vagina + G. -itis, inflammation]
v. adhesiva SYN: adhesive v..
adhesive v. inflammation of vaginal mucosa with adhesions of the vaginal walls to each other. SYN: v. adhesiva.
amebic v. v. caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
atrophic v. thinning and atrophy of the vaginal epithelium usually resulting from diminished estrogen stimulation; a common occurrence in postmenopausal women.
v. cystica SYN: v. emphysematosa.
desquamative inflammatory v. an acute inflammation of the vagina of unknown cause, characterized by grayish pseudomembrane, free discharge, and easy bleeding on trauma; the discharge contains pus and immature epithelial cells, although estrogen levels are normal.
v. emphysematosa v. characterized by accumulation of gas in small connective tissue spaces lined by foreign-body giant cells. SYN: pachyvaginitis cystica, v. cystica.
Gardnerella v. SYN: bacterial vaginosis.
nonspecific v. SYN: bacterial vaginosis.
pinworm v. v. caused by Enterobius vermicularis.
senile v. atrophic v. resulting from withdrawal of estrogen stimulation of mucosa, often assuming the form of adhesive v.. SYN: v. senilis.
v. senilis SYN: senile v..

vagino- vagino-, vagin-

The vagina. SEE ALSO: colpo-. [L. vagina, sheath]

vaginoabdominal
vaginoabdominal (vaj′i-no-ab-dom′i-nal)

Relating to the vagina and the abdomen.

vaginocele
vaginocele (vaj′i-no-sel)

SYN: colpocele (1) .

vaginodynia
vaginodynia (vaj′i-no-din′e-a)

Vaginal pain. SYN: colpodynia.

vaginofixation
vaginofixation (vaj′i-no-fik-sa′shun)

Suture of a relaxed and prolapsed vagina to the abdominal wall. SYN: colpopexy, vaginapexy, vaginopexy.

vaginohysterectomy
vaginohysterectomy (vaj′i-no-his-ter-ek′to-me)

SYN: vaginal hysterectomy.

vaginolabial
vaginolabial (vaj′i-no-la′be-al)

Relating to the vagina and the pudendal labia.

vaginomycosis
vaginomycosis (vaj′i-no-mi-ko′sis)

Vaginal infection due to a fungus. SYN: colpomycosis.

vaginopathy
vaginopathy (vaj-i-nop′a-the)

Any diseased condition of the vagina. [vagino- + G. pathos, suffering]

vaginoperineal
vaginoperineal (vaj′i-no-per-i-ne′al)

Relating to or involving the vagina and perineum.

vaginoperineoplasty
vaginoperineoplasty (vaj′i-no-per-i-ne′o-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the perineum involving the vagina. SYN: colpoperineoplasty. [vagino- + perineum, + G. plastos, formed]

vaginoperineorrhaphy
vaginoperineorrhaphy (vaj′i-no-per-i-ne-or′a-fe)

Repair of a lacerated vagina and perineum. SYN: colpoperineorrhaphy. [vagino- + perineum, + G. rhaphe, suture]

vaginoperineotomy
vaginoperineotomy (vaj′i-no-per-i-ne-ot′o-me)

SYN: episiotomy. [vagino- + perineum, + G. tome, incision]

vaginoperitoneal
vaginoperitoneal (vaj′i-no-per-i-to-ne′al)

Relating to the vagina and the peritoneum.

vaginopexy
vaginopexy (vaj′i-no-pek-se)

SYN: vaginofixation.

vaginoplasty
vaginoplasty (vaj′i-no-plas-te)

Plastic surgery of the vagina. SYN: colpoplasty. [vagino- + G. plastos, formed]

vaginoscopy
vaginoscopy (vaj-i-nos′ko-pe)

Inspection of the vagina, usually with an instrument.

vaginosis
vaginosis (va′jin-o′sis)

Disease of the vagina.
bacterial v. infection of the human vagina that may be caused by anaerobic bacteria, especially by Mobiluncus species or by Gardnerella vaginalis. Characterized by excessive, sometimes malodorous, discharge. SYN: Gardnerella vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis.

vaginotomy
vaginotomy (vaj-i-not′o-me)

SYN: colpotomy.

vaginovesical
vaginovesical (vaj′i-no-ves′i-kal)

Relating to the vagina and the urinary bladder.

vaginovulvar
vaginovulvar (vaj′i-no-vul′var)

Relating to the vagina and the vulva.

Vaginulus plebeius
Vaginulus plebeius (vaj-i-noo′lus ple′be-e-us)

The slug vector of Angiostrongylus costaricensis.

vagitus uterinus
vagitus uterinus (va-ji′tus u-ter-i′nus)

Crying of the fetus while still within the uterus, possible when the membranes have been ruptured and air has entered the uterine cavity. [L. fr. vagio, to squall; L. fr. uterus, womb]

vago- vago-

The vagus nerve. [L. vagus]

vagoaccessorius
vagoaccessorius (va-go-ak-ses-so′re-us)

The vagus and the cranial root (accessory portion) of the accessory nerve, regarded as one nerve. See accessory nerve [CN XI].

vagoglossopharyngeal
vagoglossopharyngeal (va′go-glos′o-fa-rin′je-al)

Relating to the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; denoting their contiguous or common nuclei of origin and termination and regions innervated by both nerves such as the musculature of the pharynx.

vagolysis
vagolysis (va-gol′i-sis)

Surgical destruction of the vagus nerve. [vago- + G. lysis, a loosening]

vagolytic
vagolytic (va-go-lit′ik)

1. Pertaining to or causing vagolysis. 2. A therapeutic or chemical agent that has inhibitory effects on the vagus nerve. 3. Denoting an agent having such effects.

vagomimetic
vagomimetic (va′go-mi-met′ik)

Mimicking the action of the efferent fibers of the vagus nerve.

vagotomy
vagotomy (va-got′o-me)

Division of the vagus nerve. [vago- + G. tome, incision]

vagotonia
vagotonia (va-go-to′ne-a)

Archaic designation for a condition in which the parasympathetic autonomic system is reputedly overactive. SYN: parasympathotonia, sympathetic imbalance. [vago- + G. tonos, strain]

vagotonic
vagotonic (va-go-ton′ik)

Relating to or marked by vagotonia.

vagotropic
vagotropic (va-go-trop′ik)

Attracted by, hence acting upon, the vagus nerve. [vago- + G. tropos, turning]

vagovagal
vagovagal (va′go-va′gal)

Pertaining to a process that utilizes both afferent and efferent vagal fibers.

vagus
vagus, gen. and pl. vagi (va′gus; va′gi, -ji)

SYN: v. nerve [CN X]. [L. wandering, so-called because of the wide distribution of the nerve]

Val
Val

Symbol for valine and valyl.

valence
valence, valency (va′lens, -len-se)

The combining power of one atom of an element (or a radical), that of the hydrogen atom being the unit of comparison, determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom (v. electrons); e.g., in HCl, chlorine is monovalent; in H₂O, oxygen is bivalent; in NH₃, nitrogen is trivalent. [L. valentia, strength]
negative v. the number of v. electrons an atom can take up.
positive v. the number of v. electrons an atom can give up.

valent
valent (va′lent)

Possessing valence.

Valentin
Valentin

Gabriel G., German-Swiss physiologist, 1810–1883. See V. corpuscles, under corpuscle, V. ganglion, V. nerve.

Valentine
Valentine

Ferdinand C., U.S. surgeon, 1851–1909. See V. position, V. test.

valepotriates
valepotriates (val′e-po′tre-ats)

A class of iridoid alkaloids from Valeriana sp. and Kentranthus sp.; E.G., the drug valtratum is a member of this class.

valerate
valerate (val′e-rat)

A salt of valeric acid; some are used in modern medicine. SYN: valerianate.

valerian
valerian (va-ler′e-an)

1. The rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis (family Valerianaceae), a herb native in southern Europe and northern Asia, cultivated also in Great Britain and the U.S.; has been used as a sedative in hysteria and at menopause. 2. Referring to a class of terpene alkaloids obtained from v. (1). SYN: vandal root.

valerianate
valerianate (va-le′re-a-nat)

SYN: valerate.

valeric acid
valeric acid (va-ler′ik, va-ler′ik)

Normal aliphatic acid; distilled from valerian; some of its salts are used in medicine; found in human colon. SYN: pentanoic acid.

valethamate bromide
valethamate bromide (va-leth′a-mat)

An anticholinergic agent.

valetudinarian
valetudinarian (val′e-too-di-nar′e-an)

1. An invalid or person in chronically poor health. 2. One whose chief concern is his/her invalidism or poor health. [L. valetudinarius, sickly]

valetudinarianism
valetudinarianism (val′e-too-di-nar′e-an-izm)

A weak or infirm state due to invalidism.

valgoid
valgoid (val′goyd)

Relating to valgus; knock-kneed; suffering from talipes valgus. [L. valgus, bowlegged, + G. eidos, resemblance]

valgus
valgus (val′gus)

Bent or twisted outward away from the midline or body; modern accepted usage, particularly in orthopedics, erroneously transposes the meaning of varus to v., as in genu valgum (knock-knee). [Mod. L. turned outward, fr. L. bowlegged]

valid
valid

Effective; producing the desired result; verifiably correct. [L. valeo, to be strong]

validation
validation (val-i-da′shun)

The act or process of making valid.
consensual v. the confirmation of the experience or judgment of one person by another.

validity
validity (va-lid′i-te)

An index of how well a test or procedure in fact measures what it purports to measure; an objective index by which to describe how valid a test or procedure is.
concurrent v. an index of criterion-related v. used to predict performance in a real-life situation given at about the same time as the test or procedure; the extent to which the index from one test correlates with that of a nonidentical test or index; e.g., how well a score on an aptitude test correlates with the score on an intelligence test.
construct v. the extent to which a test or procedure appears to measure a higher order, inferred theoretical construct, or trait in contrast to measuring a more limited, specific dimension.
content v. the extent to which the items of a test or procedure are in fact a representative sample of that which is to be measured; e.g., items relating to ability in arithmetic and defining words are appropriate content for an intelligence test.
criterion-related v. the degree of effectiveness with which performance on a test or procedure predicts performance in a real-life situation; e.g., a good correlation between a score on an intelligence test such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test and one's 4-year college grade point average.
face v. the extent to which the items of a test or procedure appear superficially to sample that which is to be measured.
predictive v. criterion-related v. used to predict performance in a real-life task at a future time. See construct v., criterion-related v..

valine
valine (Val, V) (val′in)

2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid;the l-isomer is a constituent of most proteins; a nutritionally essential amino acid.

valinomycin
valinomycin (val′i-no-mi-sin)

Cyclododecadepsipeptides ionophore antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fulvissius; a 36-membered ring structure consisting of 3 mol each of l-valine, d-α-hydroxyisovaleric acid, d-valine, and l-lactic acid linked alternately. The material is used as an insecticide and nematocide.

valla
valla (val′a)

Plural of vallum.

vallate
vallate (val′at)

Bordered with an elevation, as a cupped structure; denoting especially certain lingual papillae. SEE ALSO: circumvallate. [L. vallo, pp. -atus, to surround with, fr. vallum, a rampart]

vallecula
vallecula, pl .valleculae (va-lek′u-la, -le) [TA]

A crevice or depression on any surface, particularly the spaces between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue, right and left. SYN: valley. [L. dim. of vallis, valley]
v. cerebelli [TA] a deep hollow on the inferior surface of the cerebellum, between the hemispheres, containing the medulla oblongata and the falx cerebelli. SYN: v. of cerebellum [TA] , vallis.
v. of cerebellum [TA] SYN: v. cerebelli.
epiglottic v. [TA] a depression immediately posterior to the root of the tongue between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds on either side. SYN: v. epiglottica [TA] .
v. epiglottica [TA] SYN: epiglottic v..
v. sylvii SYN: lateral cerebral fossa.
v. unguis SYN: sulcus matricis unguis.

Valleix
Valleix

François L. I., French physician, 1807–1855. See V. points, under point.

valley
valley (val′e)

SYN: vallecula.

vallis
vallis (val′is)

SYN: vallecula cerebelli. [L. valley]

vallum
vallum, pl .valla (val′um, -a)

1. [NA] Any raised, more or less circular ridge. 2. The slightly raised outer wall of the circular depression, or fossa, surrounding a vallate papilla of the tongue. [L. a rampart, fr. vallus, a stake]
v. unguis [TA] SYN: nail wall.

valmethamide
valmethamide (val-meth′a-mid)

SYN: valnoctamide.

valnoctamide
valnoctamide (val-nok′ta-mid)

An antianxiety agent. SYN: valmethamide.

valoid
valoid (val′oyd)

SYN: equivalent extract. [L. valeo, to be strong]

valproic acid
valproic acid (val-pro′ik)

An anticonvulsant used to treat seizure disorders; also used as the sodium salt, valproate sodium.

Valsalva
Valsalva

Antonio M., Italian anatomist, 1666–1723. See aneurysm of sinus of V., V. antrum, V. ligaments, under ligament, V. maneuver, V. muscle, V. sinus, teniae of V., under tenia, V. test.

value
value (val′u)

A particular quantitative determination. For values not given below, see the specific name. SEE ALSO: index, number. [M.E., fr. O.Fr., fr. L. valeo, to be of v.]
acetyl v. the milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the acetic acid produced by the hydrolysis of 1 g of acetylated fat; a measure of the hydroxy acids present in glycerides; notably high in castor oil.
buffer v. the power of a substance in solution to absorb acid or alkali without change in pH; this is highest at a pH v. equal to the pK_a v. of the acid of the buffer pair. SEE ALSO: buffer capacity. SYN: buffer index.
buffer v. of the blood the ability of the blood to compensate for additions of acid or alkali without disturbance of the pH.
C v. the total amount of DNA in a haploid genome.
caloric v. the heat evolved by a food when burnt or metabolized.
Hehner v. SYN: Hehner number.
homing v. in a cybernetic system such as homeostasis, that v. of a trait of interest that the restorative forces are directed towards maintaining.
iodine v. SYN: iodine number.
maturation v. an indicator of the level of maturation attained by vaginal epithelium and used as a factor in cytohormonal evaluation from the maturation index by valuing the parabasal cells at 0.0, the intermediate cells at 0.5, and the superficial cells at 1.0; for special investigations, subtypes of a major cell can be given different values.
normal values a set of laboratory test values used to characterize apparently healthy individuals; now replaced by reference values.
pH v. pH.
phenotypic v. in quantitative genetics, the metrical quantity of some trait associated with a particular phenotype.
predictive v. an expresion of the likelihood that a given test result correlates with the presence or absence of disease. A positive predictive v. is the ratio of patients with the disease who test positive to the entire population of individuals with a positive test result; a negative predictive v. is the ratio of patients without the disease who test negative to the entire population of individuals with a negative test.
R_f v. R_f.
reference values a set of laboratory test values obtained from an individual or group in a defined state of health; this term replaces normal values, since it is based on a defined state of health rather than on apparent health.
thiocyanogen v. SYN: thiocyanogen number.
threshold limit v. (TLV) the maximum concentration of a chemical recommended by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists for repeated exposure without adverse health effects on workers.

valva
valva, pl .valvae (val′va, -ve) [TA]

SYN: valve. [L. one leaf of a double door]
v. aortae [TA] SYN: aortic valve.
v. atrioventricularis dextra [TA] SYN: tricuspid valve.
v. atrioventricularis sinistra [TA] SYN: mitral valve.
v. ileocecalis [TA] SYN: ileal papilla.
v. mitralis mitral valve.
v. tricuspidalis tricuspid valve.
v. trunci pulmonalis [TA] SYN: pulmonary valve.

valval
valval, valvar (val′val, val′var)

Relating to a valve.

valvate
valvate (val′vat)

Relating to or provided with a valve. SYN: valvular.

valve
valve (valv) [TA]

1. A fold of the lining membrane of a canal or other hollow organ serving to retard or prevent a reflux of fluid. 2. Any formation or reduplication of tissue, or flaplike structure, resembling or functioning as a v.. SEE ALSO: valvule, plica. SYN: valva [TA] . [L. valva]
Amussat v. SYN: spiral fold of cystic duct.
anal valves [TA] delicate crescent-shaped mucosal folds that pass between the lower ends of neighboring anal columns; the small pocket thus formed is an anal sinus. SYN: valvulae anales [TA] , Morgagni valves.
anterior urethral v. a crescentic horizontal fold in the proximal spongy urethra.
aortic v. [TA] the v. between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta, consisting of three fibrous semilunar cusps (valvules), located in the adult in anterior, right posterior, and left posterior positions; they are named, however, in accordance with their embryonic derivation in which the anteriorly located cusp is the right cusp (above which the right coronary artery arises), the left posteriorly positioned cusp is designated as the left cusp (above which the left coronary artery arises), and the right posteriorly positioned cusp is designated as the posterior or noncoronary cusp. SYN: valva aortae [TA] .
atrioventricular valves tricuspid v., mitral v..
A-V valves abbreviation for the cardiac atrioventricular valves; the mitral and tricuspid valves.
ball v. any of a variety of prosthetic cardiac valves comprising a ball within a retaining cage affixed to the orifice; when appropriately sized, used in aortic, mitral, or tricuspid position.
Bauhin v. SYN: ileal papilla.
Béraud v. a small fold in the interior of the lacrimal sac at its junction with the lacrimal duct. SYN: Krause v..
bicuspid v. SYN: mitral v..
bi-leaflet v. a low profile mechanical heart v. that is less obstructive to outflow, especially in small size.
biologic v. SYN: tissue v..
Björk-Shiley v. a low profile tilting disc mechanical heart v..
Blom-Singer v. a prosthesis for maintaining the patency of a tracheoesophageal puncture for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy.
Bochdalek v. a fold of mucous membrane in the lacrimal canaliculus at the lacrimal punctum. SYN: Foltz valvule.
Braune v. a fold of mucous membrane at the junction of the esophagus with the stomach.
Carpentier-Edwards v. a bioprosthetic v. made from preserved porcine aortic valves.
caval v. SYN: v. of inferior vena cava.
congenital v. an abnormal lining fold obstructing a passage; e.g., of a mucous membrane in the urethra.
coronary v. SYN: v. of coronary sinus.
v. of coronary sinus [TA] a delicate fold of endocardium at the opening of the coronary sinus into the right atrium. SYN: valvula sinus coronarii [TA] , coronary v., thebesian v..
eustachian v. SYN: v. of inferior vena cava.
v. of foramen ovale [TA] a fold projecting into the left atrium from the margin of the foramen ovale in the fetus; when, with beginning inspiration, the blood pressure within the left atrium increases, the v. closes and its edges become adherent to the margin of the foramen ovale, occluding it. SYN: valvula foraminis ovalis [TA] , falx septi, v. of oval foramen.
Gerlach v. SYN: v. of vermiform appendix.
Guérin v. SYN: v. of navicular fossa.
Heister v. SYN: spiral fold of cystic duct.
Heyer-Pudenz v. a v. used in the shunting procedure for hydrocephaly; consisting of a catheter-v. system in which the ventricular catheter leads the cerebrospinal fluid into a one-way pump through which the cerebrospinal fluid passes down the distal catheter into the right atrium of the heart.
Hoboken valves the flangelike protrusions into the lumen of the umbilical arteries where they are twisted or kinked in their course through the umbilical cord.
Huschke v. SYN: lacrimal fold.
ileocecal v. SYN: ileal papilla.
ileocolic v. SYN: ileal papilla.
v. of inferior vena cava [TA] an endocardial fold extending from the anterior inferior margin of the inferior vena cava to the anterior part of the limbus fossa ovalis. SYN: valvula venae cavae inferioris [TA] , caval v., eustachian v., sylvian v..
Kerckring valves SYN: circular folds of small intestine, under fold.
Krause v. SYN: Béraud v..
left atrioventricular v. mitral v..
Mercier v. an occasional fold of mucosa of the bladder partially occluding the ureteral orifice.
mitral v. [TA] the v. closing the orifice between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart; its two cusps are called anterior and posterior. SYN: valva atrioventricularis sinistra [TA] , left atrioventricular v.&star, valva mitralis&star, bicuspid v., valvula bicuspidalis.
Morgagni valves SYN: anal valves.
nasal v. the variable aperture between the nasal septum and the caudal margin of the upper lateral nasal cartilage.
v. of navicular fossa [TA] an inconstant fold of mucous membrane sometimes found in the root of the navicular fossa of the urethra. SYN: valvula fossae navicularis [TA] , Guérin fold, Guérin v..
nonrebreathing v. a type of v. that prevents mixture of inhaled and exhaled gases.
O'Beirne v. SYN: rectosigmoid sphincter.
v. of oval foramen SYN: v. of foramen ovale.
parachute mitral v. congenital abnormality of the mitral v. characterized by the presence of a single papillary muscle from which the chordae of both v. leaflets divide; thus the resemblance to a parachute; the condition often produces a stenosis as the combined result of the tugging action of the chordae on, and the subsequent narrowing between, the leaflets. SYN: parachute deformity.
porcine v. stented heterograft v. from pigs.
posterior urethral valves anomalous folds occurring at the level of the seminal colliculus. SYN: Amussat valvula.
prosthetic valves valves used to replace human valves. They are divided into mechanical and tissue valves. The tissue is divided into homografts and heterografts.
pulmonary v. [TA] the v. at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle; it consists of semilunar cusps (valvules), which are usually arranged in the adult in right anterior, left anterior, and posterior positions; however, they are named in accordance with their embryonic derivation; thus the posteriorly located cusp is designated as the left cusp, the right anteriorly located cusp is designated the right cusp, and the left anteriorly positioned cusp is called the anterior cusp. SYN: valva trunci pulmonalis [TA] , pulmonic v., v. of pulmonary trunk.
v. of pulmonary trunk SYN: pulmonary v..
pulmonic v. SYN: pulmonary v..
rectal valves SYN: transverse folds of rectum, under fold.
reducing v. a v. designed to lower the pressure of a gas coming from a cylinder containing compressed gas under high pressure.
right atrioventricular v. tricuspid v..
Rosenmüller v. SYN: lacrimal fold.
semilunar v. [TA] a heart v. comprised of a set of three semilunar cusps (valvules); hence both the aortic and pulmonary valves are semilunar valves. SYN: valvula semilunaris [TA] .
spiral v. of cystic duct SYN: spiral fold of cystic duct.
Starr-Edwards v. a cage and ball artificial cardiac v. with high reliability and durability.
sylvian v. SYN: v. of inferior vena cava.
Tarin v. SYN: inferior medullary velum.
Terrien v. a valvelike fold between the gallbladder and the cystic duct; the first ridge of the spiral fold of the cystic duct.
thebesian v. SYN: v. of coronary sinus.
tilting disk v. a variety of prosthetic cardiac v. composed of a caged disc.
tissue v. a prosthetic cardiac v. derived from the pig heart, bovine pericardium, or other biologic source. SEE ALSO: prosthesis. SYN: biologic v..
tricuspid v. [TA] the v. closing the orifice between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart; its three cusps are called anterior, posterior, and septal. SYN: valva atrioventricularis dextra [TA] , right atrioventricular v.&star, valva tricuspidalis&star, valvula tricuspidalis.
Tulp v., Tulpius v. SYN: ileal papilla.
urethral valves folds in the urethral mucous membrane. SEE ALSO: anterior urethral v., posterior urethral valves.
v. of Varolius SYN: ileal papilla.
venous v. [TA] a fold of the lining layer of a vein to prevent a reflux of blood. SYN: valvula venosa (2) [TA] .
v. of vermiform appendix a fold of mucous membrane, simulating a v., sometimes found at the origin of the vermiform appendix. SYN: Gerlach v., valvula processus vermiformis.
vesicoureteral v. a lock mechanism in the wall of the intravesical portion of the ureter that normally prevents urinary reflux.
v. of Vieussens a prominent v. in the great cardiac vein where it turns around the obtuse margin to become the coronary sinus.
Vieussens v. SYN: superior medullary velum.

valveless
valveless (valv′les)

Without valves; denoting certain veins, such as the portal, that are not provided with valves as are most of the veins.

valviform
valviform (val′vi-form)

Valve-shaped.

valvoplasty
valvoplasty (val′vo-plas-te)

Surgical reconstruction of a deformed cardiac valve, for the relief of stenosis or incompetence. SYN: valvuloplasty. [valve + G. plastos, formed]

valvotomy
valvotomy (val-vot′o-me)

1. Cutting through a stenosed cardiac valve to relieve the obstruction. SYN: valvulotomy. 2. Incision of a valvular structure. [valve + G. tome, incision]
mitral v. deliberate incision or enlargement by inserting a finger in the stenotic mitral valve.
rectal v. cutting through rectal folds that are too rigid or large.

valvula
valvula, pl .valvulae (val′vu-la, -le) [TA]

SYN: valvule. [Mod. L. dim. of valva]
Amussat v. SYN: posterior urethral valves, under valve.
valvulae anales [TA] SYN: anal valves, under valve.
v. bicuspidalis SYN: mitral valve.
valvulae conniventes SYN: circular folds of small intestine, under fold.
v. foraminis ovalis [TA] SYN: valve of foramen ovale.
v. fossae navicularis [TA] SYN: valve of navicular fossa.
Gerlach v. SYN: trabecular tissue of sclera.
v. lymphatica [TA] SYN: lymphatic valvule.
v. processus vermiformis SYN: valve of vermiform appendix.
v. semilunaris [TA] SYN: semilunar valve.
v. semilunaris anterior valvae trunci pulmonalis anterior semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve.
v. semilunaris dextra valvae aortae right semilunar cusp of the aortic valve.
v. semilunaris dextra valvae trunci pulmonalis right semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve.
v. semilunaris posterior valvae aortae posterior semilunar cusp of the aortic valve.
v. semilunaris sinistra valvae aortae left semilunar cusp of the aortic valve.
v. semilunaris sinistra valvae trunci pulmonalis left semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve.
v. semilunaris tarini SYN: inferior medullary velum.
v. sinus coronarii [TA] SYN: valve of coronary sinus.
v. spiralis SYN: spiral fold of cystic duct.
v. tricuspidalis SYN: tricuspid valve.
v. venae cavae inferioris [TA] SYN: valve of inferior vena cava.
v. venosa [TA] 1. in the embryo, one of the pair of valves at the opening from the sinus venosus into the right atrium; 2. [NA] SYN: venous valve.
v. vestibuli obsolete term for v. venosa (1) .

valvular
valvular (val′vu-lar)

SYN: valvate.

valvule
valvule (val′vul) [TA]

A valve, especially one of small size. SYN: valvula [TA] . [L. valvula]
Foltz v. SYN: Bochdalek valve.
lymphatic v. [TA] one of the delicate semilunar valves found in lymphatic vessels; they are usually paired and similar in structure to venous valves and occur at close intervals along the vessel wall. SYN: valvula lymphatica [TA] .

valvulitis
valvulitis (val-vu-li′tis)

Inflammation of a valve, especially a heart valve. [Mod. L. valvula, valve, + G. -itis, inflammation]
rheumatic v. v. characterized in the acute stage by small fibrin vegetations along the lines of closure and by Aschoff bodies in the cusps; in the chronic stage, it is characterized by scarring, commissural adhesion, and stenosis and/or regurgitation.

valvuloplasty
valvuloplasty (val′vu-lo-plas′te)

SYN: valvoplasty.

valvulotome
valvulotome (val′vu-lo-tom)

An instrument for sectioning a valve.

valvulotomy
valvulotomy (val-vu-lot′o-me)

SYN: valvotomy (1) .

valyl
valyl (Val, V) (val′il)

The radical of valine.

Van Van, van

For some names with this prefix not found below, see the principal part of the name.

vanadate
vanadate (van′a-dat)

A salt of vanadic acid.

vanadic acid
vanadic acid (va-nad′ik)

An acid, H₃VO₄, derived from vanadium, forming salts with various bases.

vanadium
vanadium (V) (va-na′de-um)

A metallic element, atomic no. 23, atomic wt. 50.9415; a bioelement, its deficiency can result in abnormal bone growth and a rise in cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. [Vanadis, Scand. goddess]
v. group those elements resembling v. in chemical and metallurgic properties; included with v. are niobium and tantalum.

van Bogaert
van Bogaert

Ludo, 20th century Belgian neurologist. See Canavan-van Bogaert-Bertrand disease, van Bogaert encephalitis.

van Buchem
van Buchem

Francis Steven Peter, Dutch internist, *1897. See van Buchem syndrome.

van Buren
van Buren

William H., U.S. surgeon, 1819–1883. See van Buren sound, van Buren disease.

vancomycin
vancomycin (van-ko-mi′sin)

An antibiotic isolated from cultures of Nocardia orientalis, bactericidal and bacteriostatic against Gram-positive organisms; available as the hydrochloride.

van Creveld
van Creveld

S., Dutch pediatrician, *1894. See Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.

vandal root
vandal root (van′dal)

SYN: valerian.

van Deen
van Deen

Izaak A., Dutch physiologist, 1804–1869. See van Deen test.

van den Bergh
van den Bergh

A.A.H., Dutch physician, 1869–1943. See van den Bergh test.

van der Kolk
van der Kolk

Jacobus L.C.S., Dutch physician, 1797–1862.

van der Spieghel van der Spieghel

See Spigelius.

van der Velden
van der Velden

Reinhardt, German physician, 1851–1903. See van der Velden test.

van der Waals
van der Waals

Johannes D., Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate, 1837–1923. See van der Waals forces, under force.

van Ekenstein
van Ekenstein

W.A., 19th century scientist. See Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation.

van Ermengen
van Ermengen

Emile P., Belgian bacteriologist, 1851–1932. See van Ermengen stain.

van Gieson
van Gieson

Ira, U.S. histologist and bacteriologist, 1865–1913. See van Gieson stain.

van Helmont
van Helmont

Jean B., Flemish physician and chemist, 1577–1644. See van Helmont mirror.

van Horne
van Horne, Hoorne, Hoorn, Heurenius

Jan (Johannes), Dutch anatomist, 1621–1670. See van Horne canal.

vanilla
vanilla (va-nil′a)

The cured, full-grown, unripe fruit of Vanila planifolia (Mexican or Bourbon v.) or of V. tahitensis (Tahiti v.), orchids (family Orchidaceae) native to Mexico and cultivated in other tropical countries; a flavoring agent. [Sp. vainilla, little pod]

vanillate
vanillate (va-nil′at)

A compound of vanillic acid; C₈H₈O₄.

vanillic acid
vanillic acid (va-nil′ik)

A flavoring agent.

vanillin
vanillin (va-nil′in)

Obtained from vanilla and also prepared synthetically; a flavoring agent; used to detect ornithine, sugar alcohols, phenols, and certain sterols.

vanillism
vanillism (va-nil′izm)

1. Symptoms of irritation of the skin, nasal mucous membrane, and conjunctiva from which workers with vanilla sometimes suffer. 2. Infestation of the skin by sarcoptiform mites found in vanilla pods.

vanillylmandelic acid
vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) (van′i-lil-man-del′ik, va-nil′il-)

Misnomer for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (α,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzeneacetic acid);the major urinary metabolite of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamines ( e.g., from both epinephrine and norepinephrine); elevated in most patients with pheochromocytoma.

Van Slyke
Van Slyke

Donald D., U.S. biochemist, 1883–1971. See slyke, V. apparatus, V. formula.

van't Hoff
van't Hoff

Jacobus H., Dutch chemist and Nobel laureate, 1852–1911. See van't Hoff equation, van't Hoff law, van't Hoff theory, Le Bel-van't Hoff rule.

vapor
vapor (va′per)

1. Molecules in the gaseous phase of a solid or liquid substance exposed to a gas. 2. A visible emanation of fine particles of a liquid. 3. A medicinal preparation to be administered by inhalation. [L. steam]
anesthetic v. the gaseous phase of a liquid anesthetic with sufficient partial pressure at room temperature to produce general anesthesia when inhaled.

vaporization
vaporization (va-por-i-za′shun)

1. The change of a solid or liquid to a state of vapor. 2. The therapeutic application of a vapor.

vaporize
vaporize (va′-per-iz)

1. To convert a solid or liquid into a vapor. 2. To apply a vapor therapeutically.

vaporizer
vaporizer (va′per-iz-er)

1. An apparatus for reducing medicated liquids to a state of vapor suitable for inhalation or application to accessible mucous membranes. SEE ALSO: nebulizer, atomizer. 2. A device for volatizing liquid anesthetics.
flow-over v. a device for vaporization of a liquid anesthetic by causing gases to pass over the anesthetic or over material saturated with the anesthetic.
temperature-compensated v. a v. of liquid anesthetics with graduated settings calibrated to deliver a known constant concentration of a specific anesthetic despite changes in inflow volume and despite cooling brought about by vaporization.

vaporthorax
vaporthorax (vap-er-tho′raks)

The existence of large water vapor bubbles in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall in an unprotected person exposed to altitudes above 63,000 ft., where the barometric pressure is less than 47 mm Hg and where water at body temperature vaporizes from the liquid state.

vapotherapy
vapotherapy (va′po-thar′a-pe)

Treatment of disease by means of vapor or spray.

Va/Q
Va/Q

Abbreviation for ventilation/perfusion ratio.

Vaquez
Vaquez

Louis H., French physician, 1860–1936. See V. disease.

variability
variability (var′e-a-bil′i-te)

1. The capability of being variable. 2. In genetics, the potential or actual differences, either quantitative or qualitative, in phenotype among individuals.
baseline v. of fetal heart rate the beat-to-beat changes in fetal heart rate as recorded on a graph.
beat-to-beat v. of fetal heart rate v. of fetal heart rate measured in changes in the QRS-QRS interval from heart beat to heart beat; measured with electronic internal fetal heart rate monitors.

variable
variable (var′e-a-bl)

1. That which is inconstant, which can or does change, as contrasted with a constant. 2. Deviating from the type in structure, form, physiology, or behavior. [L. vario, to vary, change, differ]
continuous v. a v. that may take on any value in an interval or intervals (its domain).
continuous random v. continuous v. that may randomly assume any value in its domain but any particular value has no probability of occurring, only a probability density.
dependent v. in experiments, a v. that is influenced by or dependent upon changes in the independent v.; e.g., the amount of a written passage retained (dependent v.) as a function of the different numbers of minutes (independent v.) allowed to study the passage.
discrete v. a v. that may assume only a countable (usually finite) number of values.
discrete random v. a random v. that may assume a countable number of values, each with a probability strictly greater than zero.
independent v. a characteristic being measured or observed that is hypothesized to influence another event or manifestation (the dependent v.) within a defined area of relationships under study; that is, the independent v. is not influenced by the event or manifestation, but may cause it or contribute to its variation. See dependent v..
intermediate v. a v. in a causal pathway that causes variation in the dependent v. and is itself caused to vary by the independent v..
intervening v. an event, such as an attitude or emotion, inferred to occur within an organism between the stimulation and response in such a way as to influence or determine the response.
mixed discrete-continuous random v. a random v. that may assume some values with probabilities and others with probability densities. For example, in a 35-year-old man with familial polyposis of the colon, the distribution of time until malignant disease occurs consists of a probability that he already has cancer (which would be assigned the waiting time 0), a probability density of developing it in the future, and a probability that he will die of some other cause before he develops cancer.
moderator v. a v. that interacts by virtue of being antecedent or intermediate in the causal pathway.
random v. a v. that may assume a set of values, each with fixed probabilities or probability densities (its distribution), in such a way that the total probability assigned to the distribution is unity; the random v. may be discrete, continuous, or mixed discrete-continuous.

variance
variance (var′e-ans)

1. The state of being variable, different, divergent, or deviate; a degree of deviation. 2. A measure of the variation shown by a set of observations, defined as the sum of squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of degrees of freedom in the set of observations.
ball v. swelling and changes in shape and consistency of the ball in a ball-valve prosthesis, especially in one replacing the aortic valve.

variant
variant (var′e-ant)

1. That which, or one who, is variable. 2. Having the tendency to alter or change, exhibit variety or diversity, not conform with, or differ from the type.
inherited albumin variants [MIM*103600] types of human serum albumin, distinguished by characteristic mobility patterns on electrophoresis; each type is due to a mutation of a gene controlling albumin synthesis; the mutant genes are codominant with the normal gene for albumin A, and the group forms a system of genetic polymorphism; types include: albumin b (slow), found occasionally in persons of European ancestry; albumin Ghent (fast), found first at Ghent, Belgium; albumin Mexico (slow), found in Indians of Mexico and the southwestern United States; albumin Naskapi (fast), found in the Naskapi and other Indians of northern North America; and albumin Reading (fast), found first at Reading, England.
L-phase variants bacterial variants that do not have rigid cell walls but that may contain varying amounts of cell wall material; they are spherical to coccobacillary in shape and vary in size from small bodies that pass through filters which retain bacteria to bodies that are larger than the bacterial form; they are Gram-negative and resistant to penicillin. The variants differ greatly from the parent bacterial cells in mode of reproduction, physiology, growth requirements, and individual and colonial morphology; they are generally considered to be nonpathogenic, even if derived from a pathogenic bacterium. [L. fr. Lister Institute]

variate
variate (var′e-at)

A measurable quantity capable of taking on a number of values; may be binary ( i.e., capable of taking on two values in a certain interval of values), continuous (i.e., capable of taking on all values in a certain interval of real values), or discrete ( i.e., capable of taking on a limited number of values in a certain interval of real values).

variation
variation (var-e-a′shun)

1. Deviation from the type, especially the parent type, in structure, form, physiology, or behavior. 2. SYN: type (3) . [L. variatio, fr. vario, to change, vary]
continuous v. a series of very slight variations.

varication
varication (var-i-ka′shun)

Formation or presence of varices.

variceal
variceal (var-i-se′al, va-ris′e-al)

Of or pertaining to a varix.

varicella
varicella (var-i-sel′a)

An acute contagious disease, usually occurring in children, caused by the v.-zoster virus genus, Varicellovirus, a member of the family Herpesviridae, and marked by a sparse eruption of papules, which become vesicles and then pustules, like that of smallpox although less severe and varying in stages, usually with mild constitutional symptoms; incubation period is about 14–17 days. SEE ALSO: herpes zoster. SYN: chickenpox. [Mod. L. dim. of variola]
v. gangrenosa gangrenous ulceration of v. lesions with or without secondary infection, occurring mainly in children with severe underlying disease.

varicellation
varicellation (var-i-se-la′shun)

Inoculation with the virus of chickenpox as a means of protection against that disease.

varicelliform
varicelliform (var-i-sel′i-form)

Resembling varicella. SYN: varicelloid.

varicelloid
varicelloid (var-i-sel′oyd)

SYN: varicelliform.

Varicellovirus
Varicellovirus (var-e-sel′o-vi′rus)

SYN: varicella-zoster virus.

varices
varices (var′i-sez)

Plural of varix.

variciform
variciform (var′i-si-form, va-ris′i-form)

Resembling a varix. SYN: cirsoid, varicoid.

varico- varico-

A varix, varicose, varicosity. [L. varix, a dilated vein]

varicoblepharon
varicoblepharon (var′i-ko-blef′a-ron)

A varicosity of the eyelid. [varico- + G. blepharon, eyelid]

varicocele
varicocele (var′i-ko-sel)

A condition manifested by abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, caused by incompetent valves in the internal spermatic vein and resulting in impaired drainage of blood into the spermatic cord veins when the patient assumes the upright position. SYN: pampinocele. [varico- + G. kele, tumor, hernia]
ovarian v. a varicose condition of the pampiniform plexus in the broad ligament of the uterus. SYN: tubo-ovarian v., utero-ovarian v..
symptomatic v. a v. caused by obstruction of the internal spermatic vein, usually at the level of the renal vein and usually due to invasive renal cell carcinoma, characterized by failure of the dilated veins in the spermatic cord to empty when the patient assumes a recumbent position.
tubo-ovarian v. SYN: ovarian v..
utero-ovarian v. SYN: ovarian v..

varicocelectomy
varicocelectomy (var′i-ko-se-lek′to-me)

Operation for the correction of a varicocele by ligature and excision and by ligation alone of the dilated veins. [varicocele + G. ektome, excision]

varicography
varicography (var′i-kog′ra-fe)

Radiography of the veins after injection of contrast medium into varicose veins. [varico- + G. grapho, to write]

varicoid
varicoid (var′i-koyd)

SYN: variciform.

varicomphalus
varicomphalus (var-i-kom′fa-lus)

A swelling formed by varicose veins at the umbilicus. [varico- + G. omphalos, navel]

varicophlebitis
varicophlebitis (var′i-ko-fle-bi′tis)

Inflammation of varicose veins. [varico- + G. phleps, vein, + -itis, inflammation]

varicose
varicose (var′i-kos)

Relating to, affected with, or characterized by varices or varicosis.

varicosis
varicosis, pl .varicoses (var-i-ko′sis, -sez)

A dilated or varicose state of a vein or veins. [varico- + G. -osis, condition]

varicosity
varicosity (var-i-kos′i-te)

A varix or varicose condition.

varicotomy
varicotomy (var-i-kot′o-me)

An operation for varicose veins by subcutaneous incision. [varico- + G. tome, a cutting]

varicula
varicula (va-rik′u-la)

A varicose condition of the veins of the conjunctiva. SYN: conjunctival varix. [L. dim. of varix]

varicule
varicule (var′i-kul)

A small varicose vein ordinarily seen in the skin; may be associated with venous stars, venous lakes, or larger varicose veins. [L. varicula, dim. of varix]

variegation
variegation (ver′e-a-ga′shun)

The diversification or alteration of a phenotype produced by a change in the genotype during somatic development.

variola
variola (va-ri′o-la)

SYN: smallpox. [Med. L. dim of L. varius, spotted]
v. benigna SYN: varioloid (2) .
v. hemorrhagica SYN: hemorrhagic smallpox.
v. major SYN: smallpox.
v. maligna malignant smallpox, usually of the hemorrhagic form. SYN: malignant smallpox.
v. miliaris a form of varioloid in which the eruption consists of miliary vesicles without the formation of pustules.
v. minor SYN: alastrim.
v. pemphigosa a form of smallpox in which the eruption consists of pemphigus-like blebs.
v. sine eruptione an abortive form of smallpox in which the disease subsides without the appearance of any eruption, or at most a few papules that never go on to pustulation.
v. vaccine, v. vaccinia SYN: vaccinia.
v. vera smallpox of ordinary severity in the unvaccinated.
v. verrucosa a mild or abortive form of varioloid, the eruption of which consists mainly of papules, with occasionally minute vesicles at the apices, which persist for a time as wartlike lesions. SYN: wartpox.

variolar
variolar (va-ri′o-lar)

Relating to smallpox. SYN: variolic, variolous.

variolate
variolate (var′e-o-lat)

1. To inoculate with smallpox. 2. Pitted or scarred, as if by smallpox.

variolation
variolation (var′e-o-la′shun)

The obsolete process of inoculating a susceptible person with material from a vesicle of a patient with smallpox. SYN: variolization.

variolic
variolic (var-e-ol′ik)

SYN: variolar.

varioliform
varioliform (va-ri′o-li-form, var-e-o′li-form)

SYN: varioloid (1) . [variola + L. forma, form]

variolization
variolization (var′e-o-li-za′shun)

SYN: variolation.

varioloid
varioloid (var′e-o-loyd)

1. Resembling smallpox. SYN: varioliform. 2. A mild form of smallpox occurring in persons who are relatively resistant, usually as a result of a previous vaccination. SYN: modified smallpox, varicelloid smallpox, variola benigna. [variola + G. eidos, resemblance]

variolous
variolous (va-ri′o-lus)

SYN: variolar.

variolovaccine
variolovaccine (va-ri′o-lo-vak′sen)

A vaccine obtained from the eruption following inoculation of a heifer with smallpox from the human.

varix
varix, pl .varices (var′iks, var′i-sez)

1. A dilated vein. 2. An enlarged and tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel. [L. v. (varic-), a dilated vein]
v. anastomoticus SYN: aneurysmal v..
aneurysmal v. dilation and tortuosity of a vein resulting from an acquired communication with an adjacent artery. SYN: Pott aneurysm, v. anastomoticus.
cirsoid v. SYN: cirsoid aneurysm.
conjunctival v. SYN: varicula.
esophageal varices longitudinal venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension; they are superficial and liable to ulceration and massive bleeding.
gelatinous v. a lumpy or nodular condition of the umbilical cord.
lymph v. the formation of varices or cysts in the lymph nodes in consequence of obstruction in the efferent lymphatics.
turbinal v. a condition of permanent dilation of the veins of the turbinated bodies, especially of the inferior turbinate.

varnish (dental)
varnish (dental)

Solutions of natural resins and gums in a suitable solvent, of which a thin coating is applied over the surfaces of the cavity preparations before placement of restorations, used as a protective agent for the tooth against constituents of restorative materials. SYN: cavity liner, vernix.

Varolius
Varolius, Varolio

Constantius (Costanzio), Italian anatomist and physician, 1543–1575. See ileal sphincter, valve of V., pons varolii.

varus
varus (va′rus)

Bent or twisted inward toward the midline of the limb or body; modern accepted usage, particularly in orthopedics, erroneously transposes the meaning of valgus to v., as in genu varum (bow-leg). [Mod. L. bent inward, fr. L. knock-kneed]

vas
vas, gen. vasis, pl .vasa, gen. and pl. vasorum (vas, va′sis, va′sa, va-so′rum) [TA]

A duct or canal conveying any liquid, such as blood, lymph, chyle, or semen. SEE ALSO: vessel. [L. a vessel, dish]
v. aberrans hepatis, pl .vasa aberrantia hepatis blind and/or atrophic bile duct remnants in the fibrous appendix and in the capsule of the liver at the margins of the left lobe and the groove for the inferior vena cava.
v. aberrans of Roth an occasional diverticulum of the rete testis or of the efferent ductules of the testis.
vasa aberrantia SYN: aberrant ductules, under ductule.
v. afferens, pl .vasa afferentia SYN: afferent glomerular arteriole.
v. anastomoticum [TA] SYN: anastomotic vessel.
vasa brevia SYN: short gastric arteries, under artery.
v. capillare [TA] SYN: capillary (2) . See blood capillary, lymph capillary.
vasa chylifera chyle vessels. See lacteal (2) .
v. collaterale SYN: collateral vessel.
v. deferens, pl .vasa deferentia SYN: ductus deferens.
v. efferens, pl .vasa efferentia 1. a vein carrying blood away from a part; SYN: efferent lymphatic, v. lymphaticum efferens. 2. SYN: efferent glomerular arteriole. 3. SYN: efferent ductules of testis, under ductule.
Ferrein vasa aberrantia biliary canaliculi that are not connected with hepatic lobules.
Haller v. aberrans SYN: inferior aberrant ductule.
vasa lymphatica SYN: lymph vessels, under vessel.
v. lymphaticum SYN: lymphatic (3) .
v. lymphaticum afferens SYN: afferent lymphatic.
v. lymphaticum efferens SYN: v. efferens (1) .
v. lymphaticum profundum [TA] SYN: deep lymph vessel.
v. lymphaticum superficiale [TA] SYN: superficial lymph vessel.
vasa nervorum blood vessels supplying nerves.
vasa previa umbilical vessels presenting in advance of the fetal head, usually traversing the membranes and crossing the internal cervical os.
v. prominens ductus cochlearis a blood vessel in the substance of the spiral prominence of the cochler duct.
vasa recta straight vessels into which the efferent arteriole of the juxtamedullary glomeruli breaks up; they form a leash of vessels which, arising at the bases of the pyramids, run through the renal medulla toward the apex of each pyramid, then reverse direction in a hairpin turn, and run straight back again toward the base of the pyramid as venae rectae;
vasa recta renis [TA] arteries penetrating and supplying the renal medulla (pyramids). SYN: arteriolae rectae [TA] , straight arteries&star.
vasa sanguinea auris internae [TA] SYN: vessels of internal ear, under vessel.
vasa sanguinea choroideae [TA] SYN: choroid blood vessels, under blood vessel.
vasa sanguinea intrapulmonalia [TA] SYN: intrapulmonary blood vessels, under blood vessel.
vasa sanguinea retinae [TA] SYN: retinal blood vessels, under blood vessel.
v. sanguineum [TA] SYN: blood vessel.
v. spirale a blood vessel, larger than its fellows, running in the tympanic layer of the basilar membrane just beneath the tunnel of Corti.
vasa vasorum [TA] small arteries distributed to the outer and middle coats of the larger blood vessels, and their corresponding veins. SYN: vessels of vessels.
vasa vorticosa SYN: vorticose veins, under vein.

vas- vas-

A vas, blood vessel. SEE ALSO: vasculo-, vaso-. [L. vas]

vasa
vasa (va′sa)

Plural of vas.

vasal
vasal (va′sal)

Relating to a vas or to vasa.

vascular
vascular (vas′ku-lar)

Relating to or containing blood vessels. [L. vasculum, a small vessel, dim. of vas]

vascularity
vascularity (vas-ku-lar′i-te)

The condition of being vascular.

vascularization
vascularization (vas′ku-lar-i-za′shun)

The formation of new blood vessels in a part. SYN: arterialization (3) .

vascularized
vascularized (vas-ku-lar-izd)

Rendered vascular by the formation of new vessels.

vasculature
vasculature (vas′ku-la-choor)

The vascular network of an organ.

vasculitis
vasculitis (vas-ku-li′tis)

SYN: angiitis.
cutaneous v. an acute form of v. that may affect the skin only, but also may involve other organs, with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate in the walls of and surrounding small (dermal) vessels. Nuclear fragments are formed by karyorrhexis of the neutrophils. SEE ALSO: leukocytoclastic v.. SYN: hypersensitivity v..
hypersensitivity v. SYN: cutaneous v..
hypocomplementemic v. SYN: urticarial v..
leukocytoclastic v. cutaneous acute v. characterized clinically by palpable purpura, especially of the legs, and histologically by exudation of the neutrophils and sometimes fibrin around dermal venules, with nuclear dust and extravasation of red cells; may be limited to the skin or involve other tissues as in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. SEE ALSO: cutaneous v.. [G. leukos, white, + kytos, cell, + klastos, broken, fr. klao, to break]
livedo v. hyaline degeneration of the walls of small dermal blood vessels with thrombolic occlusion seen with cryoglobulinemia or in atrophie blanche. No necrosis is seen.
nodular v. chronic or recurrent nodular lesions of subcutaneous tissue, especially of the legs of older women, with lobular panniculitis, granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells, focal necrosis, and obliterative inflammation of the small blood vessels, resembling erythema induratum but without evidence of associated tuberculosis.
urticarial v. painful, purpuric cutaneous lesions resembling urticaria but lasting more than 24 hours, with biopsy findings of leukocytoclastic v. and variable systemic changes, often with hypocomplementemia. SYN: hypocomplementemic v..

vasculo- vasculo-

A blood vessel. SEE ALSO: vas-, vaso-. [L. vasculum, a small vessel, dim. of vas]

vasculocardiac
vasculocardiac (vas′ku-lo-kar′de-ak)

SYN: cardiovascular.

vasculogenesis
vasculogenesis (vas′ku-lo-jen′e-sis)

Formation of the vascular system. [vasculo- + G. genesis, production]

vasculomotor
vasculomotor (vas′koo-lo-mo′ter)

SYN: vasomotor.

vasculomyelinopathy
vasculomyelinopathy (vas′ku-lo-mi-e-li-nop′a-the)

Small cerebral vessel vasculopathy with subsequent perivascular demyelination, presumably due to circulating immune complexes.

vasculopathy
vasculopathy (vas-ku-lop′a-the)

Any disease of the blood vessels. [vasculo- + G. pathos, disease]

vasculum
vasculum, pl .vascula (vas′ku-lum, -la)

A small vessel. [L. dim of vas, a vessel]

vasectomy
vasectomy (va-sek′to-me)

Excision of a segment of the vas deferens, performed in association with prostatectomy, or to produce sterility. [vas- + G. ektome, excision]

vasifaction
vasifaction (vas-i-fak′shun)

SYN: angiopoiesis.

vasifactive
vasifactive (vas-i-fak′tiv)

SYN: angiopoietic.

vasiform
vasiform (vas′i-form)

Having the shape of a vas or tubular structure.

vasitis
vasitis (va-si′tis)

SYN: deferentitis.
v. nodosa (va-si′tis no-do′sa) an inflammatory condition of the vas deferens characterized by the presence of numerous epithelium-lined spaces with the muscularis and adventitia, often containing spermatozoa; usually seen after vasectomy, and may clinically and microscopically mimic adenocarcinoma. SEE ALSO: vas deferens.

vaso- vaso-

Vas, blood vessel. SEE ALSO: vas-, vasculo-. [L. vas, a vessel]

vasoactive
vasoactive (va-so-ak′tiv, vas-o-)

Influencing the tone and caliber of blood vessels.

vasoconstriction
vasoconstriction (va′so-kon-strik′shun, vas′o-)

Narrowing of the blood vessels.
active v. reduced caliber of a vessel caused by increased tonus in the smooth muscle in its walls.
passive v. reduced caliber of a vessel caused by decreased intraluminal pressure.

vasoconstrictive
vasoconstrictive (va′so-kon-strik′tiv, vas′o-)

1. Causing narrowing of the blood vessels. 2. SYN: vasoconstrictor (1) .

vasoconstrictor
vasoconstrictor (va′so-kon-strik′ter, vas′o-)

1. An agent that causes narrowing of the blood vessels. SYN: vasoconstrictive (2) . 2. A nerve, stimulation of which causes vascular constriction.

vasodentin
vasodentin (va-so-den′tin, vas-o-)

Dentin in which the primitive capillaries have remained uncalcified and so are wide enough to give passage to the formed elements of the blood. SYN: vascular dentin.

vasodepression
vasodepression (va′so-de-presh′un, vas′o)

Reduction of tone in blood vessels with vasodilation and resulting in lowered blood pressure.

vasodepressor
vasodepressor (va′so-de-pres′er, vas′o)

1. Producing vasodepression. 2. SYN: depressor (4) .

vasodilatation
vasodilatation (va′so-dil-a-ta′shun, vas′o-)

SYN: vasodilation.

vasodilation
vasodilation (va′so-di-la′shun, vas-o-)

Widening of the lumen of blood vessels. SYN: vasodilatation.
active v. v. caused by a decrease in tonus of smooth muscle in the wall of a vessel.
passive v. v. related to increased pressure in lumen of a vessel.

vasodilative
vasodilative (va′so-di-la′tiv, vas′o-)

1. Causing dilation of the blood vessels. 2. SYN: vasodilator (1) .

vasodilator
vasodilator (va′so-di-la′ter, vas′o-)

1. An agent that causes dilation of the blood vessels. SYN: vasodilative (2) . 2. A nerve, stimulation of which results in dilation of the blood vessels.

vasoepididymostomy
vasoepididymostomy (va′so-ep-i-did-i-mos′to-me, vas′o-)

Surgical anastomosis of the vasa deferentia to the epididymis, to bypass an obstruction at the level of the mid to distal epididymis or proximal vas. [vaso- + epididymis + G. stoma, mouth]

vasofactive
vasofactive (va-so-fak′tiv, vas-o-)

SYN: angiopoietic.

vasoformation
vasoformation (va-so-for-ma′shun, vas-o-)

SYN: angiopoiesis.

vasoformative
vasoformative (va-so-for′ma-tiv, vas-o-)

SYN: angiopoietic.

vasoganglion
vasoganglion (va-so-gang′gle-on, vas-o-)

A mass of blood vessels.

vasography
vasography (va-sog′ra-fe)

Radiography of the vas deferens to determine patency, by injecting contrast medium into its lumen either transurethrally or by open vasotomy. [vas + G. grapho, to write]

vasoinhibitor
vasoinhibitor (va′so-in-hib′i-ter, vas′o-)

An agent that restricts or prevents the functioning of the vasomotor nerves.

vasoinhibitory
vasoinhibitory (va′so-in-hib′i-tor-e, vas′o-)

Restraining vasomotor action.

vasolabile
vasolabile (va-so-la′bil, -bil, vas-o-)

Characterizing the condition in which there is lability or active vasomotion of blood vessels.

vasoligation
vasoligation (va′so-li-ga′shun, vas′o-)

Ligation of the vas deferens, usually after its division.

vasomotion
vasomotion (va-so-mo′shun, vas-o-)

Change in caliber of a blood vessel.

vasomotor
vasomotor (va-so-mo′ter, vas-o-)

1. Causing dilation or constriction of the blood vessels. 2. Denoting the nerves which have this action. SYN: vasculomotor.

vasoneuropathy
vasoneuropathy (va′so-noo-rop′a-the, vas′o-)

Any disease involving both the nerves and blood vessels. [vaso- + G. neuron, nerve, + pathos, suffering]

vaso-orchidostomy
vaso-orchidostomy (va′so-or-ki-dos′to-me, vas′o-)

Reestablishment of the interrupted seminiferous channels by uniting the tubules of the epididymis or of the rete testis to the divided end of the vas deferens. [vaso- + G. orchis, testis, + stoma, mouth]

vasoparalysis
vasoparalysis (va′so-pa-ral′i-sis, vas′o-)

Paralysis, atonia, or hypotonia of blood vessels. SYN: angiohypotonia, angioparalysis.

vasoparesis
vasoparesis (va′so-pa-re′sis, -par′e-sis, vas′o-)

A mild degree of vasoparalysis. SYN: angioparesis, vasomotor paralysis. [vaso- + G. paresis, weakness]

vasopressin
vasopressin (VP) (va-so-pres′in, vas-o-)

A nonapeptide neurohypophysial hormone related to oxytocin and vasotocin; synthetically prepared or obtained from the posterior lobe of the pituitary of healthy domestic animals. In pharmacological doses v. causes contraction of smooth muscle, notably that of all blood vessels; large doses may produce cerebral or coronary arterial spasm. SYN: antidiuretic hormone, Pitressin. [vaso- + L. premo, pp. pressum, to press down, + -in]
arginine v. (AVP) v. containing an arginyl residue in position 8 (as in chickens and most mammals, including humans); porcine v. has a lysyl residue at position 8. All are vasopressors. SYN: argipressin.

vasopressor
vasopressor (va-so-pres′er, vas-o-)

1. Producing vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure, usually understood to be systemic arterial pressure unless otherwise specified. 2. An agent that has this effect.

vasopuncture
vasopuncture (va-so-punk′choor, vas-o-)

The act of puncturing a vessel with a needle.

vasoreflex
vasoreflex (va-so-re′fleks, vas′o-)

A reflex that influences the caliber of blood vessels.

vasorelaxation
vasorelaxation (va′so-re-lak-sa′shun, vas-o)

Reduction in tension of the walls of the blood vessels.

vasosection
vasosection (va-so-sek′shun, vas-o-)

SYN: vasotomy.

vasosensory
vasosensory (va-so-sen′ser-e, vas-o-)

1. Relating to sensation in the blood vessels. 2. Denoting sensory nerve fibers innervating blood vessels.

vasospasm
vasospasm (va′so-spazm, vas′o-)

Contraction or hypertonia of the muscular coats of the blood vessels. SYN: angiohypertonia, angiospasm.

vasospastic
vasospastic (va-so-spas′tik, vas-o-)

Relating to or characterized by vasospasm. SYN: angiospastic.

vasostimulant
vasostimulant (va-so-stim′u-lant)

1. Exciting vasomotor action. 2. An agent that excites the vasomotor nerves to action. 3. SYN: vasotonic (2) .

vasostomy
vasostomy (va-sos′to-me)

Establishment of an opening into the deferent duct. [vaso- + G. stoma, mouth]

vasothrombin
vasothrombin (va-so-throm′bin, vas-o-)

Thrombin derived from the lining cells of the blood vessels.

vasotocin
vasotocin (va-so-to′sin, vas-o-)

A nonapeptide hormone of the neurohypophysis of subvertebrates, with activities similar to that of vasopressin and oxytocin; chemically identical with human vasopressin except for an isoleucyl residue at position 3; thus [3-isoleucine]vasopressin or [Ile³]vasopressin. [vaso, pressin + oxytocin]
arginine v. v. with arginyl residue at position 8 (identical with arginine oxytocin). SEE ALSO: arginine vasopressin.

vasotomy
vasotomy (va-sot′o-me)

Incision into or division of the vas deferens. SYN: vasosection. [vaso- + G. tome, incision]

vasotonia
vasotonia (va-so-to′ne-a, vas-o-)

The tone of blood vessels, particularly the arterioles. [vaso- + G. tonos, tone]

vasotonic
vasotonic (va-so-ton′ik, vas-o-)

1. Relating to vascular tone. 2. An agent that increases vascular tension. SYN: vasostimulant (3) .

vasotrophic
vasotrophic (va-so-trof′ik, vas-o-)

Relating to the nutrition of the blood vessels or the lymphatics. [vaso- + G. trophe, nourishment]

vasotropic
vasotropic (va-so-tro′pik, vas-o-)

Tending to act on the blood vessels. [vaso- + G. trope, a turning]

vasovagal
vasovagal (va-so-va′gal, vas-o-)

Relating to the action of the vagus nerve upon the blood vessels.

vasovasostomy
vasovasostomy (va′so-va-sos′to-me, vas′o-)

Surgical anastomosis of vasa deferentia, to restore fertility in a previously vasectomized male. [vaso- + vaso- + G. stoma, mouth]

vasovesiculectomy
vasovesiculectomy (va′so-ve-sik-u-lek′to-me, vas′o-)

Excision of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. [vaso- + L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. ektome, excision]

vastomy
vastomy (vas′to-me)

Section of the vas deferens, usually with ligation. [vas + G. tome, a cutting]

vastus
vastus (vas′tus)

Great. See v. intermedius (muscle), v. lateralis (muscle), v. medialis (muscle ). [L.]

VATER
VATER

Acronym for vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, and radial and renal anomalies. See V. complex.

Vater
Vater

Abraham, German anatomist and botanist, 1684–1751. See ampulla of V., V. corpuscles, under corpuscle, V. fold, V.-Pacini corpuscles, under corpuscle.

VATS
VATS

Abbreviation for video-assisted thoracic surgery.

vault
vault (vawlt)

A part resembling an arched roof or dome, e.g., the pharyngeal v. or fornix, the nonmuscular upper part of the nasopharynx; the palatine v., arch of the plate; v. of the vagina, fornix of vagina. [thr. O. Fr., fr. L. volvo, pp. volutus, to turn round]
cranial v. SYN: neurocranium.
v. of pharynx [TA] the nonmuscular, noncollapsing upper end of the nasopharynx where the pharyngeal mucosa is firmly applied to the body of the sphenoid bone and to pharyngobasilar fascia. SYN: fornix pharyngis [TA] , pharyngeal fornix.

V-bends
V-bends

V-shaped bends incorporated in an archwire, usually placed mesially or distally to the canines (cuspids) and used as a “dead” area of wire through which torquing bends may be placed.

VC
VC

Abbreviation for colored vision; vital capacity.

VCUG
VCUG

Abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram.

VDRL
VDRL

Abbreviation for Venereal Disease Research Laboratories. See V. test.

vection
vection (vek′shun)

Transference of the agents of disease from an infected to an uninfected individual by a vector. [L. vectio, conveyance]

vectis
vectis (vek′tis)

An instrument resembling one of the blades of an obstetrical forceps, used as an aid in delivery by making leverge on the presenting part of the fetus. [L. a lever or bar]

vector
vector (vek′ter, tor)

1. An invertebrate animal ( e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) capable of transmitting an infectious agent among vertebrates. 2. Anything ( e.g., velocity, mechanical force, electromotive force) having magnitude and direction; it can be represented by a straight line of appropriate length and direction. 3. The net electrical axis of any ECG wave (usually QRS) whose length is proportional to the magnitude of the electrical force, whose direction gives the direction of the force, and whose tip represents the positive pole of the force. 4. DNA such as a chromosome or plasmid that autonomously replicates in a cell to which another DNA segment may be inserted and be itself replicated, as in cloning. 5. SYN: recombinant v.. 6. Recombinant DNA systems especially suited for production of large quantities of specific proteins in bacterial, yeast, insect, or mammalian cell systems. [L. v., a carrier]
biologic v. a v., such as the Anopheles mosquito for malarial agents or the tsetse fly for agents of African sleeping sickness, in which the agent multiplies prior to being transmitted to another host.
cloning v. an autonomously replicating plasmid or phage with regions that are not essential for its propagation in bacteria and into which foreign DNA can be inserted; this foreign DNA is replicated and propagated as if it were a normal component of the v..
expression v. a v. (plasmid, yeast, or animal virus genome) used experimentally to introduce foreign genetic material into a propagatable host cell in order to replicate and amplify the foreign DNA sequences as a recombinant molecule (recombinant DNA cloning of sequences).
instantaneous v. the resultant v. of the heart's action currents at any given moment, usually represented as an arrow of appropriate direction and magnitude.
manifest v. projection of a spatial cardiac v. on a single plane.
mean v. a single cardiac v. representing the average of all vectors present during a given time interval. SYN: mean manifest v..
mean manifest v. SYN: mean v..
mechanical v. a v. that conveys pathogens to a susceptible individual without essential biologic development of the pathogens in the v., as in the transfer of septic organisms on the feet or mouth parts of the housefly.
recombinant v. a v. into which a foreign DNA has been inserted. SYN: v. (5) .
retroviral v. a specially constructed retrovirus containing one or more genes to correct certain genetic disorders.
shuttle v. a v. (4) that contains both bacterial and eukaryotic replication signals; thus, replication can occur in both types of cells.
spatial v. a cardiac v. represented in more than one plane simultaneously; two- or three-dimensional orientation of a v..

vector-borne
vector-borne (vek′ter-born)

Denoting a disease or infection that is transmitted by an invertebrate vector.

vectorcardiogram
vectorcardiogram (vek′tor-kar′de-o-gram)

A graphic representation of the instant-to-instant magnitude and direction of the heart's action currents in the form of vector loops.

vectorcardiography
vectorcardiography

The integration of scalar electrocardiographic recordings on two or three planes to produce a vectorcardiogram consisting of loops divided by a timing mechanism for all the waves of the electrocardiogram.
spatial v. three-dimensional v. in which vector loops are inscribed in frontal, sagittal, and horizontal planes.

vectorial
vectorial (vek-tor′e-al)

Relating in any way to a vector.

vecuronium bromide
vecuronium bromide (ve-ku-ro′ne-um)

A nondepolarizing neuromuscular relaxant with a relatively short duration of action; a monoquaternary homolog of pancuronium.

VEE
VEE

Abbreviation for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis.

vegan
vegan (veg′an)

A strict vegetarian; i.e., one who consumes no animal or dairy products of any type. Cf.:vegetarian.

vegetable
vegetable (vej′ta-bl, vej′e-ta-bl)

1. A plant, specifically one used for food. 2. Relating to plants, as distinguished from animals or minerals. SYN: vegetal (1) . [M.E., fr. L. vegetabilis (see vegetation)]

vegetal
vegetal (vej′e-tal)

1. SYN: vegetable (2) . 2. Denoting the vital functions common to plants and animals, such as respiration, metabolism, growth, generation, etc., distinguished from those peculiar to animals, such as conscious sensation and the mental faculties.

vegetality
vegetality (vej-e-tal′i-te)

The aggregate of the vital functions common to both plants and animals.

vegetarian
vegetarian (vej-e-tar′e-an)

One whose diet is restricted to foods of vegetable origin, excluding primarily animal meats. Cf.:vegan.
lacto-ovo-v. a v. who consumes dairy products and eggs but does not eat animal flesh.
ovo-v. a v. who consumes eggs but does not consume dairy products nor animal flesh.
semi-v. a v. who consumes dairy products, eggs, chicken, and fish, but does not consume other animal flesh.

vegetarianism
vegetarianism (vej-e-tar′e-an-izm)

The practice as to diet of a vegetarian.

vegetation
vegetation (vej-e-ta′shun)

1. The process of growth in plants. 2. A condition of sluggishness, comparable to the inactivity of plant life. 3. A growth or excrescence of any sort. 4. Specifically, a clot, composed largely of fused blood platelets, fibrin, and sometimes microorganisms, adherent to a diseased heart orifice or valve, and often initiated by infection of the structures involved. [Mod. L. vegetatio, growth]
bacterial vegetations lesions of bacterial endocarditis that form anywhere on the endocardium but preferentially on higher pressure and injured areas and particularly valves. They may also appear on arterial intima and in a patent ductus arteriosus and other areas of shunt inside and outside the heart.
verrucous vegetations wart-like vegetations sometimes due to endocarditis, also related to degenerative changes on the valves and amyloidosis.

vegetative
vegetative (vej′e-ta-tiv)

1. Growing or functioning involuntarily or unconsciously, after the assumed manner of vegetable life; denoting especially a state of grossly impaired consciousness, as after severe head trauma or brain disease, in which an individual is incapable of voluntary or purposeful acts and only responds reflexively to painful stimuli. 2. Resting; not active; denoting the stage of a cell or its nucleus in which the process of karyokinesis is quiescent. SEE ALSO: vegetation.

vegetoanimal
vegetoanimal (vej′e-to-an′i-mal)

Relating to both plants and animals.

vehicle
vehicle (ve′hi-kl)

1. An excipient or a menstruum; a substance, usually without therapeutic action, used as a medium to give bulk for the administration of medicines. 2. An inanimate substance ( e.g., food, milk, dust, clothing, instrument) by which or upon which an infectious agent passes from an infected to a susceptible host; vehicles consequently act as important sources of infection. [L. vehiculum, a conveyance, fr. veho, to carry]

veil
veil (val)

1. SYN: velum (1) . 2. SYN: caul (1) . [L. velum]
aqueduct v. a membrane obstructing the sylvian aqueduct, causing a noncommunicating hydrocephalus.
Jackson v. SYN: Jackson membrane.
Sattler v. a diffuse edema of the corneal epithelium that may develop after wearing contact lenses.

Veillonella
Veillonella (va′yo-nel′a)

A genus of nonmotile, non–spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria (family Veillonellaceae) containing small (0.3–0.5 μm in diameter), Gram-negative cocci which occur as diplococci short chains and in masses. Carbon dioxide is required for growth, and carbohydrates are not fermented. These organisms are parasitic in the mouth and the intestinal and respiratory tracts of humans and other animals; they produce serologically specific endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) that induce pyrogenicity and the Schwarzman phenomenon in rabbits; in humans, they have been associated with human bite infections and as a component of polymicrobial abscesses. The type species is V. parvula. [Adrien Veillon, French bacteriologist, 1864–1931]
V. alcalescens alcalescens a bacterial subspecies found primarily in the mouth of humans but occasionally in the buccal cavity of rabbits and rats; it is the type subspecies of the species V. alcalescens.
V. alcalescens dispar a subspecies found in the mouth and respiratory tract of humans.
V. alcalesens a bacterial species found in the saliva of humans and other animals.
V. atypica SYN: V. parvula atypica.
V. parvula a bacterial species found normally as a harmless parasite in the natural cavities, especially the mouth and digestive tract, of humans and other animals; it is the type species of the genus V..
V. parvula atypica a bacterial subspecies found in the buccal cavity of rats and humans. SYN: V. atypica.
V. parvula parvula a bacterial subspecies found in the mouth or the intestinal or respiratory tract of humans; it is the type subspecies of the species V. parvula.
V. parvula rodentium a bacterial subspecies found in the buccal cavity and intestinal tract of hamsters, rats, and rabbits. SYN: V. rodentium.
V. rodentium SYN: V. parvula rodentium.

Veillonellaceae
Veillonellaceae (va′yo-ne-la′se-e)

A family of nonmotile, non–spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria (order Eubacteriales) containing Gram-negative (with a tendency to resist decolorization) cocci which vary in diameter from small (0.3–0.5 μm) to large (2.5 μm). Characteristically, they occur in pairs; single cells, masses, or chains may also occur, but the chains may show gaps illustrating the basic diplococcal arrangement. These organisms are chemoorganotrophic; they may or may not ferment carbohydrates; they are parasites of homothermic animals such as humans, ruminants, rodents, and pigs, and are primarily found in the alimentary tract. The type genus is Veillonella.

vein
vein (van) [TA]

A blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart; postnatally, all veins except the pulmonary carry dark unoxygenated blood. SYN: vena [TA] . [L. vena]
accessory cephalic v. [TA] a variable v. that passes along the radial border of the forearm to join the cephalic v. near the elbow. SYN: vena cephalica accessoria [TA] .
accessory hemiazygos v. [TA] formed by the union of the fourth to seventh left posterior intercostal veins, passes along the side of the bodies of the fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic vertebrae, then crosses the midline behind the aorta, esophagus, and thoracic duct, and empties into the azygos v., sometimes in common with the hemiazygos v.. SYN: vena hemiazygos accessoria [TA] , vena azygos minor superior.
accessory saphenous v. [TA] an occasional v. running in the thigh parallel to the great saphenous v. which it joins just before the latter empties into the femoral v.. SYN: vena saphena accessoria [TA] .
accessory vertebral v. [TA] a v. that accompanies the vertebral v. but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra and opens independently into the brachiocephalic v.. SYN: vena vertebralis accessoria [TA] .
accompanying v. SYN: vena comitans.
accompanying v. of hypoglossal nerve SYN: vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve.
anastomotic veins inferior anastomotic v., superior anastomotic v..
angular v. [TA] a short v. at the medial angle of the eye, formed by the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins and continuing as the facial v.. SYN: vena angularis [TA] .
anonymous veins obsolete term for (left and right) brachiocephalic veins.
anterior auricular v. [TA] one of several veins draining the auricle and acoustic meatus and emptying into the retromandibular v.. SYN: vena auricularis anterior, vena preauricularis.
anterior basal v. [TA] SYN: vena basalis anterior [TA] , anterior basal branch of superior basal v. (of right and left inferior pulmonary veins)&star, ramus basalis anterior venae basalis superioris&star.
anterior cardiac veins [TA] two or three small veins in the anterior wall of the right ventricle opening directly into the right atrium independently of the coronary sinus. SYN: venae cardiacae anteriores [TA] .
anterior cerebral veins [TA] small veins that parallel the anterior cerebral artery and drain into the basal v.. SYN: venae anteriores cerebri [TA] .
anterior ciliary veins [TA] several small veins, anterior and posterior, coming from the ciliary body. SYN: venae ciliares anteriores [TA] .
anterior circumflex humeral v. [TA] v. accompanying the artery of the same name, passing anterior to the surgical neck of the humerus to enter the axillary v.. SYN: vena circumflexa humeri anterior [TA] .
anterior facial v. SYN: facial v..
anterior intercostal veins [TA] tributaries to the musculophrenic or internal thoracic veins from the anterior portions of intercostal spaces. SYN: venae intercostales anteriores [TA] .
anterior jugular v. [TA] it arises below the chin from veins draining the lower lip and mental region, descends the anterior portion of the neck superficial or deep to the investing cervical fascia, and terminates in the external jugular v. at the lateral border of the scalenus anterior muscle. SYN: vena jugularis anterior [TA] .
anterior labial veins [TA] tributaries of the femoral or external pudendal veins draining the mons pubis and anterior labia majora. SYN: venae labiales anteriores [TA] .
anterior pontomesencephalic v. a v. in the midline of the interpeduncular fossa on the superior and anterior aspect of the pons; it communicates with the basal v. superiorly and the petrosal v. inferiorly. SYN: vena pontomesencephalica anterior.
(anterior and posterior) vestibular veins [TA] veins draining the saccule and utricle; they are tributaries of both the labyrinthine veins and the v. of the vestibular aqueduct. SYN: venae vestibulares (anterius et posterius) [TA] .
anterior scrotal veins [TA] tributaries of the femoral or external pudendal veins draining the anterior aspect of the scrotum and the skin and dartos fascia of the shaft and base of the penis. SYN: venae scrotales anteriores [TA] .
anterior v. of septum pellucidum [TA] v. draining the anterior part of the transparent septum; it empties into the superior thalamostriate v.. SYN: vena anterior septi pellucidi [TA] .
anterior tibial veins [TA] the venae comitantes of the anterior tibial artery that empty into the popliteal v.. SYN: venae tibiales anteriores [TA] .
anterior vertebral v. [TA] the small v. that accompanies the ascending cervical artery; it opens below into the vertebral v.. SYN: vena vertebralis anterior [TA] .
apical v. [TA] SYN: vena apicalis [TA] , apical branch of right superior pulmonary v.&star, ramus apicalis venae pulmonalis dextrae superioris&star.
apicoposterior v. [TA] drains the apicoposterior bronchopulmonary segment of the superior lobe of the left lung. SYN: vena apicoposterior [TA] , apicoposterior branch of left superior pulmonary v.&star, ramus apicoposterior venae pulmonalis sinistrae superioris&star.
appendicular v. [TA] the tributary of the ileocolic v. that accompanies the appendicular artery. SYN: vena appendicularis [TA] .
aqueous v. a tributary of the anterior ciliary v. that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae.
arciform veins of kidney SYN: arcuate veins of kidney.
arcuate veins of kidney veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in interlobar veins. SYN: arciform veins of kidney, venae arcuatae renis.
arterial v. so called because it ramifies like an artery (portal v.) or because, while proceeding from the heart like an artery, it contains unoxygenated blood, like a v. (pulmonary artery). SYN: vena arteriosa.
ascending lumbar v. [TA] paired, vertical v. of the posterior abdominal wall, adjacent and parallel to the vertebral column, posterior to the origin of the psoas major muscle; it connects the common iliac, iliolumbar, and lumbar veins in the paravertebral line, the right v. joining the right subcostal v. to form the azygos v., the left v. uniting with the left subcostal v. to form the hemiazygos v.. SYN: vena lumbalis ascendens [TA] .
auricular veins anterior auricular v., posterior auricular v..
axillary v. [TA] a continuation of the basilic and brachial veins running from the lower border of the teres major muscle to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the subclavian v.. SYN: vena axillaris [TA] .
azygos v. [TA] arises from the merger of the right ascending lumbar v. with the right subcostal v. and often a communication with the inferior vena cava; ascends through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm or its right crus; it runs along the right side of the thoracic vertebral bodies in the posterior mediastinum, and terminates by arching anteriorly over the root of the right lung to enter the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava. SYN: vena azygos [TA] , azygos (2) , vena azygos major.
basal v. a large v. originating from the confluence of veins from the orbital cortex (anterior cerebral veins [TA]) and the area of the insular cortex [deep middle cerebral v. [TA] (vena media profunda cerebri [TA]), insular veins [TA] (venae insulares [TA])], and passing caudally and dorsally along the medial surface of the temporal lobe, eventually emptying into the great cerebral v.. The basal v. receives tributaries from structures along its course; these include v. of olfactory gyrus [TA] (vena gyri olfactori [TA]), inferior thalamostriate veins [TA] (venae thalamostriatae inferiores [TA]), inferior ventricular v. [TA] (vena ventricularis inferior [TA]), inferior choroid v. [TA] (vena choroidea inferior [TA]), and peduncular veins [TA] (venae pedunculares [TA]). SEE ALSO: common basal v., inferior basal v., superior basal v.. SYN: vena basalis [TA] , basal v. of Rosenthal, Rosenthal v..
basal v. of Rosenthal SYN: basal v..
basilic v. [TA] arises from the ulnar side of the dorsal venous network of the hand; it curves around the medial side of the forearm (as the basilic v. of forearm), communicates with the cephalic v. via the median cubital v., and passes up the medial side of the arm to join the axillary v.. SYN: vena basilica [TA] .
basivertebral veins [TA] veins in the spongy substance of the bodies of the vertebrae, emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus. SYN: venae basivertebrales [TA] .
Baumgarten veins nonobliterated remnants of the vena umbilicalis.
Boyd communicating perforation v. a v. connecting the superficial and deep venous system in the anteromedial calf.
brachial veins [TA] venae comitantes of the brachial artery which empty into the axillary v.. SYN: venae brachiales [TA] .
Breschet v. SYN: diploic v..
bronchial veins [TA] many veins running in front of and behind the bronchi and uniting into two main trunks which empty on the right side into the azygos v., on the left into the accessory hemiazygos or the left superior intercostal v.. SYN: venae bronchiales [TA] .
Browning v. SYN: inferior anastomotic v..
v. of bulb of penis [TA] a tributary of the internal pudendal v. that drains the bulb of the penis. SYN: vena bulbi penis [TA] .
v. of bulb of vestibule [TA] the v. draining the bulb of the vestibule; a tributary of the internal pudendal v.. SYN: vena bulbi vestibuli [TA] , v. of vestibular bulb.
Burow v. 1. an occasional v. passing from the inferior epigastric, sometimes receiving a tributary from the urinary bladder, which empties into the portal v.; 2. one of the renal veins.
capillary v. SYN: venule.
cardiac veins anterior cardiac veins, great cardiac v., middle cardiac v., smallest cardiac veins.
cardinal veins the major systemic venous channels in adult primitive vertebrates and in the embryos of higher vertebrates; the anterior cardinal veins are the major drainage channels from the cephalic part of the body, and the posterior cardinal veins, from the caudal part; the common cardinal veins, formed by the anastomosis of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins, are the main systemic return channels to the heart; in the older literature, sometimes called Cuvier ducts.
veins of caudate nucleus [TA] small veins from the caudate nucleus draining into the superior thalamostriate v.. SYN: venae nuclei caudati [TA] .
cavernous veins of penis [TA] the cavernous venous spaces in the erectile tissue of the penis. SYN: venae cavernosae penis [TA] .
central veins of liver [TA] initial v. of the hepatic venous system, located in the center of the conceptual hepatic lobule, receiving blood from sinuses and draining into collecting veins that become hepatic veins. SYN: Krukenberg veins, venae centrales hepatis.
central retinal v. [TA] the v., formed by union of the retinal veins; accompanies the artery of the same name in the optic nerve. SYN: vena centralis retinae [TA] .
central v. of suprarenal gland [TA] the single draining v. of the gland; it receives a number of medullary veins; on the right side it empties directly into the inferior vena cava and on the left into the left renal v.. SYN: vena centralis glandulae suprarenalis [TA] .
cephalic v. [TA] subcutaneous v. that arises at the radial border of the dorsal venous network of the hand, passes upward in front of the elbow and along the lateral side of the arm; it empties into the upper part of the axillary v.. SYN: vena cephalica [TA] .
cephalic v. of forearm [TA] portion of cephalic v. between the dorsal venous network of the hand and the elbow (cubital) region. SYN: vena cephalica antebrachii [TA] .
cerebellar veins [TA] the veins draining the cerebellum. See inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, petrosal v., precentral cerebellar v., inferior v. of vermis, superior v. of vermis. SYN: venae cerebelli [TA] , veins of cerebellum.
veins of cerebellum SYN: cerebellar veins.
cerebral veins anterior cerebral veins, deep middle cerebral v., great cerebral v., superficial middle cerebral v..
cervical v. deep cervical v..
choroid v. inferior choroid v., superior choroid v..
choroid veins of eye SYN: vorticose veins.
circumflex veins anterior circumflex humeral v., circumflex scapular v., deep circumflex iliac v., lateral circumflex femoral veins, medial circumflex femoral veins, posterior circumflex humeral v., superficial circumflex iliac v..
circumflex scapular v. [TA] v. accompanying the artery of the same name draining the structures of infraspinous fossa around the lateral side of the scapula into the subscapular v..
v. of cochlear aqueduct SYN: v. of cochlear canaliculus.
v. of cochlear canaliculus v. that drains the basal turn of the cochlea, the sacculus, and part of the utriculus, and empties into the superior bulb of the jugular v. by accompanying the perilymphatic duct (cochlear aquduct) through the cochlear canaliculus. SYN: v. of cochlear aqueduct, vena aqueductus cochleae, vena canaliculi cochleae.
v. of cochlear window [TA] v. of the internal ear draining the region of the round window; drains into the vestibulocochlear v.. SYN: vena fenestrae cochleae [TA] .
Cockett communicating perforating veins mid-thigh perforation veins that connect the deep and superficial venous systems.
colic veins right colic v., middle colic v., left colic v..
common basal v. [TA] the tributary to the inferior pulmonary v. (right and left) that receives blood from the superior and inferior basal veins. SYN: vena basalis communis [TA] .
common cardinal veins cardinal veins.
common facial v. a short vessel formed by the union of the facial v. and the retromandibular v., emptying into the jugular v.; considered to be a continuation of the facial v. in the NA. SYN: vena facialis communis.
common iliac v. [TA] formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins at the brim of the pelvis and passes upward behind the internal iliac artery to the right side of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra where it unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava; the left common iliac v. is submitted to a pulsating compression by the right common iliac artery against the vertebral column which may result in partial obstruction of the v.. SYN: vena iliaca communis [TA] .
common modiolar v. [TA] the v. running a spiral course in the modiolus of the cochlea; it is tributary to both the labyrinthine v. and the v. of the cochlear aqueduct. SYN: vena modioli communis [TA] , spiral v. of modiolus, vena spiralis modioli.
companion veins SYN: venae comitantes, under vena.
condylar emissary v. [TA] a v. that connects the sigmoid sinus and the external vertebral venous plexuses through the condylar canal of the occipital bone. SYN: vena emissaria condylaris [TA] , emissarium condyloideum.
conjunctival veins [TA] the veins of the conjunctiva that drain primarily to the ophthalmic veins. SYN: venae conjunctivales [TA] .
coronary v. SYN: left gastric v..
v. of corpus striatum SYN: superior thalamostriate v..
costoaxillary v. one of a number of anastomotic veins connecting the intercostal veins of the first to seventh intercostal spaces with the lateral thoracic or the thoracoepigastric v..
cutaneous v. SYN: superficial v..
Cuvier veins the common cardinal veins of the embryo. See cardinal veins.
cystic veins [TA] veins, usually anterior and posterior, which drain the neck of the gallbladder and cystic duct, along which they pass to enter the right branch of the portal v.; they communicate extensively with surrounding veins of the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas. SYN: vena cystica [TA] .
deep cerebral veins [TA] the numerous veins draining the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres; they empty into the tributaries of the great cerebral v.. SYN: venae profundae cerebri [TA] .
deep cervical v. [TA] large v. running with the artery of the same name between the semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis, draining the deep muscles at the back of the neck and emptying into the brachiocephalic or the vertebral v.. SYN: vena cervicalis profunda [TA] , vena colli profunda&star.
deep circumflex iliac v. [TA] corresponds to the artery of the same name, courses medially parallel to the inguinal ligament, and empties, near or in a common trunk with the inferior epigastric v., into the external iliac v.. SYN: vena circumflexa iliaca profunda [TA] .
deep veins of clitoris [TA] the veins that pass from the dorsum of the clitoris to join the vesical plexus. SYN: venae profundae clitoridis [TA] .
deep dorsal v. of clitoris [TA] a tributary of the vesical venous plexus; it runs a course deep to the fascia on the dorsum of the clitoris. SYN: vena dorsalis clitoridis profunda [TA] .
deep dorsal v. of penis [TA] a v. on the dorsum of the penis deep to the fascia of the penis; it is a tributary to the prostatic venous plexus. SYN: vena dorsalis penis profunda [TA] .
deep epigastric v. SYN: inferior epigastric v..
deep facial v. [TA] the communicating v. that passes from the pterygoid venous plexus of the infratemporal fossa to the facial v.; it is devoid of valves. SYN: vena faciei profunda [TA] .
deep femoral v. SYN: profunda femoris v..
deep lingual v. [TA] the principal v. of the tongue that accompanies the deep lingual artery and joins the lingual v.. It drains the body and apex of the tongue, running posteriorly near the median plane; often visible through the mucosa on the underside of the tongue, to each side of the frenulum. SYN: vena profunda linguae [TA] .
deep middle cerebral v. [TA] the v. that accompanies the middle cerebral artery in the depths of the lateral sulcus and empties into the basal v. of Rosenthal. SYN: vena media profunda cerebri [TA] .
deep veins of penis [TA] the veins deep to the fascia of the penis that drain via the internal pudendal v. to the internal iliac v.. SYN: venae profundae penis.
deep temporal veins [TA] veins corresponding to the arteries of the same name; they empty into the pterygoid venous plexus. SYN: venae temporales profundae [TA] .
deep v. of thigh profunda femoris v..
digital veins dorsal digital veins of foot, palmar digital veins, plantar digital veins.
diploic v. [TA] one of the veins in the diploë of the cranial bones, connected with the cerebral sinuses by emissary veins; the main diploic veins are the frontal, anterior temporal, posterior temporal, and occipital. SYN: vena diploica [TA] , Breschet v., Dupuytren canal.
direct lateral veins [TA] one or more veins running a subependymal course in a coronal plane over the thalamus, terminating in the internal cerebral v.. SYN: venae directae laterales [TA] , surface thalamic veins.
dorsal callosal v. SYN: posterior v. of corpus callosum.
dorsal veins of clitoris deep dorsal v. of clitoris, superficial dorsal veins of clitoris.
dorsal v. of corpus callosum [TA] SYN: posterior v. of corpus callosum.
dorsal digital veins of foot [TA] they receive intercapitular veins from the plantar venous arch, join to form four common dorsal digital veins, and terminate in the dorsal venous arch. SYN: venae digitales dorsales pedis [TA] , dorsal digital veins of toes.
dorsal digital veins of toes SYN: dorsal digital veins of foot.
dorsal lingual v. [TA] multiple tributaries of the lingual v. draining the dorsum of the tongue, becoming increasingly larger toward the root of the tongue. SYN: venae dorsales linguae [TA] .
dorsal metacarpal veins [TA] three veins on the dorsum of the hand draining blood from the four medial digits into the dorsal venous network of the hand. SYN: venae metacarpeae dorsales [TA] .
dorsal metatarsal veins [TA] veins arising from the dorsal digital veins forming the dorsal venous arch of the foot. SYN: venae metatarseae dorsales [TA] .
dorsal veins of penis deep dorsal v. of penis, superficial dorsal veins of penis.
dorsal scapular v. [TA] the vena comitans of the descending scapular artery; it is a tributary to the subclavian or the external jugular v.. SYN: vena scapularis dorsalis [TA] .
dorsispinal veins veins forming a plexus around the neural arches and processes of the vertebrae.
emissary v. [TA] one of the channels of communication between the venous sinuses of the dura mater and the veins of the diploë and the scalp. SEE ALSO: condylar emissary v., mastoid emissary v., occipital emissary v., parietal emissary v.. SYN: vena emissaria [TA] , emissarium, emissary (2) .
epigastric veins inferior epigastric v., superficial epigastric v., superior epigastric veins.
episcleral veins [TA] a series of small venules in the sclera close to the corneal margin that empty into the anterior ciliary veins. SYN: venae episclerales [TA] .
esophageal veins [TA] series of veins draining the submucous venous plexus of the esophagus; proceeding inferiorly from the cervical portion of the esophagus, they drain to the inferior thyroid v., the superior intercostal veins, and the azygos, accessory hemiazygos, and hemiazygos veins, all of which are ultimately tributaries of the superior vena cava; the most inferior esophageal veins, from the cardiac portion of the esophagus, drain via the esophageal branches of the left gastric v., a tributary of the portal v.. Thus, the submucosal veins of the inferior esophagus form a portocaval anastomoses, and are subject to the formation of varicosities in portal hypertension. SYN: venae esophageae [TA] .
ethmoidal veins [TA] veins that accompany the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and pass into the superior ophthalmic v.; they drain the ethmoidal sinuses. SYN: venae ethmoidales [TA] .
external iliac v. [TA] a direct continuation of the femoral v. superior to the inguinal ligament, uniting with the internal iliac v. to form the common iliac v.. SYN: vena iliaca externa [TA] .
external jugular v. [TA] superficial v. formed inferior to the parotid gland by the junction of the posterior auricular v. and the retromandibular v., and passing down the side of the neck crossing to the sternocleidomastoid muscle vertically to empty into the subclavian v.. SYN: vena jugularis externa [TA] .
external nasal veins [TA] several vessels that drain the external nose, emptying into the angular or facial v.. SYN: venae nasales externae [TA] .
external palatine v. [TA] drains the palatine regions and empties into the facial v.. SYN: vena palatina externa [TA] .
external pudendal veins [TA] these correspond to the arteries of the same name; they empty into the great saphenous v. or directly into the femoral v., and receive the superficial dorsal v. of the penis (or clitoris) and the anterior scrotal (or labial) veins. SYN: venae pudendae externae [TA] .
veins of eyelids SYN: palpebral veins.
facial v. [TA] a continuation of the angular v. at the medial angle of the eye; it passes diagonally downward and outward, uniting with the retromandibular v. below the border of the lower jaw before emptying into the internal jugular v.. SYN: vena facialis [TA] , anterior facial v., vena facialis anterior.
femoral v. [TA] a continuation of the popliteal v., it accompanies the femoral artery through the adductor canal and into the femoral triangle where it lies within the femoral sheath; it becomes the external iliac v. as it passes deep to the inguinal ligament. SYN: vena femoralis [TA] .
fibular veins [TA] venae comitantes of the peroneal artery; they join the posterior tibial veins to enter the popliteal v.. SYN: venae fibulares [TA] , peroneal veins&star, venae peroneae&star.
frontal veins 1. the superficial veins draining the frontal cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus; 2. SYN: supratrochlear veins.
veins of Galen 1. SYN: internal cerebral veins. 2. See great cerebral v..
gastric veins short gastric veins, right gastric v., left gastric v..
gastroepiploic veins See right gastroomental v., left gastroomental v..
genicular veins [TA] the veins that accompany the genicular arteries; they drain blood from the structures around the knee, terminating in the popliteal v.. SYN: venae geniculares [TA] , veins of knee.
gluteal veins inferior gluteal veins, superior gluteal veins.
great cardiac v. [TA] begins at the apex of the heart (where it anastomoses with the middle cardiac v.), runs first with the anterior interventricular artery as it ascends the anterior interventricular groove, then turns to the left as it approaches or reaches the coronary groove to run with the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery; it merges with the oblique v. of the left atrium to form the coronary sinus. SYN: vena cordis magna [TA] , left coronary v., vena cardiaca magna.
great cerebral v. [TA] SYN: great cerebral v. of Galen.
great cerebral v. of Galen a large, unpaired v. formed by the junction of the two internal cerebral veins in the caudal part of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle; it passes caudally between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the pineal gland, curving dorsally to merge with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus. SYN: great cerebral v. [TA] , vena magna cerebri [TA] , great v. of Galen.
great v. of Galen SYN: great cerebral v. of Galen.
great saphenous v. [TA] formed by the union of the dorsal v. of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascends in front of the medial malleolus, behind the medial condyle of the femur, and traverses the saphenous hiatus in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral v. in the upper part of the femoral triangle. SYN: vena saphena magna [TA] , large saphenous v., long saphenous v..
veins of heart [TA] collective term for all venous structures of the heart, including the coronary sinus and all cardiac veins. SYN: venae cordis [TA] .
hemiazygos v. [TA] formed by the merger of the left ascending lumbar v. with the left subcostal v. or a communication from the inferior vena cava, it pierces the left crus of the diaphragm, ascends along the left side of the bodies of the lower thoracic vertebrae, opposite the eighth vertebra, crosses the midline behind the aorta, thoracic duct, and esophagus, and empties into the azygos v., sometimes in common with the accessory hemiazygos v.. SYN: vena hemiazygos [TA] , inferior hemiazygos v., vena azygos minor inferior.
hemorrhoidal veins obsolete term for rectal veins. See inferior rectal veins, middle rectal veins, superior rectal v..
hepatic veins [TA] the veins that drain the liver; they collect blood from the central veins and terminate in three large veins opening into the inferior vena cava below the diaphragm and several small inconstant veins entering the vena cava at more inferior levels. SYN: venae hepaticae [TA] .
hepatic portal v. [TA] a wide short v. formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic v. posterior to the neck of the pancreas, ascending anterior to the inferior vena cava, and dividing at the right end of the porta hepatis into right and left branches, which ramify within the liver. SYN: vena portae hepatis [TA] , portal v., vena portalis.
highest intercostal v. SYN: supreme intercostal v..
hypogastric v. obsolete term for internal iliac v..
ileal veins jejunal and ileal veins.
ileocolic v. [TA] a large tributary of the superior mesenteric v. that runs parallel to the ileocolic artery and drains the terminal ileum, appendix, cecum, and the lower part of the ascending colon. SYN: vena ileocolica [TA] .
iliac veins common iliac v., external iliac v., internal iliac v., deep circumflex iliac v., superficial circumflex iliac v..
iliolumbar v. [TA] accompanying the artery of the same name, anastomosing with the lumbar and deep circumflex iliac veins, and emptying into the internal iliac v.. SYN: vena iliolumbalis [TA] .
inferior anastomotic v. [TA] an inconstant v. that passes from the superficial middle cerebral v. posteriorly over the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe to enter the transverse sinus. SYN: vena anastomotica inferior [TA] , Browning v., Labbé v..
inferior basal v. [TA] tributary to the common basal v. draining the medial and posterior part of the inferior lobe in each lung. SYN: vena basalis inferior [TA] .
inferior cardiac v. SYN: middle cardiac v..
inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere [TA] several veins draining the inferior portion of the cerebellar hemispheres; they terminate in the petrosal v.. SYN: venae inferiores cerebelli [TA] .
inferior cerebral veins [TA] numerous cerebral veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses. Included in these veins are named branches serving the uncus (v. of uncus [TA], vena uncalis [TA]), the orbital cortex (orbital veins [TA]), venae orbitae [TA], and the temporal lobe (temporal veins [TA], venae temporales [TA]). SYN: venae inferiores cerebri [TA] .
inferior choroid v. [TA] a small v. draining the lower part of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle into the basal v.. SEE ALSO: basal v.. SYN: vena choroidea inferior [TA] , vena choroidea inferior [TA] .
inferior epigastric v. [TA] corresponds to the artery of the same name and empties into the external iliac v. just proximal to the inguinal ligament. SYN: vena epigastrica inferior [TA] , deep epigastric v..
veins of inferior eyelid SYN: inferior palpebral veins.
inferior gluteal veins [TA] the venae comitantes of the inferior gluteal artery uniting at the sciatic foramen to form a common trunk which empties into the internal iliac v.. SYN: venae gluteae inferiores [TA] .
inferior hemiazygos v. SYN: hemiazygos v..
inferior hemorrhoidal veins obsolete term for inferior rectal veins.
inferior labial v. [TA] a tributary of the facial v. draining the lower lip. SYN: vena labialis inferior [TA] .
inferior laryngeal v. [TA] the v. passing from the lower part of the larynx to the unpaired thyroid plexus. SYN: vena laryngea inferior [TA] .
inferior mesenteric v. [TA] a continuation of the superior rectal v. at the brim of the pelvis, ascending to the left of the aorta behind the peritoneum and emptying into the splenic v. or into the superior mesenteric v. or rarely in the angle between these veins. SYN: vena mesenterica inferior [TA] .
inferior ophthalmic v. [TA] arises from the inferior palpebral and lacrimal veins and divides into two terminal branches, one of which runs to the pterygoid plexus while the other joins the superior ophthalmic v. or empties into the cavernous sinus. SYN: vena ophthalmica inferior [TA] .
inferior palpebral veins [TA] veins of inferior eyelid; veins originating in the inferior eyelid and emptying into the angular v.. SYN: venae palpebrales inferiores [TA] , veins of inferior eyelid.
inferior phrenic v. [TA] the v. that drains the substance of the diaphragm and empties on the right side into the inferior vena cava, on the left side into the left suprarenal v.; often a second v. on the left side passes transversely across the diaphragm anterior to the esophageal hiatus to enter the inferior vena cava. SYN: vena phrenica inferior [TA] .
inferior rectal veins [TA] veins that pass to the internal pudendal v. from the inferior rectal venous plexus around the anal canal. SYN: venae rectales inferiores [TA] .
inferior thalamostriate veins [TA] veins draining the thalamus and striate body exiting the anterior perforated substance; tributary to the basal v.. SEE ALSO: basal v.. SYN: venae thalamostriatae inferiores [TA] , striate veins, venae striatae.
inferior thyroid v. [TA] unpaired v. formed by veins from the isthmus and lateral lobe of the thyroid gland and from the plexus thyroideus impar; it terminates in the left brachiocephalic v.. SYN: vena thyroidea inferior [TA] , vena thyroidea ima.
inferior ventricular v. [TA] v. draining the deep white matter of the superior and lateral portions of the temporal lobe; it begins in the body of the lateral ventricle and exits from the choroid fissure of the inferior horn where it joins the basal v.. SEE ALSO: basal v.. SYN: vena ventricularis inferior [TA] .
inferior v. of vermis [TA] a v. draining part of the inferior part of the cerebellum; it courses on the inferior surface of the vermis and terminates in the straight sinus. SYN: vena inferior vermis [TA] .
infrasegmental veins intersegmental v..
innominate veins obsolete term for (left and right) brachiocephalic veins.
innominate cardiac veins the small superficial veins of the heart. SYN: Vieussens veins.
insular veins [TA] SYN: venae insulares, under vena.
intercapitular veins [TA] the veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins in the hand, or the dorsal and plantar veins in the foot. SYN: venae intercapitulares.
intercostal veins anterior intercostal veins, posterior intercostal veins, supreme intercostal v., left superior intercostal v..
interlobar veins of kidney [TA] the veins in the kidney that parallel the interlobar arteries, receiving blood from arcuate veins, and terminate in the renal v.. SYN: venae interlobares renis [TA] .
interlobular veins of kidney [TA] veins that parallel the interlobular arteries and drain the peritubular capillary plexus, emptying into the arcuate veins. SYN: venae interlobulares renis [TA] .
interlobular veins of liver [TA] the terminal branches of the portal v. that course in the portal canals between the conceptual liver lobules and empty into the liver sinusoids. SYN: venae interlobulares hepatis [TA] .
intermediate antebrachial v. SYN: median antebrachial v..
intermediate basilic v. [TA] the medial branch of the median antebrachial v. that joins the basilic v., often replacing a median cubital v.. SYN: vena intermedia basilica [TA] , median basilic v., vena mediana basilica.
intermediate cephalic v. [TA] the lateral branch of the median antebrachial v. that joins the cephalic v. near the elbow, often replacing a median cubital v.. SYN: vena intermedia cephalica [TA] , median cephalic v., vena mediana cephalica.
intermediate cubital v. SYN: median cubital v..
intermediate v. of forearm SYN: median antebrachial v..
intermediate hepatic veins [TA] veins draining the central portion of the liver (the left sides of the superior anterior segment [VIII]) and the inferior anterior segment [V] of the right (part of the) liver and the right side of the medial segment [IV] of the left (part of the) liver, forming a trunk that merges with that of the left hepatic veins about 90% of the time prior to entering the left side of the inferior vena cava. SYN: venae hepaticae intermediae [TA] , venae hepaticae mediae [TA] , middle hepatic veins.
internal auditory veins SYN: labyrinthine veins.
internal cerebral veins [TA] paired veins passing caudally near the midline in the tela choroidea of the third ventricle, formed by the union of the choroid v., thalamostriate (terminal) v., and v. of septum pellucidum, and uniting caudally so as to form the great cerebral v.. SYN: venae internae cerebri [TA] , veins of Galen (1) .
internal iliac v. [TA] veins that course in the lesser pelvis from the upper border of the greater sciatic notch to the brim of the pelvis where it joins the external iliac v. to form the common iliac v.; it drains most of the territory supplied by the internal iliac artery. SYN: vena iliaca interna [TA] .
internal jugular v. [TA] main venous structure of the neck, formed as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater, contained within the carotid sheath as it descends the neck uniting, behind the sternoclavicular joint, with the subclavian v. to form the brachiocephalic v.. SYN: vena jugularis interna [TA] .
internal pudendal v. [TA] a tributary of the internal iliac v. that accompanies the internal pudendal artery as a single or double vessel. It drains the perineum. SYN: vena pudenda interna [TA] .
internal thoracic v. [TA] venae comitantes of each artery of the same name, fusing into one at the upper part of the thorax and emptying into the brachiocephalic v. of the same side; receive drainage of anterior chest wall. SYN: vena thoracica interna [TA] .
intersegmental v. a v. receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary v.. SYN: intersegmental part of pulmonary v. [TA] , partes intersegmentales venarum pulmonum [TA] , infrasegmental part.
intervertebral v. [TA] one of numerous veins accompanying the spinal nerves through the intervertebral foramina, draining the spinal cord and vertebral venous plexuses, and emptying in the neck into the vertebral v., in the thorax into the intercostal veins, in the lumbar and sacral regions into the lumbar and sacral veins. SYN: vena intervertebralis [TA] .
intrasegmental veins SYN: intrasegmental part of pulmonary veins.
jejunal and ileal veins [TA] the veins that drain the jejunum and ileum; they terminate in the superior mesenteric v.. SYN: venae jejunales et ilei [TA] .
jugular veins See anterior jugular v., external jugular v., internal jugular v.. SEE ALSO: posterior anterior jugular v., jugular venous arch.
key v. a deep-seated, dilated v. causing a “spider burst” on the surface.
veins of kidney [TA] the tributaries of the renal v. that drain the kidney; they parallel the arteries in the kidney and consist of interlobular, arcuate, and interlobar veins.
veins of knee SYN: genicular veins.
Krukenberg veins SYN: central veins of liver.
Labbé v. SYN: inferior anastomotic v..
labial veins anterior labial veins, posterior labial veins, inferior labial v., superior labial v..
labyrinthine veins [TA] one or more veins accompanying the labyrinthine artery; they drain the internal ear, pass out through the internal acoustic meatus, and empty into the transverse sinus or the inferior petrosal sinus. SYN: venae labyrinthi [TA] , internal auditory veins.
lacrimal v. [TA] small v. that drains the lacrimal gland, passing posteriorly through the orbit with the lacrimal artery to empty into the superior ophthalmic v.. SYN: vena lacrimalis [TA] .
large v. a v., such as the inferior vena cava, characterized by having a reduced or absent tunica media and an adventitia with large bundles of longitudinally disposed smooth muscle.
large saphenous v. SYN: great saphenous v..
laryngeal veins inferior laryngeal v., superior laryngeal v..
Latarget v. SYN: prepyloric v..
lateral atrial v. SYN: lateral v. of lateral ventricle.
lateral circumflex femoral veins [TA] the veins that accompany the lateral circumflex femoral artery, usually terminating in the femoral v.. SYN: venae circumflexae femoris laterales [TA] .
lateral direct veins [TA] one or more veins running a subependymal course in a coronal plane over the thalamus, terminating in the internal cerebral v..
lateral v. of lateral ventricle [TA] a v. draining deep portions of the temporal and parietal lobes; it runs in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle to terminate in the superior thalamostriate v.. SYN: vena lateralis ventriculi lateralis [TA] , lateral atrial v., vena atrii lateralis.
v. of lateral recess of fourth ventricle [TA] a small v. originating in the cerebellar tonsil, coursing by the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle on its way to terminate in the petrosal v.. SYN: vena recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti [TA] .
lateral sacral veins [TA] several veins that receive the drainage of the sacral venous plexus and sacral intervertebral veins, then accompany the corresponding artery and empty into the internal iliac v. on each side. SYN: venae sacrales laterales [TA] .
lateral thoracic v. [TA] a tributary of the axillary v. that drains the lateral thoracic wall and communicates with the thoracoepigastric and intercostal veins. SYN: vena thoracica lateralis [TA] .
left colic v. [TA] a tributary of the inferior mesenteric v. that accompanies the left colic artery and drains the left flexure and descending colon. SYN: vena colica sinistra [TA] .
left coronary v. SYN: great cardiac v..
left gastric v. [TA] arises from a union of veins from both surfaces of the cardia of the stomach and an esophageal tributary from the cardiac portion of the esophagus; it runs in the lesser omentum and empties into the portal v.. SEE ALSO: esophageal veins. SYN: vena gastrica sinistra [TA] , coronary v., vena coronaria ventriculi.
left gastroepiploic v. left gastroomental v..
left gastroomental v. [TA] the v. that accompanies the left gastroepiploic artery along the greater curvature of the stomach; it empties into the splenic v.. SYN: left gastroepiploic v.&star, vena gastro-omentalis sinistra.
left hepatic v. [TA] v. draining the medial segment [IV] and the left lateral segments [II & III] of the liver, a single or paired trunk of variable size that usually (90% of the time) merges with the middle hepatic v. prior to entering the terminal portion of the superior vena cava. SYN: venae hepaticae sinistrae [TA] .
left inferior pulmonary v. [TA] the v. returning oxygenated blood from the inferior lobe of the left lung to the left atrium; tributaries include the superior and common basal veins (branches) from the inferior lobe. SYN: vena pulmonalis inferior sinistra [TA] .
left ovarian v. [TA] begins as the pampiniform plexus at the hilum of the ovary and empties into the left renal v.. SYN: vena ovarica sinistra [TA] .
(left and right) brachiocephalic veins [TA] formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins; other tributaries of the right brachiocephalic v. are the right vertebral and internal thoracic veins, and the right lymphatic duct; other tributaries of the left brachiocephalic v. are the left vertebral, internal thoracic, superior intercostal, thyroidea ima, and various anterior pericardial, bronchial, mediastinal veins, and the thoracic duct. SYN: venae brachiocephalicae (dextrae et sinistrae) [TA] .
left superior intercostal v. [TA] the v. formed by the union of the left second, third, and fourth intercostal veins; it passes forward across the arch of the aorta to empty into the left brachiocephalic v. and frequently communicates also with the accessory hemiazygos v.. SYN: vena intercostalis superior sinistra [TA] .
left superior pulmonary v. [TA] the v. returning oxygenated blood from the left superior lobe of the lung to the left atrium; tributaries include the apicoposterior, anterior, and lingular veins (branches) from the superior lobe. SYN: vena pulmonalis superior sinistra [TA] .
left suprarenal v. [TA] the v. from the hilum of the left suprarenal gland that passes downward to open into the left renal v.; it usually is joined by the left inferior phrenic v.. SYN: vena suprarenalis sinistra [TA] .
left testicular v. [TA] v. conveying blood from the left testis, originating as the pampiniform plexus and entering the left renal v.. SYN: vena testicularis sinistra [TA] .
left umbilical v. the v. that returns the blood from the placenta to the fetus; traversing the umbilical cord, it enters the fetal body at the umbilicus and passes thence into the liver, where it is joined by the portal v.; its blood then flows by way of the ductus venosus and the inferior vena cava to the right atrium. SYN: vena umbilicalis [TA] .
levoatrio-cardinal v. the communication of a systemic v. with the left atrium, other than a left superior vena cava or coronary sinus; may be the right superior vena cava.
lingual v. [TA] v. that receives blood from the tongue, sublingual and submandibular glands, and muscles of the floor of the mouth; empties into the internal jugular or the facial v.. SYN: vena lingualis.
lingular v. [TA] the lingular branch of the left superior pulmonary v.. SYN: ramus lingularis venae pulmonis sinistrae superioris&star, vena lingularis.
long saphenous v. SYN: great saphenous v..
long thoracic v. incorrect term for lateral thoracic v..
veins of lower limb [TA] all veins, superficial and deep, draining blood from the lower limb. SYN: venae membri inferioris [TA] .
lumbar veins [TA] five in number, these veins accompany the lumbar arteries, drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses, and terminate anteriorly as follows: the first and second in the ascending lumbar v., the third and fourth in the inferior vena cava, and the fifth in the iliolumbar v.; all communicate via the ascending lumbar veins. SYN: venae lumbales [TA] .
Marshall oblique v. SYN: oblique v. of left atrium.
masseteric veins plexiform veins accompanying the masseteric artery that empty into the pterygoid venous plexus.
mastoid emissary v. [TA] the v. that connects the sigmoid sinus with the occipital v. or one of the tributaries of the external jugular v. by way of the mastoid foramen. SYN: vena emissaria mastoidea [TA] , emissarium mastoideum.
maxillary v. [TA] the posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; it joins the superficial temporal v. to form the retromandibular v.. SYN: vena maxillaris [TA] .
Mayo v. SYN: prepyloric v..
medial atrial v. SYN: medial v. of lateral ventricle.
medial circumflex femoral veins [TA] the venae comitantes that parallel the medial circumflex femoral artery. SYN: venae circumflexae femoris mediales [TA] .
medial v. of lateral ventricle [TA] a v. that drains deep portions of the parietal and occipital lobes; it runs in the medial wall of the lateral ventricle to empty into the internal capsule v. or the great cerebral v.. SYN: vena medialis ventriculi lateralis [TA] , medial atrial v., vena atrii medialis.
median antebrachial v. [TA] it begins at the base of the dorsum of the thumb, curves around the radial side, ascends the middle of the forearm, and just below the bend of the elbow divides into the intermediate basilic and intermediate cephalic veins; sometimes it divides lower down, one branch going to the basilic v., the other to the intermediate v. of the elbow. SYN: vena mediana antebrachii [TA] , median v. of forearm&star, intermediate antebrachial v., intermediate v. of forearm, vena intermedia antebrachii.
median basilic v. SYN: intermediate basilic v..
median cephalic v. SYN: intermediate cephalic v..
median cubital v. [TA] a v. which passes across the anterior aspect of the elbow from the cephalic v. to the basilic v.; commonly this v. is replaced by intermediate basilic and intermediate cephalic veins. The median cubital v. is often used for venipuncture. SYN: vena mediana cubiti [TA] , intermediate cubital v., vena intermedia cubiti.
median v. of forearm median antebrachial v..
median v. of neck a v. occasionally present due to fusion of the two anterior jugular veins.
median sacral v. [TA] an unpaired v. accompanying the middle sacral artery receiving blood from the sacral venous plexus and emptying into the left common iliac v.. SYN: vena sacralis mediana [TA] .
mediastinal veins [TA] several small veins from the mediastinum emptying into the brachiocephalic veins or the superior vena cava. SYN: venae mediastinales [TA] .
medium v. a v. characterized by having a thinner wall and larger lumen than its corresponding artery, and a media with small bundles of circular muscle separated by considerable connective tissue; valves also occur.
veins of medulla oblongata the several veins that drain the medulla oblongata; they are tributaries primarily of the anterior spinal and the petrosal veins. The veins of the medulla oblongata are the anteromedian medullary v. [TA] (vena medullaris anteromediana [TA]), anterolateral medullary v. [TA] (vena medullaris anteromedialis [TA]), transverse medullary veins [TA] (venae medullares transversae [TA]), dorsal medullary veins [TA] (venae medullares dorsales [TA]), and posteromedian medullary v. [TA] (vena medullaris posteromediana [TA]). SYN: venae medullae oblongatae [TA] .
meningeal veins [TA] veins that accompany the meningeal arteries; they communicate with venous sinuses and diploic veins and drain into regional veins outside the cranial vault. SYN: venae meningeae [TA] .
mesencephalic veins the several veins that drain the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral v.; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal v.. The main veins are: pontomesencephalic v. [TA] (vena pontomesencephalica [TA]), interpeduncular veins [TA] (venae interpedunculares [TA]), intercollicular v. [TA] (vena intercollicularis [TA]), and the lateral mesencephalic v. [TA] (vena mesencephalica lateralis [TA]). SYN: venae mesencephalicae.
mesenteric veins inferior mesenteric v., superior mesenteric v..
metacarpal veins dorsal metacarpal veins, palmar metacarpal veins.
middle cardiac v. [TA] v. that begins at the apex of the heart (where it anastomoses with the great cardiac v.), and ascends within the posterior interventricular sulcus to the coronary sinus. SYN: vena cordis media [TA] , inferior cardiac v..
middle colic v. [TA] the tributary of the superior mesenteric v. that carries drainage of the transverse colon and accompanies the middle colic artery. SYN: vena colica media [TA] .
middle hemorrhoidal veins obsolete term for middle rectal veins.
middle hepatic veins SYN: intermediate hepatic veins.
middle lobe v. [TA] middle lobe branch of 1) the right pulmonary artery (arteriae pulmonalis dextrae [NA]); 2) the right superior pulmonary v. (venae pulmonalis dextrae superior [NA]). SYN: vena lobi medii [TA] , middle lobe branch of right superior pulmonary v., ramus lobi medii venae pulmonalis dextrae superioris.
middle meningeal veins [TA] the venae comitantes of the middle meningeal artery that empty into the pterygoid plexus. SYN: venae meningeae mediae [TA] .
middle rectal veins [TA] several veins that pass from the rectal venous plexus (in which they anastomose with the superior rectal veins) to the internal iliac v., which ultimately drains into the inferior vena cava. Since the superior rectal veins ultimately drain into the portal v., the middle retal veins participate in a portocaval anastomosis, and the rectal venous plexus is subject to varicosities (hemorrhoids) although they commonly occur in the absence of portal hypertension. SYN: venae rectales mediae [TA] .
middle temporal v. [TA] v. that arises near the lateral angle of the eye and joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular v.. SYN: vena temporalis media [TA] .
middle thyroid v. [TA] v. that passes from the thyroid gland across the common carotid artery (generally parallel with, but usually separate from) the inferior thyroid arteries to empty into the internal jugular v.. SYN: vena thyroidea media [TA] .
musculophrenic veins [TA] the veins that accompany the musculophrenic artery and drain blood from the upper abdominal wall and anterior portions of the lower intercostal spaces and the diaphragm. SYN: venae musculophrenicae [TA] .
nasofrontal v. [TA] the v. located in the anterior medial part of the orbit that connects the superior ophthalmic v. with the angular v.. SYN: vena nasofrontalis [TA] .
oblique v. of left atrium [TA] a small v. on the posterior wall of the left atrium which merges with the great cardiac v. to form the coronary sinus; it is developed from the left common cardinal v., and occasionally persists as a left superior vena cava. SYN: vena obliqua atrii sinistri [TA] , Marshall oblique v..
obturator veins [TA] formed by the union of tributaries draining the hip joint and the obturator and adductor muscles of the thigh; they enter the pelvis by the obturator canal as venae comitantes of the obturator artery and empty into the internal iliac v.. SYN: vena obturatoria [TA] .
occipital v. [TA] v. that drains the occipital region and empties into the internal jugular v. or the suboccipital plexus. SYN: vena occipitalis [TA] .
occipital cerebral veins the superior cerebral veins draining the occipital cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus and the transverse sinus. SYN: venae encephali occipitales [TA] .
occipital emissary v. [TA] an inconstant vessel perforating the squama of the occipital bone to connect the occipital veins with the confluens sinuum. SYN: vena emissaria occipitalis [TA] , emissarium occipitale.
v. of olfactory gyrus [TA] a tributary of the basal v. which drains the medial olfactory stria. SEE ALSO: basal v.. SYN: vena gyri olfactorii [TA] .
ophthalmic veins inferior ophthalmic v., superior ophthalmic v..
ovarian veins right ovarian v., left ovarian v..
palmar digital veins [TA] paired venae comitantes of the proper and common digital arteries that empty into the superficial palmar venous arch. SYN: venae digitales palmares [TA] .
palmar metacarpal veins [TA] veins emptying into the deep venous arch from which the radial and ulnar veins arise. SYN: venae metacarpeae palmares [TA] .
palpebral veins [TA] veins draining the superior eyelid posteriorly as tributaries of the superior ophthalmic v.. SYN: venae palpebrales [TA] , veins of eyelids.
pancreatic veins [TA] veins draining the pancreas, emptying into the splenic v. and the superior mesenteric v.. SYN: venae pancreaticae [TA] .
pancreaticoduodenal veins [TA] veins that accompany the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, emptying into the superior mesenteric or portal v.. SYN: venae pancreaticoduodenales [TA] .
paraumbilical veins [TA] several small veins arising from cutaneous veins about the umbilicus running along the round ligament of the liver, and terminating as accessory portal veins in the substance of this organ; they constitute a portocaval anastomosis and are subject to varicosity during portal hypertension; varicose paraumbilical veins form the “caput medussae.” SYN: venae paraumbilicales [TA] , Sappey veins.
parietal veins [TA] the superficial veins draining the parietal cerebral cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus. SYN: venae parietales.
parietal emissary v. [TA] the v. that connects the superior sagittal sinus with the tributaries of the superficial temporal v. and other veins of the scalp. SYN: vena emissaria parietalis [TA] , emissarium parietale, Santorini v..
parotid veins [TA] branches draining part of the parotid gland and emptying into the retromandibular v.. SYN: venae parotideae [TA] , posterior parotid veins.
pectoral veins [TA] veins draining the pectoral muscles and emptying directly into the subclavian v.. SYN: venae pectorales [TA] .
peduncular veins [TA] small tributaries of the basal v. from the cerebral peduncle. SEE ALSO: basal v.. SYN: venae pedunculares [TA] .
perforating veins [TA] 1. the veins that accompany the perforating arteries from the profunda femoris artery; they drain blood from the vastus lateralis and hamstring muscles and terminate in the profunda femoris v.. 2. valved communicating veins that drain superficial veins—especially those of the lower limb—into deep (subfascial) veins so that the musculovenous pump can propel the venous blood to the heart against gravity. SYN: venae perforantes [TA] .
pericardiacophrenic veins [TA] the veins accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery and emptying into the brachiocephalic veins or superior vena cava. SYN: venae pericardiacophrenicae [TA] .
pericardial veins [TA] several small veins from the pericardium emptying directly into the brachiocephalic veins or superior vena cava. SYN: venae pericardiacae [TA] .
peroneal veins fibular veins.
petrosal v. [TA] a tributary of the superior petrosal sinus that receives venous channels from the midbrain, pons, and the lateral portions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum.
pharyngeal veins [TA] several veins from the pharyngeal venous plexus emptying into the internal jugular v.. SYN: venae pharyngeae [TA] .
phrenic veins inferior phrenic v., superior phrenic veins.
plantar digital veins [TA] veins that drain the plantar and distal dorsal aspects (nail beds) of the toes and pass back to form four metatarsal veins that in turn empty into the plantar venous arch. SYN: venae digitales plantares [TA] .
plantar metatarsal veins [TA] veins receiving the plantar digital veins and draining in turn into the deep plantar venous arch, which empties into the medial and lateral plantar veins. SYN: venae metatarseae plantares [TA] .
veins of pons SYN: pontine veins.
pontine veins several veins running transversely or obliquely on the pons to join the petrosal v.; the main pontine veins are: anteromedian pontine v. [TA] (vena pontis anteromediana [TA]), anterolateral pontine v. [TA] (vena pontis anterolateralis [TA]), transverse pontine veins [TA] (venae pontis transversae [TA]), and the lateral pontine v. [TA] (vena pontis lateralis [TA]). SYN: venae pontis [TA] , veins of pons.
pontomesencephalic v. See anterior pontomesencephalic v..
popliteal v. [TA] formed at the lower border of the popliteus muscle by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins, ascends through the popliteal space where it receives the lesser saphenous v. and passes through the adductor hiatus, entering the adductor canal as the femoral v.. SYN: vena poplitea [TA] .
portal v. SYN: hepatic portal v..
posterior anterior jugular v. a variable tributary of the external jugular v. arising in the upper posterior part of the neck.
posterior auricular v. [TA] v. that drains the region posterior to the ear and then merges with the retromandibular v. to form the external jugular v.. SYN: vena auricularis posterior [TA] .
posterior cardinal veins cardinal veins.
posterior circumflex humeral v. [TA] v. accompanying the artery of the same name, passing posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus and through the quadrangular space to enter the axillary v.. SYN: vena circumflexa humeri posterior [TA] .
posterior v. of corpus callosum [TA] it originates on the superior surface of the corpus callosum and runs posteriorly to terminate in the great cerebral v.. SYN: dorsal v. of corpus callosum [TA] , vena posterior corporis callosi [TA] , vena dorsalis corporis callosi&star, dorsal callosal v., posterior marginal v., posterior pericallosal v..
posterior facial v. SYN: retromandibular v..
v. of posterior horn a small v. draining the surface region of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle; it is a tributary to the great cerebral v.. SYN: vena cornus posterioris [TA] .
posterior intercostal veins [TA] veins draining the intercostal spaces posteriorly; those of the first 1-C space drain into the brachiocephalic veins; from spaces 2–3 they drain into right and left superior intercostal veins; from the 4th to the 11th spaces on the right they are tributaries of the azygos v.; on the left they empty into either the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos veins. SYN: venae intercostales posteriores [TA] .
posterior labial veins [TA] veins that pass posteriorly from the labia majora and minora to the internal pudendal veins. SYN: venae labiales posteriores [TA] .
posterior marginal v. SYN: posterior v. of corpus callosum.
posterior parotid veins SYN: parotid veins.
posterior pericallosal v. SYN: posterior v. of corpus callosum.
posterior scrotal veins [TA] veins from the posterior aspect of the scrotum to the internal pudendal veins. SYN: venae scrotales posteriores [TA] .
posterior v. of septum pellucidum [TA] v. draining the posterior part of the transparent septum; it empties into the superior thalamostriate v.. SYN: vena posterior septi pellucidi [TA] .
posterior v.(s) of left ventricle [TA] arise(s) on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart near the apex, run(s) to the left and parallel to the posterior interventricular sulcus, and empties(empty) in the coronary sinus. SYN: vena(e) posterior(es) ventriculi sinistri.
posterior tibial veins [TA] venae comitantes of the posterior tibial artery that join those of the anterior tibial artery to form the popliteal v.. SYN: venae tibiales posteriores [TA] .
precentral cerebellar v. [TA] an unpaired v. originating in the precentral cerebellar fissure passing anterior and superior to the culmen on its way to terminate in the great cerebral v.. SYN: vena precentralis cerebelli [TA] .
prefrontal veins the superficial veins draining the prefrontal cerebral cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus. SYN: venae prefrontales [TA] .
prepyloric v. [TA] a tributary of the right gastric v. that passes anterior to the pylorus at its junction with the duodenum. SYN: vena prepylorica [TA] , Latarget v., Mayo v..
profunda femoris v. [TA] the v. that accompanies the deep femoral artery, receiving perforating veins from the lateral and posterior aspects of the thigh. It joins the femoral v. in the femoral triangle, usually in common with the medial and lateral circumflex femoral veins. SYN: vena profunda femoris [TA] , deep v. of thigh&star, deep femoral v..
v. of pterygoid canal [TA] a v. accompanying the nerve and artery through the pterygoid canal and emptying into the pharyngeal venous plexus. SYN: vena canalis pterygoidei [TA] , vidian v..
pudendal veins external pudendal veins, internal pudendal v..
pulmonary veins [TA] four veins, two on each side, conveying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. Those from the left lung and the inferior v. from the right lung are lobar veins, each draining a single lobe with the corresponding name; the right superior pulmonary v. drains both the superior and middle lobes of the right lung. SEE ALSO: left inferior pulmonary v., left superior pulmonary v., right inferior pulmonary v., right superior pulmonary v.. SYN: venae pulmonales [TA] .
pyloric v. SYN: right gastric v..
radial veins [TA] venae comitantes of the radial artery continuing from those of the radial aspect of the deep palmar arch, draining into the venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. SYN: venae radiales [TA] .
renal veins [TA] large veins formed at the renal hilus by the merger of the segmental veins anterior to the corresponding arteries; they open at right angles into the inferior vena cava at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. The left renal v. receives the left suprarenal v. and the left gonadal v., and passes through the angle between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery where it may be compressed. SYN: venae renales.
retromandibular v. [TA] v. formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins in front of the ear; it runs posterior to the ramus of the mandible through the parotid gland, and unites with the posterior auricular v. to form the external jugular v.; it usually has a large communicating branch with the facial v.. SYN: vena retromandibularis [TA] , posterior facial v., temporomaxillary v., vena facialis posterior.
retroperitoneal veins portacaval anastomoses formed from veins in the walls of retroperitoneal viscera, such as the ascending and descending colon, passing to the tributaries of the inferior vena cava in the posterior body wall instead of those of the portal v.. SYN: Retzius veins, Ruysch veins, venae retroperitoneales.
Retzius veins SYN: retroperitoneal veins.
right colic v. [TA] the v. that parallels the right colic artery and drains blood from the ascending colon and right colic flexure. SYN: vena colica dextra [TA] .
right gastric v. [TA] it receives veins from both surfaces of the upper portion of the stomach, runs to the right along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and empties into the portal v.. SYN: vena gastrica dextra [TA] , pyloric v..
right gastroepiploic v. right gastroomental v..
right gastroomental v. [TA] a tributary of the superior mesenteric v. that parallels the right gastroepiploic artery along the greater curvature of the stomach. SYN: vena gastro-omentalis dextra [TA] , right gastroepiploic v.&star.
right hepatic veins [TA] veins draining much of the right lobe of the liver (posterior lateral segment [VI] and right anterior lateral segment [VI] and the lateral parts of the posterior and inferior anterior medial segments [V and VII]) that merge to form a single or sometimes double trunk, draining into the right side of the suprahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (between the superior surface of the liver and the diaphragm); when single, it is the largest v. of the liver. SYN: venae hepaticae dextrae [TA] .
right inferior pulmonary v. [TA] the v. returning oxygenated blood from the inferior lobe of the right lung to the left atrium; tributaries include the superior v. and the common basal v. from the right inferior lobe. SYN: vena pulmonalis inferior dextra [TA] .
right ovarian v. [TA] begins as the pampiniform plexus at the hilum of the ovary and opens into the inferior vena cava. SYN: vena ovarica dextra [TA] .
right superior intercostal v. [TA] a tributary of the azygos v. formed by the union of the right second, third, and fourth posterior intercostal veins. SYN: vena intercostalis superior dextra [TA] .
right superior pulmonary v. [TA] the v. returning oxygenated blood from the superior and middle lobes of the right lung to the left atrium; tributaries include apical anterior and posterior veins (branches) from the right superior lobe and the middle lobe v.. SYN: vena pulmonalis superior dextra [TA] .
right suprarenal v. [TA] the short v. that passes from the hilum of the right suprarenal to the inferior vena cava. SYN: vena suprarenalis dextra [TA] .
right testicular v. [TA] begins as the pampiniform plexus and ascends to joint the inferior vena cava. SYN: vena testicularis dextra [TA] .
Rosenthal v. SYN: basal v..
Ruysch veins SYN: retroperitoneal veins.
sacral veins lateral sacral veins, median sacral v..
Santorini v. SYN: parietal emissary v..
saphenous veins accessory saphenous v., great saphenous v., small saphenous v..
Sappey veins SYN: paraumbilical veins.
v. of scala tympani [TA] tributary of common modiolar v. draining the scala tympani of the cochlea. SYN: vena scalae tympani [TA] .
v. of scala vestibuli [TA] tributary of the common modiolar v. draining the scala tympani of the cochlea. SYN: vena scalae vestibuli [TA] .
scleral veins [TA] small veins draining the sclera; they are tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins. SYN: venae sclerales [TA] .
scrotal veins anterior scrotal veins, posterior scrotal veins.
veins of semicircular ducts [TA] veins draining the semicircular ducts, especially the ampullary parts, into the v. of the vestibular aqueduct. SYN: venae ductuum semicircularium [TA] .
v. of septum pellucidum anterior v. of septum pellucidum, posterior v. of septum pellucidum.
short gastric veins [TA] small vessels that drain the fundus and left portion of the stomach wall and empty into the splenic v.. SYN: venae gastricae breves [TA] .
short saphenous v. SYN: small saphenous v..
sigmoid veins [TA] the several tributaries of the inferior mesenteric v. that drain the sigmoid colon. SYN: venae sigmoideae [TA] .
small v. a v. in which the three tunics are poorly defined and thin; longitudinal elastic networks occur and the smooth muscle of the media, which is circularly arranged, may be incomplete or in one or two layers.
small cardiac v. [TA] an inconstant vessel, accompanying the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus, from the right margin of the right ventricle, and emptying into the coronary sinus or the middle cardiac v.. SYN: vena cordis parva [TA] .
smallest cardiac veins [TA] numerous small valveless venous channels that open directly into the chambers of the heart from the capillary bed in the cardiac wall, enabling a form of collateral circulation unique to the heart. SYN: venae cardiacae minimae [TA] , venae cordis minimae&star, thebesian veins.
small saphenous v. [TA] arises on the lateral side of the foot from a union of the dorsal v. of the little toe with the dorsal venous arch, ascends behind the lateral malleolus, along the lateral border of the calcanean tendon and then through the middle of the calf to the lower portion of the popliteal space where it empties into the popliteal v.. SYN: vena saphena parva [TA] , short saphenous v..
spermatic v. right testicular v., left testicular v..
spinal veins [TA] the veins that drain the spinal cord; they form a plexus on the surface of the cord from which veins pass along the spinal roots to the internal vertebral venous plexus and then to the regional segmental veins, e.g., the posterior intercostal veins in the thoracic region. SYN: venae spinales [TA] .
veins of spinal cord [TA] the anterior and posterior spinal veins that lie on the surface of the spinal cord. SYN: venae medullae spinalis [TA] .
spiral v. of modiolus SYN: common modiolar v..
splenic v. [TA] arises by the union of several small veins at the hilum on the anterior surface of the spleen with the short gastric and left gastroomental veins; passes backward through the splenorenal ligament to the left kidney, then runs behind the upper border of the pancreas to the neck of the pancreas where it joins the superior mesenteric v. to form the portal v.. SYN: vena splenica [TA] , vena lienalis.
stellate veins SYN: venulae stellatae, under venula.
Stensen veins SYN: vorticose veins.
sternocleidomastoid v. [TA] arises in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and accompanies the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery; drains into the internal jugular or superior thyroid v.. SYN: vena sternocleidomastoidea [TA] .
striate veins SYN: inferior thalamostriate veins.
stylomastoid v. [TA] drains the tympanic cavity, traverses the facial canal exiting via the stylomastoid foramen, and empties into the retromandibular v.. SYN: vena stylomastoidea [TA] .
subclavian v. [TA] the direct continuation of the axillary v. at the lateral border of the first rib; it passes medially to join the internal jugular v. and form the brachiocephalic v. on each side. SYN: vena subclavia [TA] .
subcutaneous veins of abdomen the network of superficial veins of the abdominal wall that empty into the thoracoepigastric, superficial epigastric, or superior epigastric veins and form portocaval anastomoses through their communications with the paraumbilical veins. SYN: venae subcutaneae abdominis.
sublingual v. [TA] v. which accompanies the sublingual artery in the floor of the mouth, lateral to the hypoglossal nerve; it may join the deep lingual v. to form the lingual v., or join the vena comitans nerve hypoglossi. SYN: vena sublingualis [TA] .
submental v. [TA] a v. situated below the chin, anastomosing with the sublingual v., connecting with the anterior jugular v., and emptying into the facial v.. SYN: vena submentalis [TA] .
superficial v. [TA] one of a number of veins that course in the subcutaneous tissue and empty into deep veins; they form prominent systems of vessels in the limbs and are usually not accompanied by arteries. SYN: vena superficialis [TA] , cutaneous v., vena cutanea.
superficial cerebral veins [TA] the veins on the superficial surface of the cerebral hemispheres; they comprise three groups: superior, middle, and inferior. SYN: venae superficiales cerebri [TA] .
superficial circumflex iliac v. [TA] corresponding to the artery of the same name, emptying usually into the great saphenous v., or sometimes into the femoral v.. SYN: vena circumflexa iliaca superficialis [TA] .
superficial dorsal veins of clitoris [TA] a pair of veins on the dorsum of the clitoris, tributary to the external pudendal v. on either side. SYN: venae dorsales clitoridis superficiales [TA] .
superficial dorsal veins of penis [TA] a pair of veins on the dorsum of the penis superficial to the fascia penis; they are tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side. SYN: venae dorsales penis superficiales [TA] .
superficial epigastric v. [TA] drains the lower and medial part of the anterior abdominal wall and empties into the great saphenous v.. SYN: vena epigastrica superficialis [TA] .
superficial middle cerebral v. [TA] a large v. passing along the line of the sylvian fissure to join the cavernous sinus; it communicates with the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus via the superior and inferior anastomotic veins, respectively. SYN: vena media superficialis cerebri.
superficial temporal veins [TA] veins that pass from the temporal region to join the maxillary v. to form the retromandibular v.. SYN: venae temporales superficiales [TA] .
superior anastomotic v. [TA] a large communicating v. between the superficial middle cerebral v. and the superior sagittal sinus; it passes upward from the lateral sulcus, often following the line of the central sulcus (Rolando fissure). SYN: vena anastomotica superior [TA] , Trolard v..
superior basal v. [TA] tributary to the common basal v. draining the lateral and anterior part of the inferior lobe of each lung. SYN: vena basalis superior [TA] .
superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere [TA] several veins draining the superior part of the cerebellar hemispheres; they terminate in the superior petrosal sinus or the petrosal v.. SYN: venae hemispherii cerebelli superiores [TA] .
superior cerebral veins [TA] numerous (8–10) veins that drain the dorsal convexity of the cortical hemisphere and empty into the superior sagittal sinus, curving rostrally in passing through the subdural space so as to enter the sinus at an acute forward angle; can be divided into 5 general groups based on the area of cortex served: prefrontal veins [TA], frontal veins [TA] (venae frontales [TA]), parietal veins [TA], temporal veins [TA] (venae temporales [TA]), and occipital veins [TA] (venae occipitales [TA]). SYN: venae superiores cerebri [TA] .
superior choroid v. [TA] a tortuous v. that follows the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle and unites with the superior thalamostriate v. and the anterior v. of the transparent septum to form the internal cerebral v.. SYN: vena choroidea superior [TA] .
superior epigastric veins [TA] the venae comitantes of the artery of the same name, tributaries of the internal thoracic v.. SYN: venae epigastricae superiores [TA] .
veins of superior eyelid SYN: superior palpebral veins.
superior gluteal veins [TA] the veins that accompany the superior gluteal artery, entering the pelvis as two veins which unite into one and empty into the internal iliac v.. SYN: venae gluteae superiores [TA] .
superior hemorrhoidal v. outmoded term for superior rectal v..
superior intercostal v. left superior intercostal v., right superior intercostal v..
superior labial v. [TA] veins taking blood from the upper lip and discharging into the facial v.. SYN: vena labialis superior [TA] .
superior laryngeal v. [TA] v. which accompanies the superior laryngeal artery and empties into the superior thyroid v.. SYN: vena laryngea superior [TA] .
superior mesenteric v. [TA] begins at the ileum in the right iliac fossa, ascends in the root of the mesentery, and unites behind the pancreas with the splenic v. to form the hepatic portal v.. SYN: vena mesenterica superior [TA] .
superior ophthalmic v. [TA] begins anteriorly from the nasofrontal v., passes along the upper part of the medial wall of the orbit, passes through the superior orbital fissure, to empty into the cavernous sinus. SYN: vena ophthalmica superior [TA] .
superior palpebral veins [TA] veins draining the superior eyelid anteriorly into the angular v.. SYN: venae palpebrales superiores [TA] , veins of superior eyelid.
superior phrenic veins [TA] small veins that drain the upper surface of the diaphragm; they are tributaries of the azygos and hemiazygos veins. SYN: venae phrenicae superiores [TA] .
superior rectal v. [TA] it drains the greater part of the rectal venous plexus, and ascends between the layers of the mesorectum to the brim of the pelvis, where it becomes the inferior mesenteric v.. As a tributary of the portal v., it forms a portocaval anastomosis with the middle and inferior rectal veins (caval tributaries) via the rectal venous plexus. SYN: vena rectalis superior [TA] .
superior thalamostriate v. [TA] a long v. passing forward in the groove between the thalamus and caudate nucleus, covered by the lamina affixa, receiving the transverse caudate veins along its lateral side, and joining at the caudal wall of Monro foramen with the choroidal v. and v. of septum pellucidum to form the internal cerebral v.. SYN: vena thalamostriata superior [TA] , terminal v.&star, vena terminalis&star, v. of corpus striatum.
superior thyroid v. [TA] receives blood from the upper part of the thyroid gland and larynx, accompanies the artery of the same name, and empties into the internal jugular v.. SYN: vena thyroidea superior [TA] .
superior v. of vermis [TA] a v. draining part of the superior part of the cerebellum; it runs on the superior surface of the vermis to terminate in the internal cerebral v.. SYN: vena superior vermis [TA] .
supraorbital v. [TA] drains the front of the scalp and unites with the supratrochlear veins to form the angular v.. SYN: vena supraorbitalis [TA] .
suprarenal veins right suprarenal v., left suprarenal v..
suprascapular v. [TA] v. that accompanies the suprascapular artery and empties into the external jugular v.. SYN: vena suprascapularis [TA] , transverse v. of scapula, vena transversa scapulae.
supratrochlear veins [TA] several veins that drain the front part of the scalp and unite with the supraorbital v. to form the angular v.. SYN: venae supratrochleares [TA] , frontal veins (2) , venae frontales.
supreme intercostal v. [TA] the v. draining the first intercostal space into either the vertebral or the brachiocephalic v.. SYN: vena intercostalis suprema [TA] , highest intercostal v..
surface thalamic veins SYN: direct lateral veins.
temporal veins middle temporal v., deep temporal veins, superficial temporal veins.
veins of temporomandibular joint several small tributaries to the retromandibular v. from the temporomandibular joint. SYN: venae articulares temporomandibulares.
temporomaxillary v. SYN: retromandibular v..
terminal v. superior thalamostriate v..
testicular veins right testicular v., left testicular v..
thalamostriate veins See inferior thalamostriate veins, superior thalamostriate v..
thebesian veins SYN: smallest cardiac veins.
thoracic veins internal thoracic v., lateral thoracic v..
thoracoacromial v. [TA] v. corresponding to the artery of the same name, emptying into the axillary v., sometimes by a common trunk with the cephalic v.. SYN: vena thoracoacromialis [TA] , thoracic axis (2) .
thoracoepigastric v. [TA] one of two veins, sometimes a single v., arising from the region of the superficial epigastric v. and opening into the axillary or the lateral thoracic v., thus forming an anastomotic or collateral pathway between tributaries of the inferior and superior venae cavae. SYN: vena thoracoepigastrica [TA] .
thymic veins [TA] a number of small veins from the thymus emptying into the left brachiocephalic v.. SYN: venae thymicae [TA] .
thyroid veins inferior thyroid v., middle thyroid v., superior thyroid v., plexus venosus thyroideus impar.
tracheal veins [TA] several small venous trunks from the trachea, emptying into the brachiocephalic veins or the superior vena cava. SYN: venae tracheales [TA] .
transverse cervical veins [TA] venae comitantes of the corresponding arteries, emptying into the external jugular v. or sometimes into the subclavian v.. SYN: venae transversae cervicis [TA] , venae transversae colli&star, transverse veins of neck.
transverse v. of face SYN: transverse facial v..
transverse facial v. [TA] a tributary of the superficial temporal or retromandibular veins, anastomosing with the facial v.. SYN: vena transversa faciei [TA] , transverse v. of face.
transverse veins of neck SYN: transverse cervical veins.
transverse v. of scapula SYN: suprascapular v..
Trolard v. SYN: superior anastomotic v..
tympanic veins [TA] veins exiting from the tympanic cavity through the petrotympanic fissure with the chorda tympani and emptying into the retromandibular v.. SYN: venae tympanicae [TA] .
ulnar veins [TA] venae comitantes of the ulnar artery, continuing from those of the supericial palmar arch and joining with those of the radial artery to form the brachial veins in the cubital fossa. SYN: venae ulnares [TA] .
umbilical v. [TA] See left umbilical v..
v. of uncus [TA] SYN: vena uncalis.
veins of upper limb [TA] all veins, superficial and deep, that drain blood from the upper limb. SYN: venae membri superioris [TA] .
uterine veins [TA] two veins on each side that arise from the uterine venous plexus, pass through a part of the broad ligament and then through a peritoneal fold, and empty into the internal iliac v.. SYN: venae uterinae [TA] .
varicose veins permanent dilation and tortuosity of veins, most commonly seen in the legs, probably as a result of congenitally incomplete valves; there is a predisposition to varicose veins among persons in occupations requiring long periods of standing, and in pregnant women.
vertebral v. [TA] a v. derived from tributaries (venae comitantes) that run through the foramina in the transverse processes of the first six cervical vertebrae and form a plexus around the vertebral artery; it empties as a single trunk into the brachiocephalic veins. SYN: vena vertebralis [TA] .
veins of vertebral column [TA] includes the internal and external vertebral venous plexuses, the basivertebral veins, and the anterior and posterior spinal veins. SYN: venae columnae vertebralis [TA] .
Vesalius v. the emissary v. passing through the foramen venosum.
vesical veins [TA] veins that drain the vesical venous plexus; they join the internal iliac veins. SYN: venae vesicales [TA] .
v. of vestibular aqueduct [TA] a small v. accompanying the endolymphatic duct; it drains much of the vestibular portion of the labyrinth and terminates in the inferior petrosal sinus. SYN: vena aqueductus vestibuli [TA] .
v. of vestibular bulb SYN: v. of bulb of vestibule.
vidian v. SYN: v. of pterygoid canal.
Vieussens veins SYN: innominate cardiac veins.
vitelline v. a v. returning blood from the yolk sac to the embryo. SYN: vena vitellina.
vortex veins SYN: vorticose veins.
vorticose veins [TA] several veins (usually four) from the vascular tunic formed of veins accompanying the posterior ciliary arteries and the ciliary body; then drain into the superior or inferior ophthalmic v.. SYN: venae vorticosae [TA] , choroid veins of eye, Stensen veins, vasa vorticosa, venae choroideae oculi, vortex veins.

veined
veined (vand)

Marked by veins or lines resembling veins on the surface.

veinlet
veinlet (van′let)

SYN: venule.

Vejovis
Vejovis (ve-jo′vis)

A genus of scorpions (the so-called devil scorpions of North America), including V. spinigerus, the stripe-tailed devil scorpion; V. carolinianus, the southern devil scorpion; and V. flavus, the slender devil scorpion.

vel
vel (vel)

or [L. or]

vela
vela (ve′la)

Plural of velum.

velamen
velamen, pl .velamina (ve-la′men, ve-lam′i-na)

SYN: velum (1) . [L. a veil]
v. vulvae obsolete term for hypertrophy of the labia minora.

velamentous
velamentous (vel-a-men′tus)

Expanded in the form of a sheet or veil. SYN: veliform.

velamentum
velamentum, pl .velamenta (vel′a-men′tum, -ta)

SYN: velum (1) . [L. a cover]

velamina
velamina (ve-lam′i-na)

Plural of velamen.

velar
velar (ve′lar)

Relating to any velum, especially the velum palati.

veliform
veliform (vel′i-form)

SYN: velamentous. [L. velum, veil, + forma, form]

Vella
Vella

Luigi, Italian physiologist, 1825–1886. See V. fistula, Thiry-V. fistula.

vellicate
vellicate (vel′i-kat)

To twitch or contract spasmodically; said especially of fibrillary muscular spasms. [L. vellico, pp. -atus, to pluck, to twitch, fr. vello, to deprive of hair, pluck]

vellication
vellication (vel′i-ka′shun)

A fibrillary muscular spasm.

vellus
vellus (vel′us)

1. Fine nonpigmented hair covering most of the body. 2. A structure that is fleecy or soft and woolly in appearance. [L. fleece]
v. olivae inferioris a stratum of nerve fibers surrounding the inferior olive.

velocity
velocity (v) (ve-los′i-te)

Rate of movement; specifically, distance traveled or quantity converted per unit time in a given direction. Cf.:speed. [L. velocitas, fr. velox (veloc-), quick, swift]
initial v. the rate of a reaction, e.g., an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, at the early stages of the reaction such that the product(s) concentrations have not risen to a level to significantly affect the observable rate; typically, initial velocities are observed when less than 10% of the reaction's approach toward equilibrium has occurred. SYN: initial rate.
maximum v. (V_max) 1. the maximum rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that can be achieved by progressively increasing the substrate concentration at a given enzyme concentration; in cases of substrate inhibition, V_max is an extrapolated value in the absence of such inhibition; Cf.:Michaelis-Menten equation. 2. the maximum initial rate of shortening of a myocardial fiber that can be obtained under zero load; used to evaluate the contractility of the fiber.
nerve conduction v. the rate of impulse conduction in a peripheral nerve or its various component fibers, generally expressed in meters per second.
PSA v. a measure of the rapidity of change in a person's PSA level.
sedimentation v. the rate of movement of a substance, typically a macromolecule, in centrifugation; these centrifugation studies provide data on the structure of the macromolecule.
steady-state v. the v. of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which, over the time course of the study, the concentration of any enzyme species is constant ( i.e., for an enzyme-substrate binary complex, ES, d[ES]/dt &congru; 0; for this to hold true, the total enzyme concentration must be much less than the initial substrate concentration. SYN: steady-state rate.

velogenic
velogenic (vel-o-jen′ik)

Denoting the virulence of a virus capable of inducing, after a brief incubation period, a fulminating and often lethal disease in embryonic, immature, and adult hosts; used in characterizing Newcastle disease virus. [L. velox, rapid, + G. -gen, producing]

velopharyngeal
velopharyngeal (ve′lo-fa-rin′je-al)

Pertaining to the soft palate (velum palatinum) and the pharyngeal walls.

velosynthesis
velosynthesis (ve′lo-sin′the-sis)

SYN: palatorrhaphy.

Velpeau
Velpeau

Alfred A.L.M., French surgeon, 1795–1867. See V. bandage, V. canal, V. fossa, V. hernia.

velum
velum, pl .vela (ve′lum, -la)

1. Any structure resembling a veil or curtain. SYN: veil (1) , velamen, velamentum. 2. SYN: caul (1) . 3. SYN: greater omentum. 4. Any serous membrane or membranous envelope or covering. [L. veil, sail]
anterior medullary v. SYN: superior medullary v..
inferior medullary v. [TA] a thin sheet of white matter, hidden by the cerebellar tonsil, attached along the peduncle of the flocculus and, at or near the midline, to the nodulus of the vermis; it is continuous caudally with the epithelial lamina and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. SYN: v. medullare inferius [TA] , posterior medullary v., Tarin valve, valvula semilunaris tarini, v. semilunare, v. tarini.
v. interpositum SYN: tela choroidea of third ventricle.
v. medullare inferius [TA] SYN: inferior medullary v..
v. medullare superius [TA] SYN: superior medullary v..
v. palatinum soft palate.
v. pendulum palati SYN: soft palate.
posterior medullary v. SYN: inferior medullary v..
v. semilunare SYN: inferior medullary v..
superior medullary v. [TA] the thin layer of white matter stretching between the two superior cerebellar peduncles, forming the roof of the superior recess of the fourth ventricle. SYN: v. medullare superius [TA] , anterior medullary v., Vieussens valve.
v. tarini SYN: inferior medullary v..
v. terminale SYN: lamina terminalis of cerebrum.
transverse v. a fold in the dorsal wall of the embryonic brain at the boundary between the telencephalon and diencephalon. SYN: v. transversum.
v. transversum SYN: transverse v..
v. triangulare SYN: tela choroidea of third ventricle.

vena
vena, gen. and pl. venae (ve′na, -ne) [TA]

SYN: vein. [L.]
v. advehens, pl .venae advehentes collective term for a series of branching channels in the early embryo receiving blood from the umbilical and/or vitelline venous systems and passing the mixed blood to the sinusoids of the liver; they become terminal branches of the hepatic portal vein. SYN: v. afferens hepatis.
v. afferens hepatis SYN: v. advehens.
v. anastomotica inferior [TA] SYN: inferior anastomotic vein.
v. anastomotica superior [TA] SYN: superior anastomotic vein.
v. angularis [TA] SYN: angular vein.
venae anteriores cerebri [TA] SYN: anterior cerebral veins, under vein.
v. anterior septi pellucidi [TA] SYN: anterior vein of septum pellucidum.
v. apicalis [TA] SYN: apical vein.
v. apicoposterior [TA] SYN: apicoposterior vein.
v. appendicularis [TA] SYN: appendicular vein.
v. aqueductus cochleae SYN: vein of cochlear canaliculus.
v. aqueductus vestibuli [TA] SYN: vein of vestibular aqueduct.
venae arcuatae renis SYN: arcuate veins of kidney, under vein.
v. arteriosa SYN: arterial vein.
venae articulares temporomandibulares SYN: veins of temporomandibular joint, under vein.
v. atrii lateralis SYN: lateral vein of lateral ventricle.
v. atrii medialis SYN: medial vein of lateral ventricle.
v. auricularis anterior SYN: anterior auricular vein.
v. auricularis posterior [TA] SYN: posterior auricular vein.
v. axillaris [TA] SYN: axillary vein.
v. azygos [TA] SYN: azygos vein.
v. azygos major SYN: azygos vein.
v. azygos minor inferior SYN: hemiazygos vein.
v. azygos minor superior SYN: accessory hemiazygos vein.
v. basalis [TA] SYN: basal vein.
v. basalis anterior [TA] SYN: anterior basal vein.
v. basalis communis [TA] SYN: common basal vein.
v. basalis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior basal vein.
v. basalis superior [TA] SYN: superior basal vein.
v. basilica [TA] SYN: basilic vein.
venae basivertebrales [TA] SYN: basivertebral veins, under vein.
Billroth venae cavernosae SYN: venae cavernosae of spleen.
venae brachiales [TA] SYN: brachial veins, under vein.
venae brachiocephalicae (dextrae et sinistrae) [TA] SYN: (left and right) brachiocephalic veins, under vein.
venae bronchiales [TA] SYN: bronchial veins, under vein.
v. bulbi penis [TA] SYN: vein of bulb of penis.
v. bulbi vestibuli [TA] SYN: vein of bulb of vestibule.
v. canaliculi cochleae SYN: vein of cochlear canaliculus.
v. canalis pterygoidei [TA] SYN: vein of pterygoid canal.
venae cardiacae anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior cardiac veins, under vein.
venae cardiacae minimae [TA] SYN: smallest cardiac veins, under vein.
v. cardiaca magna SYN: great cardiac vein.
v. cava inferior [TA] SYN: inferior v. cava.
v. cava superior [TA] SYN: superior v. cava.
venae cavernosae penis [TA] SYN: cavernous veins of penis, under vein.
venae centrales hepatis SYN: central veins of liver, under vein.
v. centralis glandulae suprarenalis [TA] SYN: central vein of suprarenal gland.
v. centralis retinae [TA] SYN: central retinal vein.
v. cephalica [TA] SYN: cephalic vein.
v. cephalica accessoria [TA] SYN: accessory cephalic vein.
v. cephalica antebrachii [TA] SYN: cephalic vein of forearm.
venae cerebelli [TA] SYN: cerebellar veins, under vein.
v. cervicalis profunda [TA] SYN: deep cervical vein.
venae choroideae oculi SYN: vorticose veins, under vein.
v. choroidea inferior [TA] SYN: inferior choroid vein.
v. choroidea inferior [TA] SYN: inferior choroid vein. See basal vein.
v. choroidea superior [TA] SYN: superior choroid vein.
venae ciliares anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior ciliary veins, under vein.
venae circumflexae femoris laterales [TA] SYN: lateral circumflex femoral veins, under vein.
venae circumflexae femoris mediales [TA] SYN: medial circumflex femoral veins, under vein.
v. circumflexa humeri anterior [TA] SYN: anterior circumflex humeral vein.
v. circumflexa humeri posterior [TA] SYN: posterior circumflex humeral vein.
v. circumflexa iliaca profunda [TA] SYN: deep circumflex iliac vein.
v. circumflexa iliaca superficialis [TA] SYN: superficial circumflex iliac vein.
v. colica dextra [TA] SYN: right colic vein.
v. colica media [TA] SYN: middle colic vein.
v. colica sinistra [TA] SYN: left colic vein.
v. colli profunda deep cervical vein.
venae columnae vertebralis [TA] SYN: veins of vertebral column, under vein.
v. comitans a vein accompanying another structure. SYN: accompanying vein.
v. comitans of hypoglossal nerve [TA] runs with the hypoglossal nerve below and lateral to the hyoglossus muscle, emptying usually into the lingual vein. SYN: v. comitans nervi hypoglossi [TA] , accompanying vein of hypoglossal nerve.
v. comitans nervi hypoglossi [TA] SYN: v. comitans of hypoglossal nerve.
venae comitantes [TA] a pair of veins, but occasionally more, that closely accompany an artery in such a manner that the pulsations of the artery aid venous return. SYN: companion veins.
venae conjunctivales [TA] SYN: conjunctival veins, under vein.
venae cordis [TA] SYN: veins of heart, under vein.
v. cordis magna [TA] SYN: great cardiac vein.
v. cordis media [TA] SYN: middle cardiac vein.
venae cordis minimae smallest cardiac veins, under vein.
v. cordis parva [TA] SYN: small cardiac vein.
v. cornus posterioris [TA] SYN: vein of posterior horn.
v. coronaria ventriculi SYN: left gastric vein.
v. cutanea SYN: superficial vein.
v. cystica [TA] SYN: cystic veins, under vein.
venae digitales dorsales pedis [TA] SYN: dorsal digital veins of foot, under vein.
venae digitales palmares [TA] SYN: palmar digital veins, under vein.
venae digitales plantares [TA] SYN: plantar digital veins, under vein.
v. diploica [TA] SYN: diploic vein.
venae directae laterales [TA] SYN: direct lateral veins, under vein.
venae dorsales clitoridis superficiales [TA] SYN: superficial dorsal veins of clitoris, under vein.
venae dorsales linguae [TA] SYN: dorsal lingual vein.
venae dorsales penis superficiales [TA] SYN: superficial dorsal veins of penis, under vein.
v. dorsalis clitoridis profunda [TA] SYN: deep dorsal vein of clitoris.
v. dorsalis corporis callosi posterior vein of corpus callosum.
v. dorsalis penis profunda [TA] SYN: deep dorsal vein of penis.
venae ductuum semicircularium [TA] SYN: veins of semicircular ducts, under vein.
v. emissaria, pl .venae emissariae [TA] SYN: emissary vein.
v. emissaria condylaris [TA] SYN: condylar emissary vein.
v. emissaria mastoidea [TA] SYN: mastoid emissary vein.
v. emissaria occipitalis [TA] SYN: occipital emissary vein.
v. emissaria parietalis [TA] SYN: parietal emissary vein.
venae encephali occipitales [TA] SYN: occipital cerebral veins, under vein.
venae epigastricae superiores [TA] SYN: superior epigastric veins, under vein.
v. epigastrica inferior [TA] SYN: inferior epigastric vein.
v. epigastrica superficialis [TA] SYN: superficial epigastric vein.
venae episclerales [TA] SYN: episcleral veins, under vein.
venae esophageae [TA] SYN: esophageal veins, under vein.
venae ethmoidales [TA] SYN: ethmoidal veins, under vein.
v. facialis [TA] SYN: facial vein.
v. facialis anterior SYN: facial vein.
v. facialis communis SYN: common facial vein.
v. facialis posterior SYN: retromandibular vein.
v. faciei profunda [TA] SYN: deep facial vein.
v. femoralis [TA] SYN: femoral vein.
v. fenestrae cochleae [TA] SYN: vein of cochlear window.
venae fibulares [TA] SYN: fibular veins, under vein, fibular veins, under vein.
venae frontales [NA] SYN: supratrochlear veins, under vein.
v. gastrica dextra [TA] SYN: right gastric vein.
venae gastricae breves [TA] SYN: short gastric veins, under vein.
v. gastrica sinistra [TA] SYN: left gastric vein.
v. gastro-omentalis dextra [TA] SYN: right gastroomental vein.
v. gastro-omentalis sinistra SYN: left gastroomental vein.
venae geniculares [TA] SYN: genicular veins, under vein.
venae gluteae inferiores [TA] SYN: inferior gluteal veins, under vein.
venae gluteae superiores [TA] SYN: superior gluteal veins, under vein.
v. gyri olfactorii [TA] SYN: vein of olfactory gyrus. See basal vein.
v. hemiazygos [TA] SYN: hemiazygos vein.
v. hemiazygos accessoria [TA] SYN: accessory hemiazygos vein.
venae hemispherii cerebelli superiores [TA] SYN: superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein.
venae hemorrhoidales inferiores outmoded term for inferior rectal veins, under vein.
venae hemorrhoidales mediae outmoded term for middle rectal veins, under vein.
v. hemorrhoidalis superior outmoded term for superior rectal vein.
venae hepaticae [TA] SYN: hepatic veins, under vein.
venae hepaticae dextrae [TA] SYN: right hepatic veins, under vein.
venae hepaticae intermediae [TA] SYN: intermediate hepatic veins, under vein.
venae hepaticae mediae [TA] SYN: intermediate hepatic veins, under vein.
venae hepaticae sinistrae [TA] SYN: left hepatic vein.
v. hypogastrica obsolete term for internal iliac vein.
v. ileocolica [TA] SYN: ileocolic vein.
v. iliaca communis [TA] SYN: common iliac vein.
v. iliaca externa [TA] SYN: external iliac vein.
v. iliaca interna [TA] SYN: internal iliac vein.
v. iliolumbalis [TA] SYN: iliolumbar vein.
inferior v. cava (IVC) [TA] vein that receives the blood from the lower limbs and the greater part of the pelvic and abdominal organs; it begins at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the right side by the merger of the right and left common iliac veins, pierces the diaphragm at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra, and empties into the posteroinferior aspect of the right atrium of the heart. SYN: v. cava inferior [TA] , postcava.
venae inferiores cerebelli [TA] SYN: inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein.
venae inferiores cerebri [TA] SYN: inferior cerebral veins, under vein.
v. inferior vermis [TA] SYN: inferior vein of vermis.
v. innominata archaic term for (left and right) brachiocephalic veins, under vein.
venae insulares [TA] veins draining the cortex of the insula, tributaries to the deep middle cerebral vein. SYN: insular veins [TA] .
venae intercapitulares SYN: intercapitular veins, under vein.
venae intercostales anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior intercostal veins, under vein.
venae intercostales posteriores [TA] SYN: posterior intercostal veins, under vein.
v. intercostalis superior dextra [TA] SYN: right superior intercostal vein.
v. intercostalis superior sinistra [TA] SYN: left superior intercostal vein.
v. intercostalis suprema [TA] SYN: supreme intercostal vein.
venae interlobares renis [TA] SYN: interlobar veins of kidney, under vein.
venae interlobulares hepatis [TA] SYN: interlobular veins of liver, under vein.
venae interlobulares renis [TA] SYN: interlobular veins of kidney, under vein.
v. intermedia antebrachii SYN: median antebrachial vein.
v. intermedia basilica [TA] SYN: intermediate basilic vein.
v. intermedia cephalica [TA] SYN: intermediate cephalic vein.
v. intermedia cubiti SYN: median cubital vein.
venae internae cerebri [TA] SYN: internal cerebral veins, under vein.
v. intervertebralis [TA] SYN: intervertebral vein.
venae jejunales et ilei [TA] SYN: jejunal and ileal veins, under vein.
v. jugularis anterior [TA] SYN: anterior jugular vein.
v. jugularis externa [TA] SYN: external jugular vein.
v. jugularis interna [TA] SYN: internal jugular vein.
venae labiales anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior labial veins, under vein.
venae labiales posteriores [TA] SYN: posterior labial veins, under vein.
v. labialis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior labial vein.
v. labialis superior [TA] SYN: superior labial vein.
venae labyrinthi [TA] SYN: labyrinthine veins, under vein.
v. lacrimalis [TA] SYN: lacrimal vein.
v. laryngea inferior [TA] SYN: inferior laryngeal vein.
v. laryngea superior [TA] SYN: superior laryngeal vein.
v. lateralis ventriculi lateralis [TA] SYN: lateral vein of lateral ventricle.
v. lienalis SYN: splenic vein.
v. lingualis SYN: lingual vein.
v. lingularis SYN: lingular vein.
v. lobi medii [TA] SYN: middle lobe vein.
venae lumbales [TA] SYN: lumbar veins, under vein.
v. lumbalis ascendens [TA] SYN: ascending lumbar vein.
v. magna cerebri [TA] SYN: great cerebral vein of Galen.
v. mammaria interna obsolete term for internal thoracic vein.
v. maxillaris, pl .venae maxillares [TA] SYN: maxillary vein.
v. medialis ventriculi lateralis [TA] SYN: medial vein of lateral ventricle.
v. mediana antebrachii [TA] SYN: median antebrachial vein.
v. mediana basilica SYN: intermediate basilic vein.
v. mediana cephalica SYN: intermediate cephalic vein.
v. mediana cubiti [TA] SYN: median cubital vein.
v. media profunda cerebri [TA] SYN: deep middle cerebral vein.
venae mediastinales [TA] SYN: mediastinal veins, under vein.
v. media superficialis cerebri SYN: superficial middle cerebral vein.
venae medullae oblongatae [TA] SYN: veins of medulla oblongata, under vein.
venae medullae spinalis [TA] SYN: veins of spinal cord, under vein.
venae membri inferioris [TA] SYN: veins of lower limb, under vein.
venae membri superioris [TA] SYN: veins of upper limb, under vein.
venae meningeae [TA] SYN: meningeal veins, under vein.
venae meningeae mediae [TA] SYN: middle meningeal veins, under vein.
venae mesencephalicae SYN: mesencephalic veins, under vein.
v. mesenterica inferior [TA] SYN: inferior mesenteric vein.
v. mesenterica superior [TA] SYN: superior mesenteric vein.
venae metacarpeae dorsales [TA] SYN: dorsal metacarpal veins, under vein.
venae metacarpeae palmares [TA] SYN: palmar metacarpal veins, under vein.
venae metatarseae dorsales [TA] SYN: dorsal metatarsal veins, under vein.
venae metatarseae plantares [TA] SYN: plantar metatarsal veins, under vein.
v. modioli communis [TA] SYN: common modiolar vein.
venae musculophrenicae [TA] SYN: musculophrenic veins, under vein.
venae nasales externae [TA] SYN: external nasal veins, under vein.
v. nasofrontalis [TA] SYN: nasofrontal vein.
venae nuclei caudati [TA] SYN: veins of caudate nucleus, under vein.
v. obliqua atrii sinistri [TA] SYN: oblique vein of left atrium.
v. obturatoria, pl .venae obturatoriae [TA] SYN: obturator veins, under vein.
v. occipitalis [TA] SYN: occipital vein.
v. ophthalmica inferior [TA] SYN: inferior ophthalmic vein.
v. ophthalmica superior [TA] SYN: superior ophthalmic vein.
v. ovarica dextra [TA] SYN: right ovarian vein.
v. ovarica sinistra [TA] SYN: left ovarian vein.
v. palatina externa [TA] SYN: external palatine vein.
venae palpebrales [TA] SYN: palpebral veins, under vein.
venae palpebrales inferiores [TA] SYN: inferior palpebral veins, under vein.
venae palpebrales superiores [TA] SYN: superior palpebral veins, under vein.
venae pancreaticae [TA] SYN: pancreatic veins, under vein.
venae pancreaticoduodenales [TA] SYN: pancreaticoduodenal veins, under vein.
venae paraumbilicales [TA] SYN: paraumbilical veins, under vein.
venae parietales SYN: parietal veins, under vein.
venae parotideae [TA] SYN: parotid veins, under vein.
venae pectorales [TA] SYN: pectoral veins, under vein.
venae pedunculares [TA] SYN: peduncular veins, under vein. See basal vein.
venae perforantes [TA] SYN: perforating veins, under vein.
venae pericardiacae [TA] SYN: pericardial veins, under vein.
venae pericardiacophrenicae [TA] SYN: pericardiacophrenic veins, under vein.
venae peroneae fibular veins, under vein.
v. petrosa [TA] petrosal vein.
venae pharyngeae [TA] SYN: pharyngeal veins, under vein.
venae phrenicae superiores [TA] SYN: superior phrenic veins, under vein.
v. phrenica inferior [TA] SYN: inferior phrenic vein.
venae pontis [TA] SYN: pontine veins, under vein.
v. pontomesencephalica [TA] See anterior pontomesencephalic vein.
v. pontomesencephalica anterior SYN: anterior pontomesencephalic vein.
v. poplitea [TA] SYN: popliteal vein.
v. portae hepatis [TA] SYN: hepatic portal vein.
v. portalis SYN: hepatic portal vein.
v. posterior corporis callosi [TA] SYN: posterior vein of corpus callosum.
v. posterior septi pellucidi [TA] SYN: posterior vein of septum pellucidum.
v.(e) posterior(es) ventriculi sinistri SYN: posterior vein(s) of left ventricle.
v. preauricularis SYN: anterior auricular vein.
v. precentralis cerebelli [TA] SYN: precentral cerebellar vein.
venae prefrontales [TA] SYN: prefrontal veins, under vein.
v. prepylorica [TA] SYN: prepyloric vein.
venae profundae cerebri [TA] SYN: deep cerebral veins, under vein.
venae profundae clitoridis [TA] SYN: deep veins of clitoris, under vein.
venae profundae penis SYN: deep veins of penis, under vein.
v. profunda femoris [TA] SYN: profunda femoris vein.
v. profunda linguae [TA] SYN: deep lingual vein.
venae pudendae externae [TA] SYN: external pudendal veins, under vein.
v. pudenda interna [TA] SYN: internal pudendal vein.
venae pulmonales [TA] SYN: pulmonary veins, under vein.
v. pulmonalis inferior dextra [TA] SYN: right inferior pulmonary vein.
v. pulmonalis inferior sinistra [TA] SYN: left inferior pulmonary vein.
v. pulmonalis superior dextra [TA] SYN: right superior pulmonary vein.
v. pulmonalis superior sinistra [TA] SYN: left superior pulmonary vein.
venae radiales [TA] SYN: radial veins, under vein.
v. recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti [TA] SYN: vein of lateral recess of fourth ventricle.
venae rectae the ascending limbs of the vasa rectae in the renal medulla.
venae rectales inferiores [TA] SYN: inferior rectal veins, under vein.
venae rectales mediae [TA] SYN: middle rectal veins, under vein.
v. rectalis superior [TA] SYN: superior rectal vein.
venae renales SYN: renal veins, under vein.
v. retromandibularis [TA] SYN: retromandibular vein.
venae retroperitoneales SYN: retroperitoneal veins, under vein.
v. revehens, pl .venae revehentes veins in the embryo, passing from the sinusoid vessels in the liver to the inferior v. cava, that develop into the hepatic veins.
venae sacrales laterales [TA] SYN: lateral sacral veins, under vein.
v. sacralis mediana [TA] SYN: median sacral vein.
v. saphena accessoria [TA] SYN: accessory saphenous vein.
v. saphena magna [TA] SYN: great saphenous vein.
v. saphena parva [TA] SYN: small saphenous vein.
v. scalae tympani [TA] SYN: vein of scala tympani.
v. scalae vestibuli [TA] SYN: vein of scala vestibuli.
v. scapularis dorsalis [TA] SYN: dorsal scapular vein.
venae sclerales [TA] SYN: scleral veins, under vein.
venae scrotales anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior scrotal veins, under vein.
venae scrotales posteriores [TA] SYN: posterior scrotal veins, under vein.
venae sigmoideae [TA] SYN: sigmoid veins, under vein.
venae spinales [TA] SYN: spinal veins, under vein.
v. spiralis modioli SYN: common modiolar vein.
venae cavernosae of spleen small tributaries of the splenic vein in the pulp of the spleen. SYN: Billroth venae cavernosae.
v. splenica [TA] SYN: splenic vein.
venae stellatae SYN: venulae stellatae, under venula.
v. sternocleidomastoidea [TA] SYN: sternocleidomastoid vein.
venae striatae SYN: inferior thalamostriate veins, under vein.
v. stylomastoidea [TA] SYN: stylomastoid vein.
v. subclavia [TA] SYN: subclavian vein.
venae subcutaneae abdominis SYN: subcutaneous veins of abdomen, under vein.
v. sublingualis [TA] SYN: sublingual vein.
v. submentalis [TA] SYN: submental vein.
venae superficiales cerebri [TA] SYN: superficial cerebral veins, under vein.
v. superficialis [TA] SYN: superficial vein.
superior v. cava [TA] returns blood from the head and neck, upper limbs, and thorax to the posterosuperior aspect of the right atrium; formed in the superior mediastinum by union of the two brachiocephalic veins. SYN: v. cava superior [TA] , precava.
venae superiores cerebelli [TA] superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein.
venae superiores cerebri [TA] SYN: superior cerebral veins, under vein.
v. superior vermis [TA] SYN: superior vein of vermis.
v. supraorbitalis [TA] SYN: supraorbital vein.
v. suprarenalis dextra [TA] SYN: right suprarenal vein.
v. suprarenalis sinistra [TA] SYN: left suprarenal vein.
v. suprascapularis [TA] SYN: suprascapular vein.
venae supratrochleares [TA] SYN: supratrochlear veins, under vein.
venae temporales profundae [TA] SYN: deep temporal veins, under vein.
venae temporales superficiales [TA] SYN: superficial temporal veins, under vein.
v. temporalis media [TA] SYN: middle temporal vein.
v. terminalis superior thalamostriate vein.
v. testicularis dextra [TA] SYN: right testicular vein.
v. testicularis sinistra [TA] SYN: left testicular vein.
venae thalamostriatae inferiores [TA] SYN: inferior thalamostriate veins, under vein.
v. thalamostriata superior [TA] SYN: superior thalamostriate vein.
v. thoracica interna [TA] SYN: internal thoracic vein.
v. thoracica lateralis [TA] SYN: lateral thoracic vein.
v. thoracoacromialis [TA] SYN: thoracoacromial vein.
v. thoracoepigastrica [TA] SYN: thoracoepigastric vein.
venae thymicae [TA] SYN: thymic veins, under vein.
v. thyroidea ima SYN: inferior thyroid vein.
v. thyroidea inferior [TA] SYN: inferior thyroid vein.
v. thyroidea media [TA] SYN: middle thyroid vein.
v. thyroidea superior [TA] SYN: superior thyroid vein.
venae tibiales anteriores [TA] SYN: anterior tibial veins, under vein.
venae tibiales posteriores [TA] SYN: posterior tibial veins, under vein.
venae tracheales [TA] SYN: tracheal veins, under vein.
venae transversae cervicis [TA] SYN: transverse cervical veins, under vein.
venae transversae colli transverse cervical veins, under vein.
v. transversa faciei [TA] SYN: transverse facial vein.
v. transversa scapulae SYN: suprascapular vein.
venae tympanicae [TA] SYN: tympanic veins, under vein.
venae ulnares [TA] SYN: ulnar veins, under vein.
v. umbilicalis [TA] SYN: left umbilical vein.
v. uncalis [TA] a vein draining the uncus into the inferior cerebral vein of the same side. SYN: vein of uncus [TA] .
venae uterinae [TA] SYN: uterine veins, under vein.
v. ventricularis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior ventricular vein. See basal vein.
v. vertebralis [TA] SYN: vertebral vein.
v. vertebralis accessoria [TA] SYN: accessory vertebral vein.
v. vertebralis anterior [TA] SYN: anterior vertebral vein.
venae vesicales [TA] SYN: vesical veins, under vein.
venae vestibulares (anterius et posterius) [TA] SYN: (anterior and posterior) vestibular veins, under vein.
v. vitellina SYN: vitelline vein.
venae vorticosae [TA] SYN: vorticose veins, under vein.

venacavography
venacavography (ve′na-ka-vog′ra-fe)

Angiography of a vena cava. SYN: cavography.

venation
venation (ve-na′shun)

The arrangement and distribution of veins. [L. vena, vein]

vene- vene-

1. The veins, venous. SEE ALSO: veno-. [L. vena, vein] 2. Combining form relating to venom. [L. venenum, poison]

venectasia
venectasia (ve-nek-ta′se-a)

SYN: phlebectasia.

venectomy
venectomy (ve-nek′to-me)

SYN: phlebectomy.

veneer
veneer (ve-ner′)

1. A thin surface layer laid over a base of common material. 2. In dentistry, a layer of tooth-colored material, usually porcelain or composite resin, attached to and covering the surface of a metal crown or natural tooth structure. [Fr. fournir, to furnish]

venenation
venenation (ven-e-na′shun, ve-ne-)

Poisoning, as from a sting or bite. [L. veneno, pp. -atus, to poison, fr. venenum, poison]

veneniferous
veneniferous (ven-e-nif′e-rus)

Conveying poison, as through a sting or bite. [L. venenifer, fr. venenum, poison, + fero, to carry]

venenosalivary
venenosalivary (ven′e-no-sal′i-var-e)

Secreting a poisonous saliva, said of venomous reptiles. SYN: venomosalivary.

venenosity
venenosity (ven-e-nos′i-te)

The state of containing poison or being poisonous. [L. venenosus, poisonous]

venenous
venenous (ven′e-nus)

SYN: poisonous. [L. venenosus]

venereal
venereal (ve-ner′e-al)

Relating to or resulting from sexual intercourse. [L. Venus (vener-), goddess of love]

venereology
venereology (ve-ner-e-ol′o-je)

The study of venereal disease. [venereal (disease) + G. logos, study]

venereophobia
venereophobia (ve-ner′e-o-fo′be-a)

Morbid fear of venereal disease. [venereal (disease) + G. phobos, fear]

venesection
venesection (ven-e-sek′shun)

SYN: phlebotomy. [L. vena, vein, + sectio, a cutting]

veni- veni-

See veno-.

venin
venin (ven′in)

Any poisonous substance found in snake venom. [see venom]

venipuncture
venipuncture (ven′i-punk-choor, ve′ni-)

The puncture of a vein, usually to withdraw blood or inject a solution.

Venn
Venn

John, English logician and philosopher, 1834–1923. See V. diagram.

veno- veno-, veni-

The veins. SEE ALSO: vene- (1) . [L. vena]

venoclysis
venoclysis (ve-nok′li-sis)

SYN: phleboclysis. [veno- + G. klysis, a washing out]

venofibrosis
venofibrosis (ve′no-fi-bro′sis)

SYN: phlebosclerosis.

venogram
venogram (ve′no-gram)

1. Radiograph of opacified veins. 2. SYN: phlebogram. [veno- + G. gramma, a writing]

venography
venography (ve-nog′ra-fe)

Radiographic demonstration of a vein, after the injection of contrast medium. SYN: phlebography (2) . [veno- + G. grapho, to write]
splenic portal v. SYN: splenoportography.
transosseous v. radiographic demonstration of veins that drain a bone's marrow, by injection of contrast medium into the marrow at an appropriate point, as in vertebral v. or azygography by rib injection.
vertebral v. radiographic demonstration of the epidural venous plexus by injection of contrast medium into the spinous process.

venom
venom (ven′om)

A poisonous fluid secreted by snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc. [M. Eng. and O. Fr. venim, fr. L. venenum, poison]
kokoi v. a potent neurotoxin found in the frog Phyllobates bicolor; it is a nonprotein compound with a molecular weight of approximately 400, and is lethal in microgram quantities.
Russell's viper v. a v. derived from Russell's viper (Vipera russelli), which acts as an intrinsic thromboplastin; used in the laboratory evaluation of deficiencies of factor X or topically to arrest local hemorrhage in hemophilia.

venomosalivary
venomosalivary (ven′o-mo-sal′i-var-e)

SYN: venenosalivary.

venomotor
venomotor (ve′no-mo′ter)

Causing change in the caliber of a vein. [veno- + L. motor, a move]

venoperitoneostomy
venoperitoneostomy (ve′no-per-i-to-ne-os′to-me)

An obsolete operation involving insertion of the cut end of the saphenous vein into the peritoneal cavity in cases of ascites; the vein is inverted so that the valves prevent regurgitation of blood into the cavity while the ascitic fluid flows into the vein. [veno- + peritoneum + G. stoma, mouth]

venopressor
venopressor (ve-no-pres′er)

Relating to the venous blood pressure and consequently the volume of venous supply to the right side of the heart.

venosclerosis
venosclerosis (ve′no-skle-ro′sis)

SYN: phlebosclerosis.

venose
venose (ve′nos)

Having veins; veiny. [L. venosus]

venosinal
venosinal (ve′no-si′nal)

Pertaining to the vena cava and the atrial sinus of the heart.

venosity
venosity (ve-nos′i-te)

1. A venous state; a condition in which the bulk of the blood is in the veins at the expense of the arteries. 2. The unaerated condition of venous blood or of hypoxemic arterial blood.

venostasis
venostasis (ve-no-sta′sis, ve-nos′ta-sis)

SYN: phlebostasis. [veno- + G. stasis, a standing]

venostat
venostat (ve′no-stat)

Any instrument for arresting venous bleeding. [veno- + G. statos, standing, stationary]

venostomy
venostomy (ve-nos′to-me)

SYN: cutdown.

venotomy
venotomy (ve-not′o-me)

SYN: phlebotomy.

venous
venous (ve′nus)

Relating to a vein or to the veins. SYN: phleboid (2) . [L. venosus]

venovenostomy
venovenostomy (ve′no-ve-nos′to-me)

The formation of an anastomosis between two veins. SYN: phlebophlebostomy. [veno- + veno- + G. stoma, mouth]

vent
vent

An opening into a cavity or canal, especially one through which the contents of such a cavity are discharged, as the anus. [O. Fr. fente, a chink, cleft]

venter
venter (ven′ter) [TA]

1. SYN: abdomen. 2. [NA] SYN: belly (2) . 3. One of the great cavities of the body. 4. The uterus. [L. v. (ventr-), belly]
v. anterior musculi digastrici [TA] SYN: anterior belly of digastric muscle.
v. frontalis musculi occipitofrontalis [TA] SYN: frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle.
v. inferior musculi omohyoidei [TA] SYN: inferior belly of omohyoid muscle.
v. occipitalis musculi occipitofrontalis [TA] SYN: occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle.
v. posterior musculi digastrici [TA] SYN: posterior belly of digastric muscle.
v. superior musculi omohyoidei [TA] SYN: superior belly of omohyoid muscle.

ventilate
ventilate (ven′ti-lat)

To aerate, or oxygenate, the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. SYN: air (2) . [L. ventilo, pp. -atus, to fan, fr. ventus, the wind]

ventilation
ventilation (ven-ti-la′shun)

1. Replacement of air or other gas in a space by fresh air or gas. 2. Movement of gas(es) into and out of the lungs. SYN: oxidative metabolism, respiration (2) . 3. (V) In physiology, the tidal exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere that occurs in breathing. SEE ALSO: respiration. [see ventilate]
airway pressure release v. mechanical v. in which patients being treated with continuous positive airway pressure have intermittent decreases rather than increases in airway pressure and volume.
alveolar v. (V_A) the volume of gas expired from the alveoli to the outside of the body per minute; calculated as the respiratory frequency (f) multiplied by the difference between tidal volume and the dead space (V_T − V_D); units: ml/min BTPS.
artificial v. any means of producing gas exchange mechanically or manually between the lungs and the surrounding air, which is not performed entirely by the person's own respiratory system. SYN: artificial respiration.
assist-control v. artificial positive-pressure v. by machine in which a full breath is produced automatically, following a patient's natural inspiratory effort. In the event that the patient does not initiate such an effort, the machine will provide a baseline, or “backup” respiratory rate.
assisted v. application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway during inhalation as a means of augmenting movement of gases into the lungs. SYN: assisted respiration.
bag v. SYN: manual v..
continuous positive pressure v. (CPPV) SYN: controlled mechanical v..
controlled v. intermittent application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway as a means of forcing gases into the lungs in the absence of spontaneous ventilatory efforts. SYN: controlled respiration.
controlled mechanical v. (CMV) artificial v. in which all inspirations are provided by positive pressure applied to the airway, regardless of the patient's own efforts at breathing. In current clinical practice, this mode is almost never used. SYN: continuous positive pressure v., intermittent positive pressure v..
high-frequency v. mechanical v. using “jet” administration of breaths at frequencies anywhere from 300–3000 breaths per minute to avoid some complications of more conventional v..
intermittent mandatory v. (IMV) mechanical application of positive pressure volume at a predetermined frequency to the airway, interspersed between the patient's own natural breathing through the ventilator circuit. No attempt is made to time the machine's breaths with the patient's own.
intermittent positive pressure v. (IPPV) SYN: controlled mechanical v..
inverse-ratio v. mechanical v. in which the time allowed by the machine for inspiration exceeds that allowed for expiration, which is opposite the situation in more standard modes of v..
liquid v. an experimental means of ventilating lungs suffering from severe injury, through use of O₂ and CO₂ dissolved in perfluorocarbons in a liquid, thus (theoretically) decreasing the incidence of atelectasis and other problems.
mandatory minute v. mechanical v. in which the ventilator is configured to ensure a certain minute volume, but only if needed.
manual v. intermittent manual compression of a gas-filled reservoir bag to force gases into a patient's lungs and thus maintain oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination during apnea or hypoventilation. SYN: bag v..
maximum voluntary v. (MVV) the volume of air breathed when an individual breathes as deeply and as quickly as possible for a given time ( e.g., 15 s.). Usually extrapolated to what could be breathed over 1 minute. SYN: maximum breathing capacity.
mechanical v. any mechanically assisted breathing, employing either positive or negative pressure devices. Some positive-pressure devices require intubation of the trachea and some require only a mask applied to the mouth or nose. For the past several decades, the standard way of mechanicaly ventilating a patient with respiratory failure has involved intubation of the trachea and either pressure- or volume-limited application of positive pressure to the lungs through the endotracheal tube; currently, the need for intubation in all cases is coming into question and many chronic respiratory failure patients can be adequately ventilated by noninvasive devices.
negative pressure v. mechanical v. in which various devices that surround the thorax are used in such a way that the development of negative or subatmospheric pressure causes thoracic expansion and thus inhalation; the release of the negative pressure allows the thorax to relax and thus the lungs to exhale. This is the type of v. made famous by the “iron lung,” used in so many patients with poliomyelitis. Other such ventilators include the cuirass and the body suit.
noninvasive positive pressure v. the application of positive pressure through a nasal or full-face mask encompassing the nose and mouth, which is cycled in a similar way to modes of v. in which more direct control of the patient's airway or trachea has been achieved. This type of v. is often used to temporize while treating the patient to avoid endotracheal intubation.
permissive hypercapnic v. mechanical v. in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is allowed to rise well above normal values, to minimize the amount of mechanical support given to the patient, and thus minimize complications of that support, such as barotrauma. This mode of v. is used commonly in severe asthmatic patients, who, if ventilated more traditionally, would generate huge pressures in their airways, with resultant pneumothorax.
pressure-controlled v. mechanical v. that is achieved regardless of the patient's spontaneous breathing, but that uses pressure as the major determining variable, along with rate and time, of how much air the patient receives.
pressure-support v. mechanical ventilatory assistance in which each breath triggers a pressure-limited amount of support. The ventilator only provides support of each breath to a preset amount of pressure, thus the volume breathed can differ from breath to breath taken.
proportional assist v. mechanical v. in which the ventilator, in synchrony with the patient's own breathing, gives support in proportion to the effort generated by the patient. This mode allows the patient to determine completely how much support is given by the machine.
pulmonary v. respiratory minute volume, i.e., the total volume of gas per minute inspired (V_I) or expired (V_E) expressed in liters per minute; differs from alveolar v. by including the exchange of dead space gas.
synchronized intermittent mandatory v. (SIMV) intermittent mandatory v. spontaneously initiated by the patient to increase tidal volume to a preset volume, and subsequently synchronized with the patient's respiratory cycle; if the patient makes no respiratory effort, the machine automatically delivers a preset number of breaths by itself.
wasted v. that part of the pulmonary v. which is ineffective in exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with pulmonary capillary blood; calculated as physiologic dead space multiplied by respiratory frequency.

ventilation/perfusion mismatch
ventilation/perfusion mismatch

An imbalance between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow.

ventilator
ventilator (ven′til-a-tor)

SYN: respirator. [L. ventilo, to fan, fr. ventus,wind, + -ator, agent suffix]
cuirass v. rigid breast plate that fits over the anterior portion of the chest and by application and release of negative pressure moves the chest wall, thus “breathing” for the patient.

ventplant
ventplant

An endosteal implant, usually made of titanium, utilized to provide support and fixation for a dental prosthesis by means of projections through the mucosa; also used to designate a family of implants.

ventrad
ventrad (ven′trad)

Toward the ventral aspect; opposed to dorsad. [L. venter, belly, + ad, to]

ventral
ventral (ven′tral) [TA]

1. Pertaining to the belly or to any venter. 2. SYN: anterior (1) . 3. In veterinary anatomy, the undersurface of an animal; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another, i.e., situated nearer the undersurface of the body. [L. ventralis]

ventralis
ventralis (ven-tra′lis) [TA]

SYN: anterior (1) . [L.]

ventral paraflocculus
ventral paraflocculus

A small hemisphere portion of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum (lobule IX) that is structurally associated with the tonsil of the cerebellum (also lobule HIX) and with the uvula (vermis lobule IX). SYN: paraflocculus ventralis.

ventricle
ventricle (ven′tri-kl) [TA]

A normal cavity, as of the brain or heart. SYN: ventriculus (2) [TA] . [L. ventriculus, dim. of venter, belly]
Arantius v. SYN: calamus scriptorius.
cerebral ventricles lateral v., fourth v., third v., cavity of septum pellucidum.
v. of cerebral hemisphere SYN: lateral v..
v. of diencephalon SYN: third v..
double outlet right v. a heterogeneous category of congenital abnormalities as yet unclassified. Basically both great arteries arise in whole or in part from the right v. or an infundibular chamber. Ventricular septal defect is nearly always present.
Duncan v. SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.
fifth v. SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.
fourth v. [TA] a cavity of irregular tentlike shape extending from the obex rostralward to its communication with the sylvian aqueduct, enclosed between the cerebellum dorsally and the rhombencephalic tegmentum ventrally, having a rhomboid-shaped floor (rhomboid fossa) and a tentlike roof which in its caudal part is formed by the tela choroidea and the posterior medullary velum, in its middle part by the white matter of the cerebellum, and in its narrowing rostral part (recessus superior) by the anterior medullary velum. The fourth v. reaches its greatest width at the pontomedullary transition, where it expands laterally behind the cerebellar peduncles into the spoutlike lateral recess, and its greatest height at the fastigial recess, which reaches up into the cerebellar white matter. Direct communication of the brain's v. system and the subarachnoid space is established at the level of the fourth v. by a median opening in the tela choroidea, the medial aperture of Magendie's foramen, which opens into the cerebellomedullary cistern, and on both sides by the lateral aperture or foramen of Luschka, which connects the lateral recess with the interpeduncular cistern. SYN: ventriculus quartus [TA] , v. of rhombencephalon.
laryngeal v. [TA] the recess in each lateral wall of the larynx between the vestibular and vocal folds and into which the laryngeal sacculus opens. SYN: ventriculus laryngis [TA] , laryngeal sinus, Morgagni sinus (3) , Morgagni v., sinus laryngeus.
lateral v. [TA] a cavity shaped somewhat like a horseshoe in conformity with the general shape of the hemisphere; each lateral v. communicates with the third v. through the interventricular foramen of Monro, and expands from there forward into the frontal lobe as the anterior horn as well as caudally over the thalamus as the central part (cella media) or body which, behind the thalamus, curves ventrally and laterally, then forward into the temporal lobe as the inferior horn; from the apex of the curve a variably sized posterior horn extends back into the white matter of the occipital lobe. The large choroid plexus of the lateral v. invades the cella media and the inferior horn (but not the anterior and posterior horn) from the medial side. SYN: ventriculus lateralis [TA] , v. of cerebral hemisphere.
left v. [TA] the lower chamber on the left side of the heart that receives the arterial blood from the left atrium and drives it by the contraction of its walls into the aorta. SYN: ventriculus sinister [TA] .
Morgagni v. SYN: laryngeal v..
parchment right v. SYN: Uhl anomaly.
v. of rhombencephalon SYN: fourth v..
right v. [TA] the lower chamber on the right side of the heart which receives the venous blood from the right atrium and drives it by the contraction of its walls into the pulmonary artery. SYN: ventriculus dexter [TA] .
(right/left) ventricles of heart one of the two lower chambers of the heart. SYN: ventriculus cordis dexter/sinister.
single v. congenital absence or near total absence of the ventricular septum.
sixth v. SYN: Verga v..
sylvian v. SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.
v. of Sylvius SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.
terminal v. [TA] a dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord at the tip of the medullary cone. SYN: ventriculus terminalis [TA] .
third v. [TA] a narrow, vertically oriented, irregularly quadrilateral cavity in the midplane, extending from the lamina terminalis to the rostral opening of the mesencephalic aqueduct. This v. communicates at its rostrodorsal corner with each of the two lateral ventricles through the left and right interventricular foramen of Monro. Its narrow roof is formed by the tela choroidea which is attached on either side to the tenia thalami; its lateral wall is formed by the medial surface of the thalamus and, below the hypothalamic sulcus, by the hypothalamus, which also forms its floor. In lateral profile, the third v. exhibits a number of recesses: in its floor, from before backward, 1) the preoptic recess in the acute angle between the base of the lamina terminalis and the dorsum of the optic chiasm, 2) the infundibular recess extending ventrally into the infundibulum but (in humans) not into the hypophysial stalk, and 3) the mamillary or inframamillary recess caused by the protrusion of the mamillary bodies into the v.. From its dorsocaudal corner, the pineal recess extends caudally into the pineal stalk. SYN: ventriculus tertius [TA] , v. of diencephalon.
Verga v. an inconstant, horizontal, slitlike space between the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum and the underlying commissura fornicis (commissura hippocampi; psalterium) resulting from failure of these two commissural plates to fuse completely during fetal development; like the cavity of the septum pellucidum, the space is not a true v. in the sense that it did not develop from the central canal of the neural tube. SYN: cavum psalterii, cavum vergae, sixth v..
Vieussens v. SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.
Wenzel v. SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.

ventricose
ventricose (ven′tri-kos)

Bulging or swollen on one side or unequally.

ventricular
ventricular (ven-trik′u-lar)

Relating to a ventricle, in any sense. SYN: ventricularis (1) .

ventricularis
ventricularis (ven-trik′u-la′ris)

1. SYN: ventricular. 2. SYN: thyroepiglottic part of thyroarytenoid (muscle). [Mod. L. fr. L. ventriculus]

ventricularization
ventricularization (ven-trik′u-lar-i-za′shun)

Transformation of an atrial phenomenon to simulate a ventricular one, especially of the atrial (or venous) pulse tracing in tricuspid regurgitation.

ventricular ponderance
ventricular ponderance (ven-trik′7Macr;u-lar pon′der-ans)

A semiobsolete electrocardiographic term suggesting that one ventricle is either larger or thicker than the other.

ventriculectomy
ventriculectomy

partial left v. SYN: left ventricular volume reduction surgery.

ventriculitis
ventriculitis (ven-trik-u-li′tis)

Inflammation of the ventricles of the brain. [ventricle + G. -itis, inflammation]

ventriculo- ventriculo-

A ventricle. [L. ventriculus]

ventriculoatrial
ventriculoatrial (VA) (ven-trik′u-lo-a′tre-al)

Relating to both ventricles and atria, especially to the sequential passage of conduction in the retrograde direction from ventricle to atrium.

ventriculocisternostomy
ventriculocisternostomy (ven-trik′u-lo-sis′ter-nos′to-me)

An artificial opening between the ventricles of the brain and the cisterna magna. SEE ALSO: shunt (2) . [ventriculo- + L. cisterna, cistern, + G. stoma, mouth]

ventriculography
ventriculography (ven-trik-u-log′ra-fe)

1. Radiographic demonstration of the cerebral ventricles by direct injection of air or contrast medium; developed and described by Dandy in 1918. Cf.:pneumoencephalography. 2. Demonstration of the contractility of the cardiac ventricles by recording serially the distribution of intravenously injected radionuclide or that of radiographic contrast medium injected through an intracardiac catheter. [ventriculo- + G. graphe, a writing]
radionuclide v. SYN: radionuclide angiocardiography.

ventriculomastoidostomy
ventriculomastoidostomy (ven-trik′u-lo-mas′toy-dos′to-me)

Operation for the establishment of a communication between the lateral cerebral ventricle and the mastoid antrum by means of a polythene tube for the relief of hydrocephalus. SEE ALSO: shunt (2) . [ventriculo- + mastoid, + G. stoma, mouth]

ventriculonector
ventriculonector (ven-trik′oo-lo-nek′ter, -tor)

SYN: atrioventricular bundle. [ventriculo- + L. necto, to join]

ventriculophasic
ventriculophasic (ven-trik′u-lo-fa′zik)

Influenced by ventricular contraction; applied to the atrial rhythm when this is modified by ventricular contraction; in v. sinus arrhythmia in complete AV block the sinus impulse immediately following a ventricular contraction usually appears sooner than expected.

ventriculoplasty
ventriculoplasty (ven-trik′u-lo-plas-te)

Any surgical procedure to repair a defect of one of the ventricles of the heart. [ventriculo- + G. plastos, formed]
reduction left v. SYN: left ventricular volume reduction surgery.

ventriculopuncture
ventriculopuncture (ven-trik′u-lo-punk′choor)

Insertion of a needle into a ventricle.

ventriculoscopy
ventriculoscopy (ven-trik-u-los′ko-pe)

Direct inspection of a ventricle with an endoscope. [ventriculo- + G. skopeo, to view]

ventriculostomy
ventriculostomy (ven-trik-u-los′to-me)

Establishment of an opening in a ventricle, usually through the floor of the third ventricle to the subarachnoid space to relieve hydrocephalus. SEE ALSO: shunt (2) . [ventriculo- + G. stoma, mouth]
third v. an operation to establish an opening from the third ventricle to the prechiasmal and interpeduncular cisterns (Stookey-Scarff operation) or from the third ventricle to the interpeduncular cistern (Dandy operation).

ventriculosubarachnoid
ventriculosubarachnoid (ven-trik′u-lo-sub-a-rak′noyd)

Relating to the space occupied by the cerebrospinal fluid. [ventriculo- + subarachnoid]

ventriculotomy
ventriculotomy (ven-trik-u-lot′o-me)

Incision into a ventricle; e.g., into the cerebral third ventricle for the relief of hydrocephalus or into a cardiac ventricle to surgically correct an abnormality. [ventriculo- + G. tome, incision]

ventriculus
ventriculus, pl .ventriculi (ven-trik′u-lus, -li) [TA]

1. SYN: stomach. 2. SYN: ventricle. 3. The enlarged posterior portion of the mesenteron of the insect alimentary canal, in which digestion occurs. [L. dim. of venter, belly]
v. cordis dexter/sinister SYN: (right/left) ventricles of heart, under ventricle.
v. dexter [TA] SYN: right ventricle.
v. laryngis [TA] SYN: laryngeal ventricle.
v. lateralis [TA] SYN: lateral ventricle.
v. quartus [TA] SYN: fourth ventricle.
v. quintus SYN: cavity of septum pellucidum.
v. sinister [TA] SYN: left ventricle.
v. terminalis [TA] SYN: terminal ventricle.
v. tertius [TA] SYN: third ventricle.

ventriduct
ventriduct (ven′tri-dukt)

To draw toward the abdomen. [L. venter, belly, + duco, pp. ductus, to lead]

ventriduction
ventriduction (ven-tri-duk′shun)

Drawing toward the abdomen or abdominal wall.

ventro- ventro-

Ventral. [L. venter, belly]

ventrocystorrhaphy
ventrocystorrhaphy (ven′tro-sis-tor′a-fe)

SYN: cystopexy. [ventro- + G. kystis, cyst, + rhaphe, suture]

ventrodorsad
ventrodorsad (ven-tro-dor′sad)

In a direction from the venter to the dorsum.

ventroinguinal
ventroinguinal (ven′tro-ing′gwi-nal)

Relating to the abdomen and the groin.

ventrolateral
ventrolateral (ven-tro-lat′e-ral)

Both ventral and lateral, i.e., to the front and to the side.

ventromedian
ventromedian (ven-tro-me′de-an)

Relating to the midline of the ventral surface.

ventroptosis
ventroptosis, ventroptosia (ven-tro-to′sis, -to′se-a)

SYN: gastroptosis. [ventro- + G. ptosis, a falling]

ventroscopy
ventroscopy (ven-tros′ko-pe)

SYN: peritoneoscopy. [ventro- + G. skopeo, to view]

ventrotomy
ventrotomy (ven-trot′o-me)

SYN: celiotomy. [ventro- + G. tome, incision]

Venturi
Venturi

Giovanni B., Italian physicist, 1746–1822. See V. effect, V. meter, V. tube.

venula
venula, pl .venulae (ven′oo-la, -le) [TA]

SYN: venule. [L. dim. of vena, vein]
v. macularis inferior [TA] SYN: inferior macular venule.
v. macularis superior [TA] SYN: superior macular venule.
v. medialis retinae [TA] SYN: medial venule of retina.
v. nasalis retinae inferior [TA] SYN: inferior nasal retinal venule.
v. nasalis retinae superior [TA] SYN: superior nasal retinal venule.
venulae rectae of kidney [TA] venules that drain the medullary pyramids of the kidney; they open into arcuate veins. SYN: venulae rectae renis [TA] , straight venules of kidney.
venulae rectae renis [TA] SYN: venulae rectae of kidney.
venulae stellatae the star-shaped groups of venules in the renal cortex. SYN: stellate veins, stellate venules, stellulae verheyenii, venae stellatae, Verheyen stars.
v. temporalis retinae inferior [TA] SYN: inferior temporal retinal venule.
v. temporalis retinae superior [TA] SYN: superior temporal retinal venule.

venular
venular (ven′oo-lar)

Pertaining to venules. SYN: venulous.

venule
venule (ven′ool, ve′nool) [TA]

A venous radicle continuous with a capillary. SYN: venula [TA] , capillary vein, veinlet.
high endothelial postcapillary venules venules in the lymph nodes, tonsils, and Peyer patches that have a high-walled endothelium through which blood lymphocytes migrate from the blood into the lymphatic parenchyma.
inferior macular v. [TA] a small tributary of the central vein of the retina that drains the lower part of the macula. SYN: venula macularis inferior [TA] .
inferior nasal v. of retina SYN: inferior nasal retinal v..
inferior nasal retinal v. [TA] the small vein that passes from the inferior medial (nasal) part of the retina to join the central vein. SYN: venula nasalis retinae inferior [TA] , inferior nasal v. of retina.
inferior temporal v. of retina SYN: inferior temporal retinal v..
inferior temporal retinal v. [TA] the small vein that passes from the lower lateral (temporal) part of the retina to enter the central vein. SYN: venula temporalis retinae inferior [TA] , inferior temporal v. of retina.
medial v. of retina [TA] the small vein that passes from the part of the retina between the macula and the optic disk to join the central vein. SYN: venula medialis retinae [TA] .
nasal venules of retina inferior nasal retinal v., superior nasal retinal v..
pericytic venules SYN: postcapillary venules.
postcapillary venules the microvasculature immediately following the capillaries, ranging in size from 10 to 50 μm, and characterized by investment of pericytes; they are the site of extravasation of blood cells, are particularly sensitive to histamine, and are believed to be important in blood-interstitial fluid exchanges. SYN: pericytic venules.
stellate venules SYN: venulae stellatae, under venula.
straight venules of kidney SYN: venulae rectae of kidney, under venula.
superior macular v. [TA] a small tributary of the central vein of the retina that drains the upper part of the macula. SYN: venula macularis superior [TA] .
superior nasal v. of retina SYN: superior nasal retinal v..
superior nasal retinal v. [TA] the small vein that drains blood from the upper medial (nasal) part of the retina; it joins the central vein. SYN: venula nasalis retinae superior [TA] , superior nasal v. of retina.
superior temporal v. of retina SYN: superior temporal retinal v..
superior temporal retinal v. [TA] the v. that passes from the upper lateral (temporal) part of the retina to join the central vein. SYN: venula temporalis retinae superior [TA] , superior temporal v. of retina.
temporal venules of retina inferior temporal retinal v., superior temporal retinal v..

venulous
venulous (ven′oo-lus)

SYN: venular.

VER
VER

Abbreviation for visual evoked response. See evoked response.

verapamil
verapamil (ver-ap′a-mil)

A calcium channel blocking agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and angina pectoris. SYN: iproveratril.

veratric acid
veratric acid (ve-rat′rik)

Obtained by methylation and subsequent oxidation of protocatechuic acid; present in the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla officinarum).

veratridine
veratridine (ver-a-tri′den)

An alkaloid derived from Veratrum viridae and V. album. Probably responsible for antihypertensive properties of this class of alkaloids.

veratrine
veratrine (ver′a-tren, -trin)

A mixture of alkaloids from the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla officinarum) (family Liliaceae), including cevine, cevadine, cevadilline, sabadine, and veratridine; a powder of acrid taste, intensely irritating to the nasal mucous membrane, that has been used as an anodyne counterirritant in neuralgias and arthritis.

Veratrum
Veratrum (ve-ra′trum)

A genus of toxic liliaceous plants. [L. hellebore]
V. album the rhizome has emetic and cathartic actions.
V. viride the dried rhizome and roots contain therapeutically important alkaloids (cevadine, veratridine, jervine, pseudojervine, rubijervine, and several ester alkaloids of the base germine) used in the treatment of hypertensive disorders.

verbigeration
verbigeration (ver-bij-er-a′shun)

Constant repetition of meaningless words or phrases; seen in schizophrenia. SYN: oral stereotypy. [L. verbum, word, + gero, to carry about]

verbomania
verbomania (ver-bo-ma′ne-a)

A rarely used term for an abnormal talkativeness; a psychotic flow of speech. [L. verbum, word, + G. mania, frenzy]

verdigris
verdigris (ver′di-gres, -gris, -gre)

Cupric acetate (normal). [O. Fr. verd, green, de, of, Gris, Greeks]

verdine
verdine (ver′din)

SYN: biliverdin.

verdoglobin
verdoglobin (ver-do-glo-bin)

Obsolete term for choleglobin.

verdohemochrome
verdohemochrome (ver-do-he′mo-krom)

An intermediate stage in hemoglobin degradation to yield the bile pigments, i.e., hemoglobin yields choleglobin (verdohemoglobin) and the loss of globin leaves v., the precursor of biliverdin.

verdohemoglobin
verdohemoglobin (ver′do-he-mo-glo′bin)

SYN: choleglobin.

verdoperoxidase
verdoperoxidase (ver′do-per-oks′i-das)

A peroxidase, occurring in leukocytes, that contains a greenish ferriheme; responsible for the peroxidase activity of pus.

Verga
Verga

Andrea, Italian neurologist, 1811–1895. See V. ventricle, cavum vergae.

verge
verge (verj)

An edge or margin.
anal v. the transitional zone between the moist, hairless, modified skin of the anal canal and the perianal skin.

vergence
vergence (ver′jens)

A disjunctive movement of the eyes in which the fixation axes are not parallel, as in convergence or divergence. [L. vergo, to incline, to turn]
v. of lens the reciprocal of the principal focal distance used as a measure of the divergence or convergence of parallel rays.

Verheyen
Verheyen

Philippe, Flemish anatomist, 1648–1710. See V. stars, under star, stellulae verheyenii, under stellula.

Verhoeff
Verhoeff

Frederick H., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1874–1968. See V. elastic tissue stain.

Vermes
Vermes (ver′mez)

Archaic term for a subkingdom of the animal kingdom containing worms and wormlike organisms; an unnatural division no longer in taxonomic use. [L. vermis, worm]

vermi- vermi-

A worm; wormlike. [L. vermis]

vermicidal
vermicidal (ver′mi-si′dal)

Destructive to worms; specifically, destructive to parasitic intestinal worms. [vermi- + L. caedo, to kill]

vermicide
vermicide (ver′mi-sid)

An agent that kills intestinal parasitic worms. [vermi- + L. caedo, to kill]

vermicular
vermicular (ver-mik′oo-lar)

Relating to, resembling, or moving like a worm. [L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, worm]

vermiculation
vermiculation (ver-mik-u-la′shun)

A wormlike movement, as in peristalsis.

vermicule
vermicule (ver′mi-kool)

1. A small worm or wormlike organism or structure. 2. SYN: ookinete. [L. vermiculus, a small worm]

vermiculose
vermiculose, vermiculous (ver-mik′u-los, -lus)

1. Wormy; infected with worms or larvae. 2. Wormlike. SEE ALSO: vermiform.

vermiculus
vermiculus (ver-mik′u-lus)

See vermicule. [L. dim. of vermis, worm]

vermiform
vermiform (ver′mi-form)

Worm-shaped; resembling a worm in form, denoting especially the appendix of the cecum. SEE ALSO: lumbricoid, scolecoid (2) . [vermi- + L. forma, form]

vermifugal
vermifugal (ver-mif′u-gal)

SYN: anthelmintic (2) . [vermi- + L. fugo, to chase away]

vermifuge
vermifuge (ver′mi-fooj)

SYN: anthelmintic (1) . [vermi- + L. fugo, to chase away]

vermilion
vermilion (ver-mil′yon) [C.I. 77766]

A red pigment made from cinnabar or red mercuric sulfide.

vermilionectomy
vermilionectomy (ver-mil-yon-ek′to-me)

Excision of the vermilion border of the lip. [vermilion border + G. ektome, cutting out]

vermin
vermin (ver′min)

Parasitic insects, such as lice and bedbugs. [L. vermis, a worm]

verminal
verminal (ver′mi-nal)

SYN: verminous.

vermination
vermination (ver-mi-na′shun)

1. The production or breeding of worms or larvae. 2. Infestation with vermin.

verminous
verminous (ver′mi-nus)

Relating to, caused by, or infested with worms, larvae, or vermin. SYN: verminal. [L. verminosus, wormy]

vermis
vermis, pl .vermes (ver′mis, -mez)

1. A worm; any structure or part resembling a worm in shape. 2. [TA] V. cerebelli, the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum; the portion projecting above the level of the hemispheres on the upper surface is called the superior v.; the lower portion, sunken between the two hemispheres and forming the floor of the vallecula, is the inferior v.. [L. worm]

vermix
vermix (ver′miks)

SYN: appendix (2) .

Verner
Verner

John, U.S. internist, *1927. See V.-Morrison syndrome.

Vernet
Vernet

Maurice, French neurologist, 1887–1974. See V. syndrome.

Vernier
Vernier

Pierre, French mathematician, 1580–1637. See V. acuity.

vernix
vernix (ver′niks)

SYN: varnish (dental). [Mod. L.]
v. caseosa the fatty substance, consisting of desquamated epithelial cells, lanugo hairs, and sebaceous matter, which covers the skin of the fetus.

Verocay
Verocay

José, Czechoslovakian pathologist, 1876–1927. See V. bodies, under body.

Veronal
Veronal (ver′o-nal)

SYN: barbital.

verruca
verruca, pl .verrucae (ve-roo′ka, -ke)

A flesh-colored growth characterized by circumscribed hypertrophy of the papillae of the corium, with thickening of the malpighian, granular, and keratin layers of the epidermis, caused by human papilloma virus; also applied to epidermal verrucous tumors of nonviral etiology. SYN: verruga, wart. [L.]
v. digitata a wart in which the papillae project like fingers; they occur in groups, often on the scalp. SYN: digitate wart.
v. filiformis a wart composed of a single or many greatly elongated papillae; appears more commonly on the face and neck. SYN: filiform wart.
v. peruana, v. peruviana SYN: verruga peruana.
v. plana a smooth, flat, flesh-colored wart of small size, occurring in groups, seen especially on the face of the young; often associated with common warts of the hands, due to human papilloma virus, commonly, types 3 and 10. SYN: flat wart, plane wart, v. plana juvenilis.
v. plana juvenilis SYN: v. plana.
v. plana senilis SYN: actinic keratosis.
v. plantaris SYN: plantar wart.
seborrheic v. SYN: seborrheic keratosis.
v. senilis SYN: actinic keratosis.
v. simplex SYN: v. vulgaris.
v. vulgaris a keratotic papilloma of the epidermis which occurs most frequently in young persons as a result of localized infection by human papilloma virus, usually types 2 and 4; the lesions are of variable duration, eventually undergoing spontaneous regression, and are both exophytic and endophytic, with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, hypergranulosis, koilocytosis, and papillomatosis. SYN: common wart, infectious wart, v. simplex, viral wart.

verruciform
verruciform (ve-roo′si-form)

Wart-shaped. [L. verruca, wart, + forma, form]

verrucose
verrucose (ve-roo′kos)

Resembling a wart; denoting wartlike elevations. SYN: verrucous. [L. verrucosus]

verrucosis
verrucosis (ver-oo-ko′sis)

A condition marked by the appearance of multiple warts. [L. verruca, wart, + G. -osis, condition]
lymphostatic v. SYN: mossy foot.

verrucous
verrucous (ve-roo′kus)

SYN: verrucose.

verruga
verruga (ve-roo′ga)

SYN: verruca. [Sp.]
v. peruana a late, eruptive stage of bartonellosis; characterized by soft conical or pedunculated vascular papules anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes from miliary size to several centimeters, resolving without scars after a few months. SYN: Peruvian wart, verruca peruana, verruca peruviana.

versicolor
versicolor (ver-si-kol′or)

Variegated; marked by a variety of color. [L. particolored, fr. verso, to turn, twist, + color, color]

version
version (ver′zhun, -shun)

1. Displacement of the uterus, with tilting of the entire organ without bending upon itself; such displacement may be anteversion, retroversion, or lateroversion. 2. Change of position of the fetus in the uterus, occurring spontaneously or effected by manipulation. 3. SYN: inclination. 4. Conjugate rotation of the eyes in the same direction; such rotation may be dextroversion, levoversion, supraversion, or infraversion. [L. verto, pp. versus, to turn]
bimanual v. turning of the baby in utero, performed by the hands acting upon both extremities of the fetus; it may be external v. or combined v.. SYN: bipolar v..
bipolar v. SYN: bimanual v..
cephalic v. v. in which the fetus is turned so that the head presents; can be external cephalic v. or internal cephalic v.. SEE ALSO: external cephalic v., internal cephalic v..
combined v. bipolar v. by means of one hand in the vagina, the other on the abdominal wall.
external cephalic v. v. performed entirely by external manipulation. SEE ALSO: cephalic v..
internal cephalic v. v. performed by means of one hand within the uterus. SEE ALSO: cephalic v..
internal podalic v. maneuver to deliver the fetus by inserting a hand into the uterine cavity, grasping one or both feet, and drawing them through the cervix; rarely indicated today except for the delivery of a second twin. SYN: podalic v..
pelvic v. v. by means of which a transverse or oblique presentation is converted into a pelvic presentation by manipulating the buttocks of the fetus.
podalic v. SYN: internal podalic v..
postural v. nonmanual v. obtained by changing the position of the mother.
Potter v. obsolete term for a v. in which both feet are brought down until the buttocks are delivered, the back is then rotated to an anterior position, the arms and shoulders are delivered by twisting and downward movements.
spontaneous v. turning of the fetus effected by the unaided contraction of the uterine muscle.
Wright v. a cephalic v. employed in cases of shoulder presentation when the shoulders are pushed upward while the breech is moved toward the center of the uterus by the other hand; the head is then guided into the pelvis.

vertebra
vertebra, gen. and pl. vertebrae (ver′te-bra, -bre) [TA]

One of the segments of the spinal column; in humans, there are usually 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into one bone, the sacrum), and 4 coccygeal (fused into one bone, the coccyx). [L. joint, fr. verto, to turn]
basilar v. the lowest lumbar v..
block vertebrae congenitally fused and hypoplastic vertebral bodies which, on radiographs, give the appearance of a more or less solid bony mass. See Klippel-Feil syndrome.
butterfly v. a hemivertebra or sagittally cleft v. that has a butterfly configuration on frontal radiographs; congenital in origin.
v. C1 atlas.
v. C2 axis (5) .
caudal vertebrae the vertebrae that form the skeleton of the tail.
cervical vertebrae [C1–C7] [TA] the seven segments of the vertebral column located in the neck. SYN: vertebrae cervicales [C1–C7].
vertebrae cervicales [C1–C7] SYN: cervical vertebrae [C1–C7].
vertebrae coccygeae [Co1–Co4] [TA] SYN: coccygeal vertebrae [Co1–Co4].
coccygeal vertebrae [Co1–Co4] [TA] the four terminal segments of the vertebral column, usually fused to form the coccyx. SYN: vertebrae coccygeae [Co1–Co4] [TA] , tail vertebrae.
codfish vertebrae exaggeration of the concavity of the upper and lower end plates of the vertebrae, as demonstrated radiographically in various types of osteopenia.
cranial v. a segment of the skull regarded as homologous with a segment of the vertebral column.
v. dentata SYN: axis (5) .
dorsal vertebrae [L1–L4] an archaic term for thoracic vertebrae.
false vertebrae the fused vertebral segments of the sacrum and coccyx. SYN: vertebrae spuriae.
first cervical v. SYN: atlas.
hourglass vertebrae the radiographic appearance of some vertebrae in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda.
H-shape vertebrae sharply delimited depression of the central portion of the endplates of the vertebrae, producing a stocky “H” shape on radiographs, as in sickle cell anemia.
ivory v. a radiographically dense v., usually from metastatic disease, especially lymphoma when solitary.
vertebrae lumbales [L1–L5] SYN: lumbar vertebrae [L1–L5].
lumbar vertebrae [L1–L5] the vertebrae, usually five in number, located in the lumbar region of the back. SYN: vertebrae lumbales [L1–L5].
v. magna SYN: sacrum.
odontoid v. SYN: axis (5) .
picture frame v. radiographically diminished density of trabecular bone with relative preservation of the cortex, a sign of osteopenia.
v. plana spondylitis with reduction of vertebral body to a thin disk.
v. prominens [TA] the v. in the cervicothoracic region which has the most prominent spinous process (seventh cervical v. in 70% of the cases, sixth in 20%, and first thoracic v. in 10%). SYN: nuchal tubercle.
rugger jersey v. appearance of a vertebral body with horizontal sclerotic bands adjacent to the endplates; associated with renal osteodystrophy.
vertebrae sacrales [S1–S5] SYN: sacral vertebrae [S1–S5].
sacral vertebrae [S1–S5] the segments of the vertebral column, usually five in number, that fuse to form the sacrum. SYN: vertebrae sacrales [S1–S5].
second cervical v. SYN: axis (5) .
vertebrae spuriae SYN: false vertebrae.
tail vertebrae SYN: coccygeal vertebrae [Co1–Co4].
vertebrae thoracicae [T1–T12] SYN: thoracic vertebrae [T1–T12].
thoracic vertebrae [T1–T12] [TA] the segments of the vertebral column, usually 12, which articulate with ribs to form part of the thoracic cage. SYN: vertebrae thoracicae [T1–T12].
toothed v. SYN: axis (5) .
true v. any one of the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar vertebrae. SYN: v. vera.
v. vera SYN: true v..

vertebral
vertebral (ver′te-bral)

Relating to a vertebra or the vertebrae.

vertebrarium
vertebrarium (ver-te-bra′re-um)

SYN: vertebral column. [Mod. L.]

Vertebrata
Vertebrata (ver-te-brah′ta, -bra′ta)

The vertebrates, a major division of the phylum Chordata, consisting of those animals with a dorsal hollow nerve cord enclosed in a cartilaginous or bony spinal column; includes several classes of fishes, and the amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. SYN: Craniata. [L. vertebratus, jointed]

vertebrate
vertebrate (ver′te-brat)

1. Having a vertebral column. 2. An animal having vertebrae.

vertebrated
vertebrated (ver′te-brat-ed)

Jointed; composed of segments arranged longitudinally as in certain instruments.

vertebrectomy
vertebrectomy (ver′te-brek′to-me)

Resection of a vertebral body. [vertebra + G. ektome, excision]

vertebro- vertebro-

A vertebra, vertebral. [L. vertebra]

vertebroarterial
vertebroarterial (ver′te-bro-ar-ter′e-al)

Relating to a vertebra and an artery, or to the vertebral artery.

vertebrochondral
vertebrochondral (ver′te-bro-kon′dral)

Denoting the three false ribs (eighth, ninth, and tenth), which are connected with the vertebrae at one extremity and the costal cartilages at the other, these cartilages not articulating directly with the sternum. SYN: vertebrocostal (2) . [vertebro- + G. chondros, cartilage]

vertebrocostal
vertebrocostal (ver′te-bro-kos′tal)

1. SYN: costovertebral. 2. SYN: vertebrochondral. [vertebro- + L. costa, rib]

vertebrofemoral
vertebrofemoral (ver-te-bro-fem′o-ral)

Relating to the vertebrae and the femur.

vertebroiliac
vertebroiliac (ver′te-bro-il′e-ak)

Relating to the vertebrae and the ilium.

vertebrosacral
vertebrosacral (ver-te-bro-sa′kral)

Relating to the vertebrae and the sacrum.

vertebrosternal
vertebrosternal (ver′te-bro-ster′nal)

SYN: sternovertebral.

vertex
vertex, pl .vertices (ver′teks, ver′ti-sez) [TA]

1. [NA] The topmost point of the vault of the skull, a landmark in craniometry. 2. In obstetrics, the portion of the fetal head bounded by the planes of the trachelobregmatic and biparietal diameters, with the posterior fontanel at the apex. [L. whirl, whorl]
v. cordis SYN: apex of heart.
v. of cornea SYN: corneal v..
v. corneae [TA] SYN: corneal v..
corneal v. [TA] the central part of the cornea, slightly thinner than the peripheal part. SYN: v. corneae [TA] , v. of cornea.

vertical
vertical (ver′ti-kal) [TA]

1. Relating to the vertex, or crown of the head. 2. Perpendicular. 3. Denoting any plane or line that passes longitudinally through the body in the anatomic position. SYN: verticalis [TA] .

verticalis
verticalis (ver-ti-ka′lis) [TA]

SYN: vertical. [L.]

vertices
vertices (ver′ti-sez)

Plural of vertex.

verticil
verticil (ver′ti-sil)

A collection of similar parts radiating from a common axis. SYN: vortex (1) , whorl (4) . [L. verticillus, the whirl of a spindle, dim. of vertex, a whirl]

verticillate
verticillate (ver′ti-sil′at)

Disposed in the form of a verticil.

Verticillium
Verticillium (ver-ti-sil′e-um)

A genus of hyphomycetous fungi often found in clinical specimens as contaminants. They are occasionally found in the meatus in cases of otitis externa, but are of doubtful pathogenicity. [L. verticillus, the whirl of a spindle]

verticomental
verticomental (ver-ti-ko-men′tal)

Relating to the crown of the head and the chin; denoting a diameter in craniometry.

vertiginous
vertiginous (ver-tij′i-nus)

Relating to or suffering from vertigo.

vertigo
vertigo (ver′ti-go, ver-ti′go)

1. A sensation of spinning or whirling motion. V. implies a definite sensation of rotation of the subject (subjective v.) or of objects about the subject (objective v.) in any plane. 2. Imprecisely used as a general term to describe dizziness. [L. v. (vertigin-), dizziness, fr. verto, to turn]
aural v. 1. v. caused by disease of the internal ear or pressure of cerumen on the drum membrane; 2. nonspecific term for v. caused by labyrinthine disorders.
benign paroxysmal positional v. a recurrent, brief form of positional v. occurring in clusters; believed to result from displaced remnants of utricular otoconia. SYN: cupulolithiasis.
benign positional v. brief attacks of paroxysmal v. and nystagmus that occur solely with certain head movements or positions, e.g., with neck extension; due to labyrinthine dysfunction. SYN: positional v. of Bárány, postural v. (1) .
Charcot v. SYN: tussive syncope.
chronic v. SYN: status vertiginosus.
endemic paralytic v. SYN: vestibular neuronitis.
epidemic v. SYN: vestibular neuronitis.
height v. dizziness experienced when looking down from a great height or in looking up at a high building or cliff. SYN: vertical v. (1) .
horizontal v. dizziness experienced on lying down.
hysterical v. a sensation of dizziness, as from a whirling motion, whose etiology is psychosomatic.
laryngeal v. SYN: tussive syncope.
lateral v. dizziness caused by watching rows of vertical objects ( e.g., telegraph poles, trees, and fences) from the window of a fast-moving vehicle.
mechanical v. v. caused by continued rotation or vibration of the body.
nocturnal v. a feeling of falling when dropping off to sleep.
ocular v. dizziness attributed to refractive errors or imbalance of the extrinsic muscles.
organic v. v. due to brain damage.
paralyzing v. SYN: vestibular neuronitis.
physiologic v. SYN: space sickness.
positional v. v. occurring with a change in body position.
positional v. of Bárány SYN: benign positional v..
postural v. 1. SYN: benign positional v.. 2. light-headedness that appears particularly in elderly people with change of position, usually from lying or sitting to standing; due to orthostatic hypotension.
sham-movement v. dizziness accompanied by an impression that the body is rotating or that objects are rotating about the body.
vertical v. 1. SYN: height v.. 2. dizziness experienced when standing upright.
visual v. v. induced by visual stimuli.

vertometer
vertometer (ver-tom′e-ter)

SYN: lensometer. [vertex + G. metron, measure]

verumontanum
verumontanum (ver-oo-mon-ta′num)

SYN: seminal colliculus. [L. veru, a spit, + montanus, mountainous]

vesalianum
vesalianum (ve-sa′le-a′num)

SYN: os v..

Vesalius
Vesalius, Wesal, Vesal

Andreas (Andre), Flemish anatomist, 1514–1564. See V. bone, V. foramen, V. vein.

vesic- vesic-

See vesico-.

vesica
vesica, gen. and pl. vesicae (ve si ka, ve si se; -ke) [TA]

1. [NA] SYN: urinary bladder. 2. Any hollow structure or sac, normal or pathologic, containing a serous fluid. [L.]
v. biliaris [TA] SYN: gallbladder.
v. fellea gallbladder.
v. prostatica SYN: prostatic utricle.
v. urinaria [TA] SYN: urinary bladder.

vesical
vesical (ves′i-kal)

Relating to any bladder, but usually the urinary bladder.

vesicant
vesicant (ves′i-kant)

An agent that produces a vesicle.

vesicate
vesicate (ves′i-kat)

To form a vesicle.

vesication
vesication (ves-i-ka′shun)

SYN: vesiculation (1) .

vesicle
vesicle (ves′i-kl) [TA]

1. SYN: vesicula. 2. A small (<1.0 cm in diameter), circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid. SEE ALSO: bleb, blister, bulla. 3. A small sac containing liquid or gas. 4. A closed structure surrounded by a single membrane. [L. vesicula, a blister, dim. of vesica, bladder]
acoustic v. SYN: otic v..
acrosomal v. a v. derived from the Golgi apparatus during spermiogenesis whose limiting membrane adheres to the nuclear envelope; together with the acrosomal granule within, it spreads in a thin layer over the pole of the nucleus to form the acrosomal cap.
air vesicles SYN: pulmonary alveolus.
allantoic v. the hollow portion of the allantois.
amniocardiac v. the rostral portion of the most primitive intraembryonic celom.
auditory v. SYN: otic v..
blastodermic v. SYN: blastocyst.
cerebral v. each of the three divisions of the early embryonic brain (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon). SYN: encephalic v., primary brain v..
cervical v. an abnormally persisting vestige of the cervical sinus or its associated branchial grooves.
coated v. a v. that has its biomembrane coated with the protein clathrin. It is involved in the transport of proteins from one membrane site to another.
encephalic v. SYN: cerebral v..
forebrain v. prosencephalon.
germinal v. archaic term for the nucleus of the ovum.
hindbrain v. rhombencephalon.
lens v. in the embryo, the ectodermal invagination that forms opposite the optic cup; it is the primordium of the lens of the eye. SYN: lenticular v..
lenticular v. SYN: lens v..
malpighian vesicles the minute air-filled vesicles on the surface of an expanded lung.
matrix vesicles hydroxyapatite-containing, membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by odontoblasts and some chondrocytes; believed to serve as nucleation centers for the mineralization process in dentin and calcified cartilage.
midbrain v. mesencephalon.
ocular v. SYN: optic v..
ophthalmic v. SYN: optic v..
optic v. in the embryo, one of the paired evaginations from the ventrolateral walls of the forebrain from which the sensory and pigment layers of the retina develop. SYN: ocular v., ophthalmic v., vesicula ophthalmica.
otic v. one of the paired sacs of invaginated ectoderm that develop into the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. SYN: acoustic v., auditory v..
pinocytotic v. a v., a fraction of a micrometer in diameter, containing fluid or solute being ingested into a cell by endocytosis. SEE ALSO: pinocytosis.
primary brain v. SYN: cerebral v..
seminal v. seminal gland.
synaptic vesicles the small (average diameter 30 nm), intracellular, membrane-bound vesicles near the presynaptic membrane of a synaptic junction, containing the transmitter substance which, in chemical synapses, mediates the passage of nerve impulses across the junction. SEE ALSO: synapse.
telencephalic v. paired diverticula arising from the prosencephalon, from which the forebrain develops.
umbilical v. SYN: yolk sac.

vesico- vesico-, vesic-

A vesica, vesicle. SEE ALSO: vesiculo-. [L. vesica, bladder]

vesicoabdominal
vesicoabdominal (ves′i-ko-ab-dom′i-nal)

Relating to the urinary bladder and the abdominal wall.

vesicobullous
vesicobullous (ves′i-ko-bul′us)

Denoting an eruption of variously sized lesions containing fluid.

vesicocele
vesicocele (ves′i-ko-sel)

SYN: cystocele.

vesicocervical
vesicocervical (ves′i-ko-ser′vi-kal)

Relating to the urinary bladder and the cervix of the uterus.

vesicoclysis
vesicoclysis (ves′i-kok′li-sis)

Washing out, or lavage, of the urinary bladder. [vesico- + G. klysis, a washing out]

vesicointestinal
vesicointestinal (ves′i-ko-in-tes′ti-nal)

Relating to the urinary bladder and the intestine; e.g., v. fistula.

vesicolithiasis
vesicolithiasis (ves′i-ko-li-thi′a-sis)

SYN: cystolithiasis. [vesico- + G. lithos, stone, + -iasis, condition]

vesicoprostatic
vesicoprostatic (ves′i-ko-pros-tat′ik)

Relating to the bladder and the prostate gland.

vesicopubic
vesicopubic (ves′i-ko-pu′bik)

Relating to the bladder and the os pubis.

vesicopustular
vesicopustular (ves′i-ko-pus′tu-lar)

Pertaining to a vesicopustule.

vesicopustule
vesicopustule (ves′i-ko-pus′tul)

A vesicle which is developing pus formation.

vesicorectal
vesicorectal (ves′i-ko-rek′tal)

Relating to the bladder and the rectum.

vesicorectostomy
vesicorectostomy (ves′i-ko-rek-tos′to-me)

Surgical urinary tract diversion by anastomosis of the posterior bladder wall to the rectum. [vesico- + rectum + G. stoma, mouth]

vesicosigmoid
vesicosigmoid (ves′i-ko-sig′moyd)

Relating to the bladder and the sigmoid colon.

vesicosigmoidostomy
vesicosigmoidostomy (ves′i-ko-sig-moy-dos′to-me)

Operative formation of a communication between the bladder and the sigmoid colon. [vesico- + sigmoid + G. stoma, mouth]

vesicospinal
vesicospinal (ves′i-ko-spi′nal)

Relating to the urinary bladder and the spinal cord; denoting the neural mechanisms that control retention and evacuation of urine by the bladder, located in the second lumbar and second sacral segment, respectively, of the spinal cord.

vesicostomy
vesicostomy (ves′i-kos′to-me)

SYN: cystostomy. [vesico- + G. stoma, mouth]

vesicotomy
vesicotomy (ves′i-kot′o-me)

SYN: cystotomy.

vesicoumbilical
vesicoumbilical (ves′i-ko-um-bil′i-kal)

Relating to the urinary bladder and the umbilicus. SYN: omphalovesical.

vesicoureteral
vesicoureteral (ves′i-ko-u-re′ter-al)

Relating to the bladder and the ureters.

vesicourethral
vesicourethral (ves′i-ko-u-re′thral)

Relating to the bladder and the urethra.

vesicouterine
vesicouterine (ves′i-ko-u′ter-in)

Relating to the bladder and the uterus.

vesicouterovaginal
vesicouterovaginal (ves′i-ko-u′ter-o-vaj′i-nal)

Relating to the bladder, uterus, and vagina.

vesicovaginal
vesicovaginal (ves-i-ko-vaj′i-nal)

Relating to the bladder and vagina.

vesicovaginorectal
vesicovaginorectal (ves′i-ko-vaj′i-no-rek′tal)

Relating to the bladder, vagina, and rectum.

vesicovisceral
vesicovisceral (ves′i-ko-vis′er-al)

Relating to the urinary bladder and any other adjacent organ or viscus.

vesicula
vesicula, gen. and pl. vesiculae (ve-sik′u-la, -le)

A small bladder or bladder-like structure. SYN: vesicle (1) [TA] . [L. blister, vesicle, dim. of vesica, bladder]
v. fellis SYN: gallbladder.
v. ophthalmica SYN: optic vesicle.
v. seminalis seminal gland.
v. umbilicalis SYN: yolk sac.

vesicular
vesicular (ve-sik′u-lar)

1. Relating to a vesicle. 2. Characterized by or containing vesicles. SYN: vesiculate (2) .

vesiculate
vesiculate (ve-sik′u-lat)

1. To become vesicular. 2. SYN: vesicular (2) .

vesiculation
vesiculation (ve-sik′u-la′shun)

1. The formation of vesicles. SYN: blistering, vesication. 2. Presence of a number of vesicles.

vesiculectomy
vesiculectomy (ve-sik′u-lek′to-me)

Resection of a portion or all of each of the seminal vesicles. [L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. ektome, excision]

vesiculitis
vesiculitis (ve-sik-u-li′tis)

Inflammation of any vesicle; especially of a seminal vesicle. [L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. -itis, inflammation]

vesiculo- vesiculo-

A vesicle. [L. vesicula, vesicle, dim. of vesica, bladder]

vesiculobronchial
vesiculobronchial (ve-sik′u-lo-brong′ke-al)

Denoting an auscultatory sound having both a vesicular and a bronchial quality.

vesiculocavernous
vesiculocavernous (ve-sik′u-lo-kav′er-nus)

Both vesicular and cavernous; denoting: 1. An auscultatory sound having both a vesicular and a cavernous quality; 2. The structure of certain neoplasms.

vesiculography
vesiculography (ve-sik-u-log′ra-fi)

Radiographic contrast study of the seminal vesicles. [vesiculo- + G. grapho, to write]

vesiculopapular
vesiculopapular (ve-sik′u-lo-pap′u-lar)

Pertaining to or consisting of a combination of vesicles and papules, or of papules becoming increasingly edematous with sufficient collection of fluid to form vesicles.

vesiculoprostatitis
vesiculoprostatitis (ve-sik′u-lo-pros′ta-ti′tis)

Inflammation of the bladder and prostate. [vesiculo- + prostate + G. -itis, inflammation]

vesiculotomy
vesiculotomy (ve-sik-u-lot′o-me)

Surgical incision of the seminal vesicles. [vesiculo- + G. tome, incision]

vesiculotubular
vesiculotubular (ve-sik′u-lo-too′bu-ler)

Denoting an auscultatory sound having both a vesicular and a tubular quality.

vesiculotympanic
vesiculotympanic (ve-sik′u-lo-tim-pan′ik)

Denoting a percussion sound having both a vesicular and a tympanic quality.

Vesiculovirus
Vesiculovirus (ve-sik′u-lo-vi′rus)

A genus of viruses (family Rhabdoviridae) that includes the vesicular stomatitis virus (of cattle) and related viruses.

vesp.
vesp. (ves′per)

Abbreviation for L. vesper, evening. [L. evening]

vessel
vessel (ves′el) [TA]

A structure conveying or containing a fluid, especially a liquid. SEE ALSO: vas. [O. Fr. fr. L. vascellum, dim. of vas]
absorbent vessels SYN: lymph vessels.
afferent v. 1. any artery conveying blood to a part; 2. SYN: afferent glomerular arteriole. 3. SYN: afferent lymphatic.
anastomosing v. SYN: anastomotic v..
anastomotic v. [TA] a v. that establishes a connection between arteries, between veins, or between lymph vessels. SYN: vas anastomoticum [TA] , anastomosing v..
blood v. blood v..
capillary v. SYN: capillary (2) . See blood capillary, lymph capillary.
chyle v. SYN: lacteal (2) .
collateral v. 1. a branch of an artery running parallel with the parent trunk; 2. a v. that runs in parallel with another v., nerve, or other long structure. SYN: vas collaterale.
corkscrew vessels SYN: hairpin vessels.
deep lymph v. [TA] one of the vessels that drain lymph from the deep structures of the body; they tend to follow the courses of blood vessels to reach regional lymph nodes. SYN: vas lymphaticum profundum [TA] .
efferent v. SYN: efferent glomerular arteriole.
hairpin vessels atypical blood vessels that double back on themselves, seen on colposcopy of the cervix; their presence indicates early invasive cervical cancer. SYN: corkscrew vessels.
vessels of internal ear [TA] blood vessels of the internal ear, consisting of the labyrinthine artery and its branches and the labyrinthine veins and their tributaries. SYN: vasa sanguinea auris internae [TA] .
lacteal v. SYN: lacteal (2) .
lymph vessels [TA] the vessels that convey the lymph; they anastomose freely with each other. SYN: lymphatic vessels [TA] , absorbent vessels, lymphatics, vasa lymphatica.
lymphatic vessels [TA] SYN: lymph vessels.
nutrient v. SYN: nutrient artery.
superficial lymph v. [TA] one of the lymphatic vessels that lie in the skin and subcutaneous tissues; they join the deep lymphatic vessels. SYN: vas lymphaticum superficiale [TA] .
vessels of vessels SYN: vasa vasorum, under vas.
vitelline vessels See vitelline artery, vitelline vein.

vestibula
vestibula (ves-tib′u-la)

Plural of vestibulum.

vestibular
vestibular (ves-tib′u-lar)

Relating to a vestibule, especially the vestibule of the ear. SYN: vestibularis.

vestibularis
vestibularis (ves-tib-u-la′ris)

SYN: vestibular, vestibular. [L.]

vestibulate
vestibulate (ves-tib′u-lat)

Possessing a vestibule.

vestibule
vestibule (ves′ti-bool) [TA]

1. A small cavity or a space at the entrance of a canal. 2. Specifically, the central, somewhat ovoid, cavity of the osseous labyrinth communicating with the semicircular canals posteriorly and the cochlea anteriorly. SYN: vestibulum [TA] . [L. vestibulum]
aortic v. [TA] the anterosuperior portion of the left ventricle of the heart immediately below the aortic orifice, having fibrous walls and affording room for the segments of the closed aortic valve. SYN: vestibulum aortae [TA] , Sibson aortic v..
buccal v. that part of the oral v. related to the cheek.
esophagogastric v. SYN: gastroesophageal v..
gastroesophageal v. the dilated aboral portion of the esophagus, just above the cardiac orifice; usually it corresponds to the lumen of abdominal part of the esophagus although its relation to the diaphragm is variable. SYN: esophagogastric v..
labial v. that part of the oval v. related to the lips.
v. of larynx [TA] the upper part of the laryngeal cavity from the superior aperture to the vestibular folds or rima vestibuli, bounded anteriorly by the epiglottis, laterally by the mucosa overlying the quadrangular membranes and posteriorly by the mucosa overlying the arytenoid cartilages and arytenoideus muscle. SYN: vestibulum laryngis [TA] , atrium glottidis, superior laryngeal cavity.
v. of mouth SYN: oral v..
nasal v. [TA] the anterior part of the nasal cavity, especially that enclosed by cartilage. SYN: vestibulum nasi [TA] , v. of nose.
v. of nose SYN: nasal v..
v. of omental bursa [TA] the upper part of the bursa omentalis, just within the epiploic foramen (of Winslow), behind the caudate lobe of the liver. SYN: vestibulum bursae omentalis [TA] .
oral v. [TA] that part of the mouth bounded anteriorly and laterally by the lips and the cheeks, posteriorly and medially by the teeth and/or gums, and above and below by the reflections of the mucosa from the lips and cheeks to the gums. SYN: vestibulum oris [TA] , buccal cavity, v. of mouth.
Sibson aortic v. SYN: aortic v..
v. of vagina [TA] the space posterior to the glans clitoridis and between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands. SYN: vestibulum vaginae [TA] , vaginal introitus, vestibulum pudendi.

vestibulitis
vestibulitis

An inflammation of the vulvar vestibule and the periglandular and subepithelial stroma characterized by a burning sensation and painful coitus.

vestibulo- vestibulo-

Vestibule, vestibulum. [L. vestibulum]

vestibulocerebellum
vestibulocerebellum (ves-tib′u-lo-ser-e-bel′um) [TA]

Those regions of the cerebellar cortex whose predominant afferent fibers arise from the ganglion vestibulare and the vestibular nuclei; structures included under this term are nodulus, flocculus, ventral parts of the uvula and small ventral parts of the lingula. SYN: archeocerebellum. [vestibulo- + L. cerebellum]

vestibulocochlear
vestibulocochlear (ves-tib′u-lo-kok′le-ar)

1. Relating to the vestibulum and cochlea of the ear. 2. SYN: statoacoustic.

vestibulopathy
vestibulopathy (ves-tib′u-lop′a-the)

Any abnormality of the vestibular apparatus, e.g., Ménière disease.
idiopathic bilateral v. slowly progressive disorder affecting young to middle-aged adults, manifested as gait unsteadiness (especially when visual cues are absent) and oscillopsia, unaccompanied by vertigo and hearing loss.
migraine-related v. a disorder characterized by movement-associated disequilibrium, unsteadiness, space and motion discomfort, and vertigo before onset of headache.

vestibuloplasty
vestibuloplasty (ves-tib′u-lo-plas-te)

Any of a series of surgical procedures designed to restore alveolar ridge height by lowering muscles attaching to the buccal, labial, and lingual aspects of the jaws. [vestibulo- + G. plasso, to form]

vestibulospinal
vestibulospinal (ves-tib′u-lo-spi′nal)

See lateral v. tract.

vestibulotomy
vestibulotomy (ves-tib′u-lot′o-me)

Operation for an opening into the vestibule of the labyrinth. [vestibulo- + G. tome, incision]

vestibulourethral
vestibulourethral (ves-tib′u-lo-oo-re′thral)

Relating to the vestibule of the vagina and urethra.

vestibulum
vestibulum, pl .vestibula (ves-tib′u-lum, -la) [TA]

SYN: vestibule. [L. antechamber, entrance court]
v. aortae [TA] SYN: aortic vestibule.
v. bursae omentalis [TA] SYN: vestibule of omental bursa.
v. laryngis [TA] SYN: vestibule of larynx.
v. nasi [TA] SYN: nasal vestibule.
v. oris [TA] SYN: oral vestibule.
v. pudendi SYN: vestibule of vagina.
v. vaginae [TA] SYN: vestibule of vagina.

vestige
vestige (ves′tij) [TA]

A trace or a rudimentary structure; the degenerated remains of any structure which occurs as an entity in the embryo or fetus. SYN: vestigium [TA] . [L. vestigium]
v. of ductus deferens [TA] remnant in a female of the portion of the embryonic mesonephric duct that develops into the ductus deferens in males.
v. of processus vaginalis [TA] incompletely obliterated remnants of the vaginal process of the peritoneum remaining in the spermatic cord. SYN: vestigium processus vaginalis [TA] , v. of vaginal process.
v. of vaginal process SYN: v. of processus vaginalis.

vestigial
vestigial (ves-tij′e-al)

Relating to a vestige.

vestigium
vestigium, pl .vestigia (ves-tij′e-um, -a) [TA]

SYN: vestige. [L. footprint (trace), fr. vestigo, to track, trace]
v. processus vaginalis [TA] SYN: vestige of processus vaginalis.

vesuvin
vesuvin (ve-soo′vin) [C.I. 21000]

SYN: Bismarck brown Y. [Vesuvius, volcano in Italy]

veterinarian
veterinarian (vet′e-rin-ar′e-an)

A person who holds an academic degree in veterinary medicine; a licensed practitioner of veterinary medicine. [see veterinary]

veterinary
veterinary (vet′e-rin-ar-e)

Relating to the diseases of animals. [L. veterinarius, fr. veterina, beast of burden]

via
via, pl .viae (vi′a, vi′e; ve′a)

Any passage in the body, as the intestine, the vagina, etc. [L. way, road]

viability
viability (vi-a-bil′i-te)

Capability of living; the state of being viable; usually connotes a fetus that has reached 500 g in weight and 20 gestational weeks. [Fr. viabilité fr. L. vita, life]

viable
viable (vi′a-bl)

Capable of living; denoting a fetus sufficiently developed to live outside of the uterus. [Fr. fr. vie, life, fr. L. vita]

vial
vial (vi′al)

A small bottle or receptacle for holding liquids, including medicines. SYN: phial. [G. phiale, a drinking cup]

vibesate
vibesate (vi′be-sat)

A mixture of polvinate and malrosinol in organic solvent and a propellant; a modified polyvinyl plastic used as a topical spray for wounds.

vibration
vibration (vi-bra′shun)

1. A shaking. 2. A to-and-fro movement, as in oscillation. [L. vibratio, fr. vibro, pp. -atus, to quiver, shake]

vibrative
vibrative (vi′bra-tiv)

SYN: vibratory.

vibrator
vibrator (vi′bra-ter, tor)

An instrument used for imparting vibrations.

vibratory
vibratory (vi′bra-tor-e)

Marked by vibrations. SYN: vibrative.

Vibrio
Vibrio (vib′re-o)

A genus of motile (occasionally nonmotile), nonsporeforming, aerobic to facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria (family Spirillaceae) containing short (0.5–3.0 μm), curved or straight rods which occur singly or which are occasionally united into S-shapes or spirals. Motile cells contain a single polar flagellum; in some species, two or more flagella occur in one polar tuft. Some of these organisms are saprophytes in salt and fresh water and in soil; others are parasites or pathogens. The type species is V. cholerae. [L. vibro, to vibrate]
V. alginolyticus a bacterial species associated with wound and ear infections, and with bacteremia in immunocompromised and in burn patients.
V. cholerae a bacterial species that produces a soluble exotoxin and is the cause of cholera in humans; it is the type species of the genus V.. SYN: cholera bacillus, comma bacillus.
V. fetus former name for Campylobacter fetus.
V. fluvialis a bacterial species similar to strains of Aeromonas, associated with diarrheal disease in humans.
V. furnissii an aerogenic strain of bacteria, similar to V. fluvialis, associated with diarrheal disease and outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
V. hollisae a bacterial species that can cause dysentery in humans.
V. metschnikovii a bacterial species causing acute enteric disease in chickens and other avian species; also isolated from human stool.
V. mimicus a sucrose-negative bacterial strain, similar to V. cholerae, isolated from human stool in diarrheal disease and from human ear infections.
V. parahaemolyticus a marine bacterial species that causes gastroenteritis and bloody diarrhea, usually from eating contaminated shellfish.
V. sputorum former name for Campylobacter sputorum.
V. vulnificus a species capable of causing gastroenteritis and cutaneous lesions that may result in fatal septicemia, especially in a cirrhotic or immunocompromised patient; usually contracted from contaminated oysters; also a cause of wound infections, especially those associated with handling of shellfish.

vibrio
vibrio (vib′re-o)

A member of the genus V..
El Tor v. a bacterium regarded as a biovar of V. cholerae. It was originally isolated from six pilgrims who died of dysentery or gangrene of the colon at the Tor quarantine station on the Sinai Peninsula.
Nasik v. an organism differing from the cholera v., being shorter and stouter and less comma shaped; its cultures are very toxic to laboratory animals on intravenous injections.

Vibrion septique
Vibrion septique (ve-bre-on′ sep-tek′)

SYN: Clostridium septicum. [Fr. septic vibrio]

vibriosis
vibriosis, pl .vibrioses (vib-re-o′sis)

Infection caused by species of bacteria of the genus Vibrio.

vibrissa
vibrissa, gen. and pl. vibrissae (vi-bris′a, vi-bris′e) [TA]

SYN: hairs of vestibule of nose, under hair. [L. found only in pl. vibrissae, fr. vibro, to quiver]

vibrissal
vibrissal (vib-ris′al)

Relating to the vibrissae.

vibrocardiogram
vibrocardiogram (vi′bro-kar′de-o-gram)

A graphic record of chest vibrations produced by hemodynamic events of the cardiac cycle; the record provides an indirect, externally recorded measurement of isovolumic contraction and ejection times. [L. vibro, to shake, + G. kardia, heart, + gramma, a drawing]

vibromasseur
vibromasseur (vi′bro-ma-ser′)

A type of vibrator for giving vibratory massage.

vibrotherapeutics
vibrotherapeutics (vi′bro-thar-a-pu′tiks)

SYN: vibratory massage.

Viburnum prunifolium
Viburnum prunifolium (vii-bur′num proo-′ni-fo′le-um)

A medication derived from the root bark of V. (family Caprifoliaceae); contains viburnin; bitter resin; tannin; sugar; citric, malic, oxalic and valeric acids. Formerly used as a smooth muscle relaxant/antispasmodic (uterine).

vicarious
vicarious (vi-ker′e-us)

Acting as a substitute; occurring in an abnormal situation. [L. vicarius, from vicis, supplying place of]

vicine
vicine (vi′sen)

A glucoside occurring in akta, a weed that contaminates Lathyrus sativus, and in the common vetch (Vicia sativa), a plant whose fruit is substituted for red lentils; thought by some to be responsible for the symptoms of lathyrism. [Vicia (genus name) + -ine]

Vicq d'Azyr
Vicq d'Azyr

Félix, French anatomist, 1748–1794. See V. bundle, V. centrum semiovale, V. foramen.

Victoria blue
Victoria blue

Any of several blue diphenylnaphthylmethane derivatives; used as a stain in histology. [Queen Victoria]

Victoria orange
Victoria orange

An alkaline salt of dinitrocresol; a reddish yellow stain formerly used in histology.

vidarabine
vidarabine (vi-der′a-ben)

A purine nucleoside obtained from fermentation cultures of Streptomyces antibioticus and used to treat herpes simplex infections.

videoendoscope
videoendoscope (vid′e-o-end′o-skop)

An endoscope fitted with a video camera.

videoendoscopy
videoendoscopy (vid′e-o-en-dos′ka-py)

Endoscopy performed with an endoscope fitted with a video camera.

videokeratoscope
videokeratoscope (vid′e-o-ker′ah-to-skop)

A keratoscope fitted with a video camera.

vidian vidian (vid′e-an)

Named after or described by Vidius.

Vidius
Vidius, Vidus

Guidi (Guido), Italian anatomist and physician, 1500–1569. See vidian artery, vidian canal, vidian nerve, vidian vein.

Vierra
Vierra

J.P., 20th century Brazilian dermatologist. See V. sign.

Vieussens
Vieussens

Raymond de, French anatomist, 1641–1715. See V. anulus, V. ansa, V. centrum, V. foramina, under foramen, V. ganglia, under ganglion, V. isthmus, V. limbus, V. loop, V. ring, valve of V., V. valve, V. veins, under vein, V. ventricle.

view
view (vu)

SYN: projection.
axial v. SYN: axial projection.
base v. SYN: submentovertex radiograph.
Caldwell v. SYN: Caldwell projection.
half axial v. SYN: Towne projection.
Judet v. v. consisting of two oblique radiographic projections centered on the hip in question, tilted 45° medially or laterally from a true anteroposterior direction; useful for fractures or deformities of the acetabulum.
long axis v. in echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging of the heart, a projection parallel to the ventricular axis and perpendicular to the interventricular septum of the heart; four-chamber v..
Stenvers v. SYN: Stenvers projection.
Towne v. SYN: Towne projection.
verticosubmental v. SYN: axial projection.
Waters v. SYN: Waters projection.

vigabatrin
vigabatrin (vi-ga′ba-trin)

An irreversible inhibitor of γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase, a degradative enzyme for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the inhibitory neurotransmitter. The drug intensifies the effects of GABA and thus inhibition of the central nervous system; used as an antiepileptic agent.

vigil
vigil (vij′il)

A state of wakefulness or sleeplessness. [L. vigilia, wakefulness, alertness, fr. vigeo, to be active, to rouse]
coma v. SYN: akinetic mutism.

vigilambulism
vigilambulism (vij-i-lam′bu-lizm)

An older term for a condition of unconsciously regarding one's surroundings, with automatism; resembling somnambulism but occurring in the waking state. [L. vigil, awake, alert, + ambulo, to walk about]

vigilance
vigilance (vij′i-lans)

An attentiveness, alertness, or watchfulness for whatever may occur. [L. vigilantia, wakefulness]

villi
villi (vil′i)

Plural of villus.

villin
villin (vil′in)

An actin-binding protein that, at low calcium ion concentrations, nucleates polymerization of actin filaments; micromolar Ca²⁺ causes v. to sever actin filaments into short fragments.

villitis
villitis

SYN: villositis.

villose
villose (vil′os)

SYN: villous (2) .

villositis
villositis (vil-o-si′tis)

Inflammation of the chorionic villi surface of the placenta. SYN: villitis. [villous + G. -itis inflammation]

villosity
villosity (vi-los′i-te)

Shagginess; an aggregation of villi.

villous
villous (vil′us)

1. Relating to villi. 2. Shaggy; covered with villi. SYN: villose.

villus
villus, pl .villi (vil′us, vil′i)

1. A projection from the surface, especially of a mucous membrane. If the projection is minute, as from a cell surface, it is termed a microvillus. 2. An elongated dermal papilla projecting into an intraepidermal vesicle or cleft. See festooning. [L. shaggy hair (of beasts)]
anchoring v. a chorionic v. that is attached to the decidua basalis.
arachnoid villi tufted prolongations of pia-arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura mater and have a thin limiting membrane; collections of arachnoid v. form arachnoid granulations that lie in venous lacunae at the margin of the superior sagittal sinus; the spongy tissue of the a. v. contains tubules that serve as one-way valves for transfer of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space to the venous system. Both a. v. and the granulations formed from them are major sites of fluid transfer. SEE ALSO: arachnoid granulations, under granulation.
chorionic villi vascular processes of the chorion of the embryo entering into the formation of the placenta.
floating v. SYN: free v..
free v. a chorionic v. that is not attached to the decidua basalis, but is “free” in the maternal blood of the intervillous spaces. SYN: floating v..
intestinal villi [TA] projections (0.5–1.5 mm in length) of the mucous membrane of the small intestine; they are leaf-shaped in the duodenum and become shorter, more finger-shaped, and sparser in the ileum. SYN: villi intestinales [TA] .
villi intestinales [TA] SYN: intestinal villi.
villi pericardiaci [TA] SYN: pericardial villi.
pericardial villi [TA] minute filiform projections (synovial villi) from the surface of the serous pericardium. SYN: villi pericardiaci [TA] .
peritoneal villi [TA] synovial villi on the surface of the peritoneum. SYN: villi peritoneales [TA] .
villi peritoneales [TA] SYN: peritoneal villi.
pleural villi [TA] shaggy appendages (synovial villi) on the pleura in the neighborhood of the costomediastinal sinus. SYN: villi pleurales [TA] .
villi pleurales [TA] SYN: pleural villi.
primary v. the first stage of chorionic v. development, with columns of cytotrophoblastic cells covered by syncytiotrophoblast.
secondary v. an intermediate stage of chorionic v. development following invasion by a connective tissue core.
synovial villi [TA] small vascular processes given off from a synovial membrane. SYN: villi synoviales [TA] , synovial fringe, synovial tufts.
villi synoviales [TA] SYN: synovial villi.
tertiary v. the definitive chorionic v. with a vascular core separated from maternal blood by connective tissue, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast.

vimentin
vimentin (vi-men′tin)

The major polypeptide that copolymerizes with other subunits to form the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of mesenchymal cells; they may have a role in maintaining the internal organization of certain cells. SEE ALSO: desmin.

vinblastine sulfate
vinblastine sulfate (vin-blas′ten)

A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea. It arrests mitosis in metaphase (although vincristine is more active in this respect) and exhibits greater antimetabolic activity than does vincristine; used in the treatment of Hodgkin disease, choriocarcinoma, acute and chronic leukemias, and other neoplastic diseases; blocks microtubule assembly. SYN: vincaleucoblastine.

vincaleucoblastine
vincaleucoblastine (ving′ka-loo-ko-blas′ten)

SYN: vinblastine sulfate.

Vinca rosea
Vinca rosea (ving′ka ro′ze-a)

A species of myrtle (family Myrtaceae) used in various parts of the world as a home remedy; two active dimeric alkaloids obtained from this plant are vinblastine and vincristine. SYN: periwinkle.

Vincent
Vincent

Henri, French physician, 1862–1950. See V. angina, V. bacillus, V. disease, V. infection, V. spirillum, V. tonsillitis.

vincristine sulfate
vincristine sulfate (vin-kris′ten)

A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea; its antineoplastic activity is similar to that of vinblastine, but no cross-resistance develops between these two agents, and it is more useful than vinblastine in lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and acute leukemia. SYN: leurocristine.

vinculin
vinculin (ving′koo-lin)

A protein associated with actin microfilaments; found in intercalated discs of cardiac muscle and focal adhesion plaques; may have a role in how a tumor virus causes pleiotropic effects of transformation. [L. vinculum, bond, fr. vincio, to bind + -in]

vinculum
vinculum, pl .vincula (ving′koo-lum, -la) [TA]

A frenum, frenulum, or ligament. [L. a fetter, fr. vincio, to bind]
v. breve digitorum manus [TA] SYN: v. breve of fingers. SEE ALSO: vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot.
v. breve of fingers [TA] a triangular band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the capsule of the nearby interphalangeal joint and to the phalanx proximal to the insertion of the tendon. SYN: v. breve digitorum manus [TA] , short v..
v. linguae SYN: frenulum of tongue.
vincula lingulae cerebelli small lateral prolongations of the lingula of the vermis of the cerebellum resting on the dorsal surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle.
long v. SYN: v. longum of fingers.
v. longum digitorum manus [TA] SYN: v. longum of fingers. SEE ALSO: vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot.
v. longum of fingers [TA] a long, threadlike band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the proximal phalanx. SYN: v. longum digitorum manus [TA] , long v..
v. preputii SYN: frenulum of prepuce.
short v. SYN: v. breve of fingers.
vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot [TA] fibrous bands that extend from the flexor tendons of the fingers and toes to the capsules of the interphalangeal joints and to the phalanges; they convey small vessels to the tendons. SYN: synovial frena, synovial frenula, vincula of tendons, vincula tendinum digitorum manus et pedis.
vincula tendinum digitorum manus et pedis SYN: vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot. SEE ALSO: v. breve of fingers, v. longum of fingers.
vincula of tendons SYN: vincula tendinea of digits of hand and foot.

vindesine
vindesine (vin′de-sen)

Synthetic derivative of vinblastine which shares antineoplastic properties with the latter agent. Used in the treatment of childhood lymphocytic leukemia.

Vineberg
Vineberg

Arthur M., Canadian thoracic surgeon, 1903–1988. See V. procedure.

vinegar
vinegar (vin′e-gar)

Impure dilute acetic acid, made from wine, cider, malt, etc. SYN: acetum. [Fr. vinaigre, fr. vin, wine, + aigre, sour]
mother of v. in v., the fungus of acetous fermentation appearing as a stringy sediment. [A.S. modder, mud]
pyroligneous v. SYN: wood v..
wood v. impure acetic acid produced by the destructive distillation of pine tar and wood. SYN: pyroligneous v..

vinic
vinic (vi′nik)

Relating to or derived from wine. [L. vinum, wine]

vinous
vinous (vi′nus)

Relating to, containing, or of the nature of wine.

Vinson
Vinson

Porter P., U.S. surgeon, 1890–1959. See Plummer-V. syndrome.

vinyl
vinyl (vi′nil)

The hydrocarbon radical, CH₂&dbond;CH–. SYN: ethenyl.
v. carbinol SYN: allyl alcohol.
v. chloride a substance used in the plastics industry and suspected of being a potent carcinogen in humans. SYN: chloroethylene.

vinylbenzene
vinylbenzene (vi′nil-ben′zen)

SYN: styrene.

vinylene
vinylene (vi′nil-en)

The bivalent radical, –CH&dbond;CH–. SYN: ethenylene.

vinylidene
vinylidene (vi-nil′i-den)

The bivalent radical, H₂C&dbond;C&dbond;.

violaceous
violaceous (vi-o-la′shus)

Denoting a purple discoloration, usually of the skin. [L. viola, violet]

violet
violet (vi′o-let)

The color evoked by wavelengths of the visible spectrum shorter than 450 nm. For individual v. dyes, see the specific name. [L. viola]
Hoffman v. dahlia.
visual v. SYN: iodopsin.

viomycin
viomycin (vi-o-mi′sin)

An antibiotic agent obtained from Streptomyces puniceus var. floridae; active against acid-fast bacteria, including strains of tubercle bacilli resistant to streptomycin; may produce vestibular damage and deafness.

viosterol
viosterol (vi-os′ter-ol)

SYN: ergocalciferol.

VIP
VIP

Abbreviation for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

viper
viper (vi′per)

A member of the snake family Viperidae. [L. vipera, serpent, snake]
Russell's v. characteristically marked, highly venomous snake (Vipera russellii) of southeastern Asia. The venom is coagulant in action and is used locally in a 1:10,000 solution for the arrest of hemorrhage in hemophilia.

Viperidae
Viperidae (vi-per′i-de)

A family of poisonous Old World snakes, the true vipers, composed of about 50 species and characterized by two relatively long caniculated fangs at the front of the upper jaw which are attached to movable bones, allowing them to be erect during the bite when the mouth is open, and folded into a palate skin fold when the jaws are shut. [L. vipera, viper]

VIPoma
VIPoma (vi-po′ma)

An endocrine tumor, usually originating in the pancreas, which produces a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide believed to cause profound cardiovascular and electrolyte changes with vasodilatory hypotension, watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and dehydration. [vasoactive intestinal polypeptide + G. -oma, tumor]

Vipond
Vipond

French physician. See V. sign.

viprynium embonate
viprynium embonate (vip-rin′e-um em′bo-nat)

SYN: pyrvinium pamoate.

viraginity
viraginity (vir′a-jin′i-te)

A rarely used term for the presence of pronounced masculine psychologic qualities in a woman. [L. virago (viragin-), a female warrior]

viral
viral (vi′ral)

Of, pertaining to, or caused by a virus.

Virchow
Virchow

Rudolf L.K., German pathologist and politician, 1821–1902. See V. angle, V. cells, under cell, V. corpuscles, under corpuscle, V. crystals, under crystal, V. disease, V. node, V. psammoma, V.-Holder angle, V.-Hassall bodies, under body, V.-Robin space.

viremia
viremia (vi-re′me-a)

The presence of a virus in the bloodstream. [virus + G. haima, blood]

vires
vires (vi′rez)

Plural of vis.

virga
virga (vir′ga)

SYN: penis. [L. a rod]

virgin
virgin (ver′jin)

1. A person who has never had sexual intercourse. 2. Unused; uncontaminated. SYN: virginal (2) . [L. virgo (v.-), maiden]

virginal
virginal (ver′ji-nal)

1. Relating to a virgin. 2. SYN: virgin (2) . [L. virginalis]

virginity
virginity (ver-jin′i-te)

The virgin state. [L. virginitas]

virgophrenia
virgophrenia (ver-go-fre′ne-a)

A rarely used term for the receptive, capacious, and retentive mind of youth. [L. virgo, maiden, + G. phren, mind]

viricidal
viricidal (vi-ri-si′da)

SYN: virucidal.

viricide
viricide (vi′ri-sid)

SYN: virucide.

-viridae -viridae

A virus family. [L. virus, venom]

virile
virile (vir′il)

1. Relating to the male sex. 2. Manly, strong, masculine. 3. Possessing masculine traits. [L. virilis, masculine, fr. vir, a man]

virilescence
virilescence (vir-i-les′ens)

A rarely used term for the assumption of male characteristics by the female.

virilia
virilia (vi-ril′e-a)

The male sexual organs. [L. ntr. pl. of virilis, virile]

virilism
virilism (vir′i-lizm)

Possession of mature masculine somatic characteristics by a girl, woman, or prepubescent male; may be present at birth or may appear later, depending on its cause; may be relatively mild (e.g., hirsutism) or severe and is commonly the result of gonadal or adrenocortical dysfunction, or of androgenic therapy. [L. virilis, masculine]
adrenal v. v. produced by excessive or abnormal secretory patterns of adrenocortical steroids. SYN: adrenal virilizing syndrome.

virility
virility (vi-ril′i-te)

The condition or quality of being virile. [L. virilitas, manhood, fr. vir, man]

virilization
virilization (vir′i-li-za′shun)

Production or acquisition of virilism.

virilizing
virilizing (vir′i-liz-ing)

Causing virilism.

-virinae -virinae

A subfamily of viruses.

virion
virion (vi′re-on, vir′e-on)

The complete virus particle that is structurally intact and infectious.

viripotent
viripotent (vir-i-po′tent, vi-rip′o-tent)

Obsolete term denoting a sexually mature male. [L. viripotens, fr. vir, man, + potens, having power]

viroid
viroid (vi′royd)

An infectious pathogen of plants that is smaller than a virus (MW 75,000–100,000) and differs from one in that it consists only of single-stranded closed circular RNA, lacking a protein covering (capsid); replication does not depend on a helper virus, but is mediated by host cell enzymes. [virus + G. eidos, resemblance]

virologist
virologist (vi-rol′o-jist)

A specialist in virology.

virology
virology (vi-rol′o-je, vi-)

The study of viruses and of viral disease. [virus + G. logos, study]

viropexis
viropexis (vi-ro-pek′sis)

Binding of virus to a cell and subsequent absorption (engulfment) of virus particles by that cell. [viro- + G. pexis, fixation]

virucidal
virucidal (vi-ru-si′dal)

Destructive to a virus. SYN: viricidal.

virucide
virucide (vi-ru-sid)

An agent active against virus infections. SYN: viricide. [virus + L. caedo, to kill]

virucopria
virucopria (vi-ru-ko′pre-a)

Presence of virus in feces. [virus + G. kopros, feces]

virulence
virulence (vir′oo-lens)

The disease-evoking severity of a pathogen; numerically expressed as the ratio of the number of cases of overt infection to the total number infected, as determined by immunoassay. [L. virulentia, fr. virulentus, poisonous]

virulent
virulent (vir′oo-lent)

Extremely toxic, denoting a markedly pathogenic microorganism. [L. virulentus, poisonous]

viruliferous
viruliferous (vi-ru-lif′er-us)

Conveying virus.

viruria
viruria (vi-roo′re-a)

Presence of viruses in the urine. [virus + G. ouron, urine]

virus
virus, pl .viruses (vi′rus)

1. Formerly, the specific agent of an infectious disease. 2. Specifically, a term for a group of infectious agents, which with few exceptions are capable of passing through fine filters that retain most bacteria, are usually not visible through the light microscope, lack independent metabolism, and are incapable of growth or reproduction apart from living cells. They have a prokaryotic genetic apparatus but differ sharply from bacteria in other respects. The complete particle usually contains either DNA or RNA, not both, and is usually covered by a protein shell or capsid that protects the nucleic acid. They range in size from 15 nanometers up to several hundred nanometers. Classification of viruses depends upon physiochemical characteristics of virions as well as upon mode of transmission, host range, symptomatology, and other factors. For viruses not listed below, see the specific name. SYN: filtrable v.. 3. Relating to or caused by a v., as a v. disease. 4. (Obsolete usage) Before the era of bacteriology, any agent causing disease, including a chemical substance such as an enzyme (“ferment”) similar to snake venom; synonymous at that time with “poison.” [L. poison]
Abelson murine leukemia v. a retrovirus belonging to the Type C retrovirus group subfamily (family Retroviridae) that is associated with leukemia and induces in vitro transformation of certain mouse cells.
adeno-associated v. (AAV) SYN: Dependovirus.
adenoidal-pharyngeal-conjunctival v. SYN: adenovirus.
adenosatellite v. SYN: Dependovirus.
AIDS-related v. obsolete term for human immunodeficiency v..
Akabane v. a v. of the genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, causing abortion in cattle and congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in bovine fetuses in Israel, Japan, and Australia; it is transmitted by mosquitoes.
amphotropic v. a v. usually associated with retroviruses that may not produce disease in its natural host but does replicate in tissue culture cells of host species as well as in cells from other species.
Andes v. a species of Hantavirus in Argentina causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
animal viruses viruses occurring in humans and other animals, either causing inapparent infection or producing disease.
A-P-C v. SYN: adenovirus.
Argentine hemorrhagic fever v. a member of the Arenaviridae.
attenuated v. a variant strain of a pathogenic v., so modified as to excite the production of protective antibodies, yet not producing the specific disease.
Aujeszky disease v. SYN: pseudorabies v..
Australian X disease v. SYN: Murray Valley encephalitis v..
avian encephalomyelitis v. a v. of the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) causing avian infectious encephalomyelitis in young chicks.
avian influenza v. a type A influenza v. (genus Influenza A v.) that causes fowl plague.
avian lymphomatosis v. SYN: avian neurolymphomatosis v..
avian neurolymphomatosis v. the herpesvirus that causes avian lymphomatosis (Marek disease); is distinct from those causing other forms of leukosis. SYN: avian lymphomatosis v., Marek disease v..
avian pneumoencephalitis v. SYN: Newcastle disease v..
avian viral arthritis v. a v. of the genus Reovirus, family Reoviridae, causing tenosynovitis and arthritis in chickens.
B v. SYN: cercopithecrine herpesvirus. SYN: monkey B v..
B19 v. a human parvovirus associated with arthritis and arthralgia and a number of specific clinical entities, including erythema infectiosum and aplastic crisis in the presence of hemolytic anemia.
bacterial v. a v. that “infects” bacteria; a bacteriophage.
Barmah Forest v. a species of Alphavirus that has caused outbreaks of polyarthritis in humans in Australia; transmitted by mosquitoes. [the v. was first isolated from mosquitoes collected at the Barmah Forest in southeastern Australia in 1974]
Bayou v. a species of Hantavirus in the U.S. causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; transmitted by the rice rat.
Bittner v. (bit′ner) SYN: mammary tumor v. of mice.
BK v. a human polyomavirus, in the family Papovaviridae, of worldwide distribution, that produces kidney infections that are usually subclinical in immunocompetent persons. [initials of patient from whom first isolated]
Black Creek Canal v. a species of Hantavirus in the U.S. causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; transmitted by the cotton rat. [Black Creek Canal in Florida where the cotton rats were captured from which the v. was first isolated]
bluetongue v. a v. of the genus Orbivirus, in the family Reoviridae; the agent of bluetongue in sheep.
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever v. a member of the Arenavirus group of single-stranded RNA viruses also known as Machupo v.; primary reservoir in rodents; produces multiple abnormalities in the coagulation system including widespread capillary leak syndrome, which can be fatal.
Borna disease v. an unclassified negative sense single-stranded RNA v. that is the cause of Borna disease, a serious disease of horses that involves infection of the central nervous system. SYN: enzootic encephalomyelitis v..
Bornholm disease v. SYN: epidemic pleurodynia v..
bovine leukemia v. (BLV) a BLV-HTLV retrovirus in the family Retroviridae, commonly infecting cattle, especially dairy cows; in a small proportion of infected cattle, it will cause enzootic bovine leukosis. SYN: bovine leukosis v..
bovine leukosis v. SYN: bovine leukemia v..
bovine papular stomatitis v. a poxvirus of the genus Parapoxvirus, reported from North America, Africa and Europe, causing bovine papular stomatitis.
bovine v. diarrhea v. a v. of the genus Pestivirus, in the family Flaviviridae, causing bovine v. diarrhea; New York, Oregon, and Indiana strains of the v. are recognized. SYN: mucosal disease v..
Bunyamwera v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, composed of over 150 v. types in the family Bunyaviridae. [Bunyamwera, Uganda, where first isolated]
Bwamba v. a species of Bunyavirus in the family Bunyaviridae; associated with cases of Bwamba fever in Uganda. [Bwamba, forest in Uganda where first isolated]
CA v. abbreviation for croup-associated v..
California v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising about 14 strains including La Crosse and Tahyna v., and the type strain, California v., which causes encephalitis, chiefly in the age group 4–14 years.
canine distemper v. an RNA v. of the genus Morbillivirus, a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, that causes canine distemper. SYN: dog distemper v..
Capim viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, the type species of which is Capim v..
Caraparu v. a species of C group Bunyavirus and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
Catu v. an arbovirus of the genus Bunyavirus, of the family Bunyaviridae; an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
CELO v. a v. in the Aviadenovirus genus and similar to quail bronchitis v.. SYN: chicken embryo lethal orphan v..
Central European tick-borne encephalitis v. one of the viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex of group B arboviruses (genus Flavivirus); the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype).
C group viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus (formerly called group C arboviruses), composed of about 14 species including Caraparu, Murutucu, and Oriboca v..
Chagres v. a v. in the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae, an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
chicken embryo lethal orphan v. SYN: CELO v..
chickenpox v. SYN: varicella-zoster v..
chikungunya v. a mosquito-transmitted arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) found in parts of Africa and in India, Thailand, and Malaysia; causes a febrile illness with joint pains. [named for the “bent up” position of persons so infected]
Coe v. obsolete name for the A-21 strain of coxsackievirus; the cause of a common-cold-like disease in military recruits.
cold v. SYN: common cold v..
Colorado tick fever v. a v. of the genus Coltivirus, from the family Reoviridae, found in the Rocky Mountain region of the U.S. and transmitted by the tick, Dermacentor andersoni; it causes Colorado tick fever.
Columbia S. K. v. a strain of encephalomyocarditis v..
common cold v. any of the numerous strains of v. etiologically associated with the common cold, chiefly the rhinoviruses, but also strains of adenovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, and parainfluenza v.. SYN: cold v..
contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) v. of sheep the poxvirus of the genus Parapoxvirus causing contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) of sheep. SYN: soremouth v..
contagious pustular stomatitis v. 1. SYN: horsepox v.. 2. SYN: orf v..
Côte-d'Ivoire v. a variant of Ebola v.. SYN: Ebola v. Côte-d'Ivoire.
cowpox v. a v. of the genus Orthopoxvirus that causes cowpox.
coxsackie v. coxsackievirus.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever v. a v. of the genus Nairovirus (family Bunyaviridae) from Africa and carried by ticks (Hyalomma and Amblyomma) and found in human blood; the cause of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
croup-associated v. (CA v.) parainfluenza v. types 1 and 2. See parainfluenza viruses.
cytopathogenic v. a v. whose multiplication leads to degenerative changes in the host cell. SEE ALSO: cytopathic effect.
defective v. a v. particle that contains insufficient nucleic acid to provide for production of all essential viral components; consequently, infectious v. is not produced except under certain conditions ( e.g., when the host cell is infected with a “helper” v. also).
delta v. SYN: hepatitis D v..
dengue v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus, about 50 nm in diameter; the etiologic agent of dengue in humans and also occurring in monkeys and chimpanzees, usually as inapparent infection; four serotypes are recognized; transmission is effected by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes.
distemper v. canine distemper v..
DNA v. a major group of animal viruses in which the core consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); it includes parvoviruses, papovaviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, poxviruses, and other unclassified DNA viruses. SYN: deoxyribovirus.
dog distemper v. SYN: canine distemper v..
duck hepatitis v. a DNA v. of the genus Hepadnavirus, in the family Hepadnaviridae, causing v. hepatitis of ducks.
duck influenza v. an influenza A v., a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, distinct from human influenza A strains on basis of hemagglutination inhibition.
duck plague v. a herpesvirus that causes duck plague.
Duvenhage v. a species of Lyssavirus causing a rabieslike disease in humans in Africa; transmitted by the bite of insectivorous bats. [the v. was named after its first victim, a man infected near Pretoria in South Africa]
eastern equine encephalomyelitis v. a v. of the genus Alphavirus (formerly group A arbovirus), in the family Togaviridae, occurring in the eastern U.S.; it is normally present in certain wild birds and small rodents as an inapparent infection, but is capable of causing eastern equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans following transfer by the bites of culicine mosquitoes. SYN: EEE v..
EB v. SYN: Epstein-Barr v..
Ebola v. a v. of the family Filoviridae, morphologically similar to but antigenically distinct from Marburg v.; the cause of Ebola fever (viral hemorrhagic fever). Transmission is parenteral, not oral, sexual, or by inhalation. After an incubation period of about 1 week, disease comes on acutely with fever, headache, vomiting and diarrhea, weakness, and a maculopapular rash. Gastrointestinal bleeding and other hemorrhagic manifestations, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, appear in a high percentage of cases and often prove fatal. The case fatality rate approximates 80%. Specific prevention and treatment are not available.Ebola v. made the headlines in 1995 when a sudden and devastating outbreak occurred in Kikwit, Zaire. In this cluster, which involved a number of health care workers, 315 persons became infected, of whom 243 (77%) died. Most cases in the Kikwit outbreak were blamed on the re-use, in clinics and hospitals, of unsterile medical and surgical equipment, contaminated with the blood, vomitus, stool, and urine of patients. In the following year, two large outbreaks occurred in Gabon. Serologic studies of patients in Gabon suggest that survival depends on early formation of IgG antibody directed against viral capsular protein. Despite sensational and exaggerated accounts by the news media, epidemics of Ebola v. disease and other viral hemorrhagic fevers do not occur when standard infection control measure are used. Further epidemics will occur in third-world countries as long as poverty and ignorance lead to unsound health care practices, but the disease poses no risk of epidemic spread in developed countries.
Ebola v. Côte-d'Ivoire SYN: Côte-d'Ivoire v..
Ebola v. Reston SYN: Reston v..
Ebola v. Sudan SYN: Sudan v..
Ebola v. Zaire SYN: Zaire v..
ECHO v. an enterovirus from a large group of unrelated viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, isolated from humans; while there are many inapparent infections, certain of the several serotypes are associated with fever and aseptic meningitis, and some appear to cause mild respiratory disease. SYN: echovirus, enteric cytopathogenic human orphan v..
ECMO v. simian picornavirus recovered from monkey kidney cells and stools. SYN: enteric cytopathogenic monkey orphan v..
ecotropic v. a retrovirus that does not produce disease in its natural host but does replicate in tissue culture cells derived from the host species.
ECSO v. a picornavirus isolated from outbreaks of enteritis in swine, but not known to be a natural pathogen. SYN: enteric cytopathogenic swine orphan v..
ectromelia v. SYN: infectious ectromelia v..
EEE v. SYN: eastern equine encephalomyelitis v..
EMC v. SYN: encephalomyocarditis v..
emerging viruses in epidemiology, a class of viruses that have long infected humans or animals but now have the opportunity to attain epidemic proportions due to human encroachment on tropical rainforests, increased international travel, burgeoning populations in less developed countries, and, possibly, mutations. A number of viruses have been termed emergent, including hemorrhagic viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Hantaan; the rabies-like viruses Mokola and Duvenhage; rodent-borne Junin and Lassa v.; and mosquito-borne dengue. Virologists speculate that the strain of HIV that causes AIDS may also fall into this category, having entered humans through contact with monkeys in central Africa, possibly having existed among monkey populations for some 50,000 years.
encephalitis v. any one of a variety of viruses that cause encephalitis.
encephalomyocarditis v. a Cardiovirus in the family Picornaviridae, usually from rodents, isolated from blood and stools of humans, other primates, pigs, and rabbits; occasionally causes febrile illness with central nervous system involvement in humans, and an often fatal myocarditis in chimpanzees, monkeys and pigs; strains of this v. include Columbia S. K. v. and Mengo v.. SYN: EMC v..
enteric viruses viruses of the genus Enterovirus.
enteric cytopathogenic human orphan v. SYN: ECHO v..
enteric cytopathogenic monkey orphan v. SYN: ECMO v..
enteric cytopathogenic swine orphan v. SYN: ECSO v..
enteric orphan viruses enteroviruses isolated from humans and other animals, “orphan” implying lack of known association with disease when isolated; many viruses of the group are now known to be pathogenic; they include ECBO viruses, ECHO viruses, and ECSO viruses.
enzootic encephalomyelitis v. SYN: Borna disease v..
ephemeral fever v. a rhabdovirus that causes ephemeral fever of cattle.
epidemic gastroenteritis v. a RNA v., about 27 nm in diameter, which has not been cultured in vitro; it is the cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis; at least five antigenically distinct serotypes have been recognized, including the Norwalk agent. These viruses are classified with the Caliciviruses in the family Caliciviridae. SYN: gastroenteritis v. type A.
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis v. an adenovirus (type 8) causing epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, especially among shipyard workers, and also associated with outbreaks of swimming pool conjunctivitis. SYN: shipyard eye.
epidemic myalgia v. SYN: epidemic pleurodynia v..
epidemic parotitis v. SYN: mumps v..
epidemic pleurodynia v. a v. of Enterovirus coxsackievirus type B, in the family Picornaviridae, that causes epidemic pleurodynia. SYN: Bornholm disease v., epidemic myalgia v..
Epstein-Barr v. (EBV) a herpesvirus in the genus Lymphocryptovirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and is also found in cell cultures of Burkitt lymphoma; associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. SYN: EB v., human herpesvirus 4.
FA v. a strain of mouse encephalomyelitis v..
fibrous bacterial viruses SYN: filamentous bacterial viruses.
filamentous bacterial viruses deoxyribonucleoproteins that “infect” and replicate in Gram-negative bacteria having sex pili and that, unlike bacteriophage, are released from infected bacteria without damage to the cell; they seem to be of two kinds, one of which has a specificity for F pili and the other for I pili. SYN: fibrous bacterial viruses.
filtrable v. SYN: v. (2) .
fixed v. rabies v. whose virulence for rabbits has been stabilized by numerous passages through this experimental host. SEE ALSO: street v..
Flury strain rabies v. rabies v., Flury strain.
FMD v. SYN: foot-and-mouth disease v..
foamy viruses retroviruses of the genus Spumavirus, family Retroviridae, found in primates and other mammals; so named because of lacelike changes produced in monkey kidney cells; syncytia are also produced. SYN: foamy agents.
foot-and-mouth disease v. a picornavirus of the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae, causing foot-and-mouth disease of cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and wild ruminants; it has wide distribution throughout Africa and Asia, causing serious economic losses; the v. is spread by contamination of the animal environment with infected saliva and excreta. SYN: FMD v..
Four Corners v. SYN: Sin Nombre v.. [from the section of the U.S. where New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona meet, site of a major occurrence]
Friend v. a strain of the splenic group of mouse leukemia viruses, related to Moloney and Rauscher viruses. SYN: Friend leukemia v., Swiss mouse leukemia v..
Friend leukemia v. SYN: Friend v..
GAL v. a v. with characteristics of adenovirus, not known to be associated with natural disease. SYN: gallus adenolike v..
gallus adenolike v. SYN: GAL v..
gastroenteritis v. type A SYN: epidemic gastroenteritis v..
gastroenteritis v. type B SYN: rotavirus.
GB viruses members of the family Flaviviridae; GBV-A and GBV-B have been isolated from tamarins infected with human viral agents; GBV-C is a human pathogen related to hepatitis G v..
German measles v. SYN: rubella v..
Germiston v. a v. in the genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae.
goatpox v. a v. of the genus Capripoxvirus; the cause of goatpox.
Graffi v. a type C mouse myeloleukemia v. from filtrates of transplantable tumors; possibly related to Gross v..
green monkey v. SYN: Marburg v..
Gross v. the first strain of mouse leukemia v. isolated. SYN: Gross leukemia v..
Gross leukemia v. SYN: Gross v..
Guama v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, composed of 6 species including Catu v., and the type strain, Guama v..
Guanarito v. a species of Arenavirus causing Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. [after municipality in Venezuela where all initial cases of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever were confirmed]
Guaroa v. a v. of the Bunyamwera group of the genus Bunyavirus, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
HA1 v. SYN: hemadsorption v. type 1. See parainfluenza viruses.
HA2 v. SYN: hemadsorption v. type 2. See parainfluenza viruses.
hand-foot-and-mouth disease v. the v. causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease; chiefly type A16 but also types A4, A5, A7, A9, or A10 Entervirus coxsackievirus.
Hantaan v. a Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae that causes Korean hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
helper v. a v. whose replication renders it possible for a defective v. or a virusoid (also present in the host cell) to develop into a fully infectious agent.
hemadsorption v. type 1 parainfluenza v. type 3. See parainfluenza viruses. SYN: HA1 v..
hemadsorption v. type 2 parainfluenza v. type 1. See parainfluenza viruses. SYN: HA2 v..
Hendra v. SYN: equine Morbillivirus. [from Hendra, the suburb of Brisbane, Australia, where it was first isolated]
hepatitis A v. (HAV) an RNA v., genus Hepatovirus, in the family Picornaviridae; the causative agent of viral hepatitis type A. SYN: infectious hepatitis v..
hepatitis B v. (HBV) a DNA v. in the genus Orthohepadnavirus, family Hepadnaviridae; the causative agent of viral hepatitis type B. SYN: serum hepatitis v..
hepatitis C v. (HCV) a non-A, non-B RNA v. causing posttransfusion hepatitis; it a member of the family Flaviviridae. There are now tests to detect hepatitis C infection.
hepatitis D v. a small “defective” RNA v., similar to viroids and virusoids, that requires the presence of hepatitis B v. for replication. The clinical course is variable but is usually more severe than other hepatitides. SYN: delta agent, delta antigen, delta v., hepatitis delta v..
hepatitis delta v. (HDV) SYN: hepatitis D v..
hepatitis E v. (HEV) a RNA v., possibly a Calicivirus, that is the principal cause of enterically transmitted, waterborne, or epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis occurring primarily in Asia and Africa.
hepatitis G v. (HGV) an RNA v. related to the hepatitis C v., and which may cause co-infection with that agent.
herpes v. herpesvirus.
herpes simplex v. (HSV) See herpes simplex.
herpes zoster v. SYN: varicella-zoster v..
hog cholera v. an RNA v. of the genus Pestivirus, in the family Flaviviridae, that causes hog cholera. SYN: swine fever v..
horsepox v. the poxvirus causing horsepox. SYN: contagious pustular stomatitis v. (1) .
human immunodeficiency v. (HIV) human T-cell lymphotropic v. type III; a cytopathic retrovirus (genus Lentvirus, family Retroviridae) that is 100–120 nm in diameter, has a lipid envelope, and has a characteristic dense cylindrical nucleoid containing core proteins and genomic RNA. There are currently two types: HIV-1 infects only human and chimpanzees and is more virulent than HIV-2, which is more closely related to Simian or monkey viruses. HIV-2 is found primarily in West Africa and is not as widespread as HIV-1. In addition to the usual gene associated with retroviruses, this v. has at least 6 genes that regulate its replication. It is the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Formerly or also known as the lymphadenopathy v. (LAV) or the human T-cell lymphotropic v. type III (HTLV-III). Identified in 1984 by Luc Montagnier and colleagues. SYN: lymphadenopathy-associated v..
human immunodeficiency v.-2 a v., found primarily in West Africa, which causes a less virulent form of AIDS and is more closely related to Simian v. strains.
human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia v. (HTLV) a group of viruses (genus BLTV-HTLV retroviruses, family Retroviridae) that are lymphotropic with a selective affinity for the helper/inducer cell subset of T lymphocytes and that are associated with adult T-cell leukemia and tropical spastic paraparesis. SYN: human T-cell lymphotropic v..
human T-cell lymphotropic v. SYN: human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia v..
human T lymphotrophic v. a v. that has a predilection for human lymphoid cells.
v. III of rabbits obsolete name for a latent herpesvirus infection of rabbits. [the third strain isolated, used for study]
Ilhéus v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus (group B arbovirus) first isolated in Brazil, later found in Colombia, Central America, and the Caribbean; the cause of Ilhéus encephalitis and Ilhéus fever.
inclusion conjunctivitis viruses former name for Chlamydia trachomatis.
infantile gastroenteritis v. SYN: rotavirus.
infectious ectromelia v. a v. belonging to the family Poxviridae morphologically similar to vaccinia v., which occurs as a latent infection in laboratory mice, but which may be activated by stresses such as irradiation and transport to cause disease; inoculation into the footpad results in edema and necrosis. SYN: ectromelia v., mousepox v., pseudolymphocytic choriomeningitis v..
infectious hepatitis v. SYN: hepatitis A v..
infectious papilloma v. SYN: human papillomavirus.
infectious porcine encephalomyelitis v. SYN: Teschen disease v..
influenza viruses viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae that cause influenza and influenzalike infections of humans and other animals. These viruses contain single-stranded RNA that is segmented, accounting in part, for their epidemic spread. Viruses included are influenza v. types A and B of the genus Influenzavirus, causing, respectively, influenza A and B, and Influenzavirus C, which belongs to a separate genus and causes influenza C.
insect viruses viruses pathogenic for insects.
iridescent v. an insect v. in the family Iridoviridae.
Jamestown Canyon v. a member of the California group of arboviruses (family Bunyaviridae), which has been associated with a mild febrile illness in humans in North America.
Japanese B encephalitis v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus (group B arbovirus) occurring particularly in Japan but probably widespread throughout Southeast Asia; the v. is normally present in humans, especially in children, as an inapparent infection, but may cause febrile response and sometimes encephalitis; it may cause encephalitis in horses and abortion in pigs; wild birds are probably the natural hosts and culicine mosquitoes the vectors. SYN: Russian autumn encephalitis v..
JC v. a human polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae, of worldwide distribution which produces infections that are usually subclinical in immunocompetent individuals, but is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunosuppressed individuals. [initials of patient from whom first isolated]
Junin v. a v. of the Tacaribe complex of arboviruses, genus Arenavirus, and the cause of Argentinian hemorrhagic fever; also isolated from mites and rodents.
K v. a polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae, that causes pneumonia in young mice by various routes of inoculation.
Kasokero v. a v. of the family Bunyaviridae causing a febrile disease in humans characterized by headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, severe myalgia, and arthralgia. [after the Kasokero Cave in Uganda where the v. was first isolated from bats]
Kelev strain rabies v. rabies v., Kelev strain.
Kilham rat v. a v. of the genus Parvovirus causing inapparent infection in rats; also recoverable from rat tumors. SYN: latent rat v..
Koongol viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising two species, Koongol (type species) and Wongal v..
Korean hemorrhagic fever v. Hantavirus.
Kyasanur Forest disease v. a group B arbovirus, in the family Flaviviridae, isolated from monkeys in India and capable of causing Kyasanur Forest disease in humans; the v. is spread by monkeys and birds having mild infections; the vectors are probably species of the tick Haemaphysalis.
La Crosse v. a bunyavirus of the California group, family Bunyaviridae, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
lactate dehydrogenase v. an arterivirus present perhaps as a “passenger” in various transplantable mouse tumors; the v. may cause a life-long infection and be recognized by elevated plasma lactate dehydrogenose. SYN: LDH agent.
Lassa v. an arenavirus, family Arenaviridae, that causes Lassa fever, an acute febrile disease with a high mortality.
latent rat v. SYN: Kilham rat v..
LCM v. SYN: lymphocytic choriomeningitis v..
louping-ill v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus that causes louping ill and is transmitted by the hard tick Ixodes ricinus.
Lucké v. a herpesvirus associated with Lucké carcinoma.
Lunyo v. an atypical strain of Rift Valley fever v..
lymphadenopathy-associated v. (LAV) SYN: human immunodeficiency v..
lymphocytic choriomeningitis v. an RNA v. of the family Arenaviridae that infects mice, man, monkeys, dogs, and guinea pigs, and causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis; in man, infection may be inapparent, but sometimes the v. causes influenza-like disease, meningitis, or rarely meningoencephalomyelitis; in utero infections of mice establish a type of immunologic tolerance. SYN: LCM v..
lymphogranuloma venereum v. former name for Chlamydia trachomatis.
Machupo v. a v. of the Tacaribe complex (genus Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae); the cause of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever.
malignant catarrhal fever v. a herpesvirus of wide distribution causing malignant catarrhal fever of cattle; sheep and wildebeests harbor inapparent infections and may transmit the v. to cattle.
mammary cancer v. of mice SYN: mammary tumor v. of mice.
mammary tumor v. of mice one of the mammalian Type B retroviruses, antigenically distinct from the murine leukemia-sarcoma complex, that is associated with adenocarcinomatous tumors of the mammary gland, commonly latent in wild and laboratory mice and causing cancer only in genetically susceptible strains under certain hormonal influences. SYN: Bittner agent, Bittner milk factor, Bittner v., mammary cancer v. of mice, milk factor, mouse mammary tumor v..
Marburg v. an RNA-containing v., genus Filovirus in the family Filoviridae, first recognized at Marburg University (Germany), where it was the cause of a highly fatal hemorrhagic fever among laboratory workers and handlers of green monkeys. SYN: green monkey v..
Marek disease v. SYN: avian neurolymphomatosis v..
marmoset v. a herpesvirus obtained repeatedly from throat swabs and tissues of New World monkeys.
masked v. a v. ordinarily occurring in the host in a noninfective state, but which may be activated and demonstrated by special procedures such as blind passage in experimental animals.
Mason-Pfizer v. a member of the genus D-type retroviruses in the family Retroviridae that was isolated from a mammary carcinoma of a rhesus monkey.
Mayaro v. a v. of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, causing epidemics of undifferentiated type fever in South America.
measles v. an RNA v. of the genus Morbillivirus, family Paramyxoviridae, that causes measles in humans and is transmitted via the respiratory tract; possesses hemagglutinating, hemadsorbing, and hemolyzing properties. SYN: rubeola v..
Menangle v. a v. of the family Paramyxoviridae causing infection in pigs, humans, and fruit bats in Australia; human infection has resulted in an influenzalike illness with rash. [named after the location in Australia of the laboratory where it was first isolated]
Mengo v. a strain of encephalomyocarditis v..
milker's nodule v. a v. in the family Poxviridae.
mink enteritis v. a parvovirus that causes enteritis of mink.
MM v. a strain of encephalomyocarditis v..
Mokola v. a rabies related v. of the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, first isolated from shrews (Crocidura spp.) in Nigeria, which has caused fatal neurologic disease in humans and cats in Africa.
molluscum contagiosum v. the poxvirus causing molluscum contagiosum of humans.
Moloney v. a lymphoid leukemia retrovirus of mice, in the family Retroviridae, isolated originally during propagation of S 37 mouse sarcoma.
monkey B v. SYN: B v..
monkeypox v. a v. of the genus Orthopoxvirus causing monkeypox.
mouse encephalomyelitis v. a v. of the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae, normally associated with inapparent infections and found in the intestinal tracts of infected mice, occasionally causing mouse encephalomyelitis in experimentally inoculated susceptible mice. SYN: mouse poliomyelitis v., Theiler v..
mouse hepatitis v. a coronavirus, in the family Coronaviridae, that in the presence of Eperythrozoon coccoides causes fatal hepatitis in newly weaned mice; otherwise causes inapparent infection.
mouse leukemia viruses retroviruses of the murine leukemia-sarcoma complex that produce leukemia and sometimes lymphosarcomas in mice, including the Abelson, Gross, Moloney, Friend, and Rauscher strains of v.; they have been isolated from inbred mice having a high incidence of spontaneous lymphoid leukemia.
mouse mammary tumor v. SYN: mammary tumor v. of mice.
mouse parotid tumor v. SYN: polyoma v..
mouse poliomyelitis v. SYN: mouse encephalomyelitis v..
mousepox v. SYN: infectious ectromelia v..
mouse thymic v. an ether-sensitive member of the herpesviridae family that causes necrosis of the thymus in young mice.
mucosal disease v. SYN: bovine v. diarrhea v..
mumps v. a v. of the genus Rubulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae, causing parotitis in man, sometimes with complications of orchitis, oophoritis, pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis, and others, and transmitted by infectious salivary secretions. SYN: epidemic parotitis v..
murine sarcoma v. a seemingly defective retrovirus that produces sarcomas in mice when growing in the presence of a “helper” v.; e.g., mouse leukemia v..
Murray Valley encephalitis v. a group B arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus that causes Murray Valley encephalitis; it is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, and also infects birds and horses. SYN: Australian X disease v., MVE v..
Murutucu v. a C group mosquito-borne v. of the genus Bunyavirus, which has caused undifferentiated type fever in Brazil and French Guiana.
MVE v. SYN: Murray Valley encephalitis v..
myxomatosis v. SYN: rabbit myxoma v..
naked v. a v. consisting only of a nucleocapsid; i.e., one that does not possess an enclosing envelope.
ND v. SYN: Newcastle disease v..
negative strand v. a v. the genome of which is a strand of RNA that is complementary to messenger RNA; negative strand viruses also carry RNA polymerases necessary for the synthesis of messenger RNA.
Negishi v. one of the group B arboviruses (genus Flavivirus) of the tick-borne encephalitis complex, isolated from fatal infections in Japan.
neonatal calf diarrhea v. one of two viruses causing neonatal calf diarrhea; a rotovirus-like v. is associated with disease in newborn calves, and a coronavirus is associated with disease in calves over 5 days of age.
neurotropic v. a v. that has an affinity for nervous tissue, e.g., poliomyelitis v., neurotropic v. variant of yellow fever, and the “fixed” v. of rabies.
Newcastle disease v. a v. of the genus Rubulavirus, family Paranexoviridae, causing Newcastle disease in chickens and, to a lesser extent, in turkeys and other birds; it may occasionally infect laboratory and poultry workers, causing conjunctivitis and lymphadenitis. SYN: avian pneumoencephalitis v., ND v..
New York v. a species of Hantavirus in the United States causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Nipah v. a paramyxovirus that can cause fatal disease in humans, with features of encephalitis and meningitis; the v. spreads from swine to humans. [Nipah, Malaysia, where first human case detected, 2000]
non-A, non-B hepatitis v. term used to group any of a number of viruses, other than A or B, that cause hepatitis in humans.
nonoccluded v. a v. not inclosed in an inclusion body, usually with reference to an insect v..
Norwalk v. a v. associated with acute viral gastroenteritis and belonging to the calicivirus group.
occluded v. a v. inclosed in an inclusion body, usually with reference to an insect v..
Omsk hemorrhagic fever v. a tick-borne v. of the genus Flavivirus causing Omsk hemorrhagic fever.
oncogenic v. any v. capable of inducing tumors. The RNA tumor viruses (family Retroviridae), which are well-defined and rather homogeneous, or the DNA viruses, which contain a number of viruses capable of inducing tumors, including poxviruses, herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, and polyomavirus. SYN: tumor v..
o'nyong-nyong v. a v. of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae, found in Uganda, Kenya, and Congo, which causes o'nyong-nyong fever.
orf v. a parapoxvirus causing orf in sheep and goats and sometimes humans. SYN: contagious pustular dermatitis, contagious pustular stomatitis v. (2) .
Oriboca v. a C group v. of the genus Bunyavirus, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
ornithosis v. former name for Chlamydia psittaci.
orphan viruses viruses, such as the enteric orphan viruses, that when originally found were not specifically associated with disease; a number of these have since been shown to be pathogenic and subsequently reclassified.
Pacheco parrot disease v. a v. of the family Herpesviridae, possibly related to the v. of infectious laryngotracheitis. SYN: parrot v. (2) .
pantropic v. the ordinary strain of yellow fever v., as distinguished from the neurotropic strain; has an affinity for different tissues.
papilloma v. SYN: Papillomavirus.
pappataci fever viruses SYN: phlebotomus fever viruses.
parainfluenza viruses viruses of the genus Paramyxovirus, of four types: type 1 (hemadsorption v. type 2), which includes sendai v., causes acute laryngotracheitis in children and occasionally adults; type 2 (croup-associated v.) is associated especially with acute laryngotracheitis or croup in young children and minor upper respiratory infections in adults; type 3 (hemadsorption v. type 1; shipping fever v.) has been isolated from small children with pharyngitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, and causes occasional respiratory infection in adults; bovine strains have been isolated from cattle with shipping fever, and the v. has also been isolated from sheep; type 4 has been isolated from a very few children with minor respiratory illness.
paravaccinia v. SYN: pseudocowpox v..
parrot v. 1. obsolete term for Chlamydia psittaci; 2. SYN: Pacheco parrot disease v..
Patois v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising 4 species.
pharyngoconjunctival fever v. one of several types of adenoviruses associated with outbreaks of fever and pharyngitis, sometimes with conjunctivitis, especially in military recruits and people in boarding schools.
phlebotomus fever viruses a group of at least 5 viruses in the family Bunyavirida but antigenically unrelated, transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi (sandfly) and causing phlebotomus fever. SYN: pappataci fever viruses, sandfly fever viruses.
plant viruses viruses pathogenic to higher plants.
pneumonia v. of mice an RNA v. of the genus Pneumovirus, a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, occurring normally as latent infection in laboratory mice, but capable of activation by serial intranasal passage and causing pneumonia. SYN: PVM v..
poliomyelitis v. a small single-stranded RNA v. of the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae, causing poliomyelitis in humans; the route of infection is the alimentary tract, but the v. may enter the bloodstream and nervous system, sometimes causing paralysis of the limbs and, rarely, encephalitis; many infections are inapparent; serologic types 1, 2, and 3 are recognized, type 1 being responsible for most paralytic poliomyelitis and most epidemics. SYN: poliovirus hominis.
polyoma v. a small naked v. with double-stranded circular DNA (genus Polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae) that normally occurs in inapparent infections in laboratory and wild mice, but after growth on tissue culture is capable of producing parotid tumors in mice and sarcomas in hamsters as well as tumors in other laboratory animals. SYN: mouse parotid tumor v..
porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis v. a Coronavirus causing vomiting, wasting, and encephalomyelitis in young pigs.
Powassan v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), transmitted by ixodid ticks and causing Powassan encephalitis in children; also capable of producing meningoencephalomyelitis in rabbits and children. [Powassan, Canada, where first isolated]
pseudocowpox v. a v. of the genus Parapoxvirus that causes pseudocowpox in humans and cattle; it is closely related to orf v. and papular stomatitis v.. SYN: paravaccinia v..
pseudolymphocytic choriomeningitis v. SYN: infectious ectromelia v..
pseudorabies v. a herpesvirus, family Herpesviridae, causing pseudorabies in swine. SYN: Aujeszky disease v..
psittacosis v. former name for Chlamydia psittaci.
Puumala v. a species of Hantavirus found in Europe causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
PVM v. SYN: pneumonia v. of mice.
quail bronchitis v. a v., in the genus Aviadenovirus, related antigenically to CELO v..
Quaranfil v. an ungrouped arbovirus isolated from human blood and from herons.
rabbit fibroma v. a poxvirus of the genus Leporipoxvirus, family Poxviridae, closely related to vaccinia and myxoma viruses, that causes Shope fibroma. SYN: Shope fibroma v..
rabbit myxoma v. the poxvirus of the genus Leporipoxvirus causing myxomatosis of rabbits. SYN: myxomatosis v..
rabbitpox v. an Orthopoxvirus that causes epidemics of pox in laboratory rabbits; immunologically, it is closely related to vaccinia v. but is more virulent in rabbits.
rabies v. a large bullet-shaped single-stranded RNA v. of the genus Lyssavirus, in the family Rhabdoviridae, that is the causative agent of rabies.
rabies v., Flury strain a v. isolated from human brain, attenuated (fixed) by serial propagation in nonmammalian hosts, and subsequently established in chick embryo culture.
rabies v., Kelev strain an attenuated, embryonate fowl egg-passaged strain.
Rauscher v. SYN: Rauscher leukemia v..
Rauscher leukemia v. an RNA retrovirus associated with leukemia in rodents; similar to Friend v.. SYN: Rauscher v..
REO v. SYN: respiratory enteric orphan v..
respiratory enteric orphan v. a nonenveloped icosahedral v. with a two-layered capsid whose genome consists of multiple segments of double-stranded RNA, belonging to the family Reoviridae, frequently found in both the respiratory and enteric tract. SYN: REO v..
respiratory syncytial v. (RSV) an RNA v. of the genus Pneumovirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae, with a tendency to form syncytia in tissue culture, that causes minor respiratory infection with rhinitis and cough in adults, but is capable of causing severe bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in young children; first isolated from chimpanzees with respiratory disease. SYN: chimpanzee coryza agent, Rs v..
Reston v. a variant of Ebola v.. SYN: Ebola v. Reston.
Rida v. a variant of the scrapie agent.
Rift Valley fever v. a v. of the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) that occurs in central and southern Africa in sheep, goats, and cattle, causing abortions and severe febrile disease, especially in young lambs; humans, especially herdsmen and veterinarians, may become infected through close contact with infected animals, developing a dengue-like disease; the v. also infects buffaloes, camels, and antelopes; it is mosquito-borne, but also probably infects by contact and respiratory tract.
RNA v. a group of viruses in which the core consists of RNA; a major group of animal viruses that includes the families Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Retroviridae, Coronaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. SYN: ribovirus.
RNA tumor viruses RNA viruses of the family Retroviridae that cause tumors.
Ross River v. a mosquito-borne alphavirus, family Togaviridae, that causes epidemic polyarthritis.
Rous-associated v. (RAV) a leukemia v. of the Avian type C retroviruses (leukosis-sarcoma complex), family Retroviridae, that by phenotypic mixing with a defective (noninfectious) strain of Rous sarcoma v. effects production of infectious sarcoma v. with envelope antigenicity of the RAV.
Rous sarcoma v. (RSV) a sarcoma-producing v. of the Avian type C retroviruses (leukosis-sarcoma complex), family Retroviridae identified by Rous in 1911.
Rs v. SYN: respiratory syncytial v..
Rubarth disease v. SYN: canine adenovirus 1.
rubella v. an RNA v. of the genus Rubivirus in the family Togaviridae; the agent causing rubella (German measles) in humans. SYN: German measles v..
rubeola v. SYN: measles v..
Russian autumn encephalitis v. SYN: Japanese B encephalitis v..
Russian spring-summer encephalitis v. SYN: tick-borne encephalitis v..
Sabia v. an arenavirus associated with hemolytic fever.
Salisbury common cold viruses strains of rhinovirus of historical interest because of early studies that established the viral etiology of common colds.
salivary v. SYN: human herpesvirus 5.
salivary gland v. SYN: human herpesvirus 5.
sandfly fever viruses SYN: phlebotomus fever viruses.
San Miguel sea lion v. a calicivirus, family Caliciviridae, first isolated from sea lions on San Miguel island off the California coast, which is indistinguishable from the vesicular exanthema of swine v. both biophysically and clinically in terms of the vesicular disease syndrome that it produces in swine.
Semliki Forest v. an alphavirus in the family Togaviridae rarely associated with human disease.
Sendai v. a parainfluenza v. type 1 reported to cause inapparent infection in many animals; also used extensively to effect fusion of tissue culture cells.
Seoul v. a species of Hantavirus in the Far East causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. [the v. was named after Seoul in South Korea, the city where it was first isolated.]
serum hepatitis v. SYN: hepatitis B v..
sheep-pox v. a poxvirus of the genus Capripoxvirus causing sheep-pox.
shipping fever v. a bovine strain of parainfluenza v. type 3. See parainfluenza viruses.
Shope fibroma v. SYN: rabbit fibroma v..
Shope papilloma v. a papillomavirus infecting wild cottontail rabbits. See Shope papilloma.
Simbu v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising a number of species including the type strain, Simbu v..
simian v. (SV) any of a number of viruses, belonging to various families, isolated from monkeys or from cultures of monkey cells. SYN: vacuolating v..
simian v. 40 SYN: simian vacuolating v. No. 40.
simian vacuolating v. No. 40 (SV40) a small (40–45 nm) DNA v. of the genus Polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae; the cause of seemingly inapparent infections in monkeys, especially rhesus, and a common contaminant of monkey cell cultures; the v. may cause inapparent infection in humans and may be excreted in stools of children for several weeks; it can produce fibrosarcoma in suckling hamsters, and transformation may occur in human diploid cells; it may also form “hybrid” v. in cells also infected with certain adenoviruses. SYN: simian v. 40.
Sindbis v. the type species of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae, usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex; and causative agent of Sindbis fever. [village in Egypt where first isolated]
Sin Nombre v. a species of Hantavirus in North America causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. SYN: Four Corners v.. [Spanish, without a name]
slow v. a v., or a viruslike agent, etiologically associated with a disease having a long incubation period of months to years with a gradual onset frequently terminating in severe illness and/or death.
smallpox v. SYN: variola v..
snowshoe hare v. a member of the California group of arboviruses, genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, causing fever, severe headache, and nausea in humans in North America.
soremouth v. SYN: contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) v. of sheep.
Spondweni v. an arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus isolated from mosquitoes in Africa; may cause disease in humans.
St. Louis encephalitis v. a group B arbovirus, genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae, occurring in the U.S., Trinidad, and Panama; normally present as inapparent infection in humans, but sometimes a cause of encephalitis; the v. has been isolated from birds in Panama and from several mosquito species, especially Psorophora.
street v. an isolate of rabies v. from a naturally infected domestic animal.
Sudan v. a variant of Ebola v.. SYN: Ebola v. Sudan.
swine encephalitis v. a coronavirus, in the family Coronaviridae, that causes swine encephalitis.
swine fever v. SYN: hog cholera v..
swine influenza viruses strains of influenza v. type A which cause influenza of swine and can infect humans.
swinepox v. a poxvirus genus Suipoxvirus distinct from vaccinia v. and the cause of swinepox; the pig louse plays an important role in transmission.
Swiss mouse leukemia v. SYN: Friend v..
Tacaribe v. the type v. of the Tacaribe complex of viruses of genus Arenaviruses isolated from bats and mosquitoes in Trinidad.
Tahyna v. a California group arbovirus genus Bunyavirus, in the family Bunyaviridae, from central Europe, known to infect humans.
Taiwan Dobrava-Belgrade v. a species of Hantavirus in the Balkans causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. [after Dobrava, Slovenia (where first isolated from field mice) and Belgrade, Yugoslavia (where first isolated from humans)]
temperate v. referring to a phage that does not lyse its host immediately but may persist in latent form and eventually lyse its host. See lysogeny.
Teschen disease v. a picornavirus causing Teschen disease of pigs; the v. is normally a harmless inhabitant of the intestinal tract, but virulent strains cause epizootics of the disease. SYN: infectious porcine encephalomyelitis v..
Tete viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising a number of types.
TGE v. SYN: transmissible gastroenteritis v. of swine.
Theiler v. SYN: mouse encephalomyelitis v..
Theiler mouse encephalomyelitis v. a v. genus Cardiovirus in the family Picornaviridae. SYN: Theiler original v..
Theiler original v. SYN: Theiler mouse encephalomyelitis v..
tick-borne v. SYN: tick-borne encephalitis v..
tick-borne encephalitis v. arboviruses of the genus Flavivirus that occur in Central Europe and Russia in multiple subtypes, causing two forms of encephalitis in humans: tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype) and tick-borne encephalitis (Eastern subtype); the vectors are ticks of the genus Ixodes. SYN: Russian spring-summer encephalitis v., tick-borne v..
TO v. theiler Original v.. See mouse encephalomyelitis v..
Topografov v. a Hantavirus species found in Siberia.
trachoma v. former name for Chlamydia trachomatis.
transmissible gastroenteritis v. of swine a genus Coronavirus that causes transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. SYN: TGE v..
tumor v. SYN: oncogenic v..
Turlock v. an unclassified serologic group of arboviruses in the genus Bunyavirus but antigenically unrelated to it.
Umbre v. a Bunyavirus related serologically to the Turlock v..
vaccine v. vaccine.
vaccinia v. the poxvirus (genus Orthopoxvirus) used in the immunization of people against variola (smallpox), usually causing a local reaction but sometimes generalized vaccinia, especially in children; the v. is closely related serologically to the viruses of variola and cowpox, but certain differences have been demonstrated which indicate that they are perhaps distinct but closely related strains of a variola-vaccinia-cowpox complex; the lineage of vaccinia v. is uncertain, and it is very unlikely that it descended from Jenner original v.. SYN: poxvirus officinalis.
vacuolating v. SYN: simian v..
varicella-zoster v. a herpesvirus, morphologically identical to herpes simplex v., that causes varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster in man; varicella results from a primary infection with the v.; herpes zoster results from secondary invasion by the same v. or by reactivation of infection which in many instances has been latent for many years. SYN: chickenpox v., herpes zoster v., human herpesvirus 3, Varicellovirus.
variola v. a poxvirus of the genus Orthopoxvirus, the pathogen of smallpox in humans. SYN: smallpox v..
VEE v. SYN: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis v..
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis v. a group A arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, occurring in Venezuela and several other South American countries, in Panama and Trinidad, and occasionally the U.S. causing Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans; it seems to be more viscerotropic than neurotropic; the v. is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. SYN: VEE v..
vesicular exanthema of swine v. a Calicivirus causing vesicular exanthema of swine. SEE ALSO: San Miguel sea lion v..
vesicular stomatitis v. an RNA v. of the genus Vesiculovirus, in the family Rhabdoviridae, causing vesicular stomatitis in horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs. SYN: VS v..
viral hemorrhagic fever v. any one of more than 15 different viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever.
visceral disease v. SYN: Cytomegalovirus.
visna v. an RNA v. a Lentivirus (family Retroviridae) that causes visna; it is closely related antigenically to the similar maedi v..
VS v. SYN: vesicular stomatitis v..
WEE v. SYN: western equine encephalomyelitis v..
Wesselsbron disease v. a mosquito-borne group B arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus causing Wesselsbron fever.
western equine encephalomyelitis v. a group A arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, occurring in the western U.S. and parts of South America; it occurs naturally, usually as a symptomless infection in birds, but causes western equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans following transfer by the bites of mosquitoes, chiefly Culex tarsalis. SYN: WEE v..
West Nile v. SYN: West Nile encephalitis v..
West Nile encephalitis v. caused by a Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. SYN: West Nile v..
xenotropic v. a retrovirus that does not produce disease in its natural host and replicates only in tissue culture cells derived from a different species.
Yaba v. a poxvirus from the Yatapoxvirus, family Poxviridae, distinct from monkeypox v., that causes Yaba tumors in monkeys. SYN: Yaba monkey v..
Yaba monkey v. SYN: Yaba v..
yellow fever v. an arbovirus, the type species of the genus Flavivirus, in the family Flaviviridae, endemic in tropical Africa south of the Sahara and in tropical South America, occasionally spreading to countries outside these areas; it is the cause of yellow fever of humans and other primates; the v. exists in wild primates, and probably also in edentates, marsupials, and rodents, and is transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and the Haemagogus complex of tree-top mosquitoes that feed on arboreal mammals.
Zaire v. a variant of Ebola v.. SYN: Ebola v. Zaire.
Zika v. a mosquito-borne v. of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), found in parts of Africa and in Malaysia, that causes Zika fever. [Zika, forest in Uganda, where first isolated]

-virus -virus

A genus of viruses.

virusoid
virusoid (vi′rus-oyd)

A plant pathogen resembling a viroid but having a much larger circular or linear RNA segment and a capsid; it is a satellite agent requiring an associated virus (helper virus) for replication. [virus + G. eidos, resembling]

virus shedding
virus shedding

Excretion of virus by any route from the infected host; route and duration of excretion vary according to the pathogenesis of the infection or disease.

vis
vis, pl .vires (vis, vi′res)

Force, energy, or power. [L. force]
v. conservatrix the inherent power in the organism resisting the effects of injury.
v. a fronte a force acting from in front; an obstructive, restraining, or impeding force.
v. a tergo a force acting from behind; a pushing or accelerating force.
v. vitae, v. vitalis SYN: vitalism.

viscance
viscance (vis′kans)

A measure of the energy dissipation due to a flow in a viscous system. In medicine and physiology, usually a measure of the energy dissipation in the flow of liquids, sols, or gels within cells and tissues, or of fluids ( e.g., blood, respiratory gases) in tubes. The v. is the pressure gradient from one end to the other of the flow path when unit flow occurs. The relationship between viscosity and v. is of the same nature as that between specific resistance, or resistivity, of a conductor material and the resistance of a particular conductor made from that material.

viscera
viscera (vis′er-a)

Plural of viscus. SYN: vitals.

viscerad
viscerad (vis′er-ad)

In a direction toward the viscera. [viscera + L. ad, to]

visceral
visceral (vis′er-al)

Relating to the viscera. SYN: splanchnic.

visceralgia
visceralgia (vis-er-al′je-a)

Pain in any viscera. [viscera + G. algos, pain]

viscerimotor
viscerimotor (vis′er-i-mo′ter)

SYN: visceromotor.

viscero- viscero-

The viscera. SEE ALSO: splanchno-. [L. viscus, pl. viscera, the internal organs]

viscerocranium
viscerocranium (vis′er-o-kra′ne-um) [TA]

That part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches; it comprises the facial bones of the facial skeleton (under bone) and is distinct from that part of the skull which forms the neurocranium or braincase. SYN: facial skeleton&star, cranium viscerale, visceral cranium, jaw skeleton, splanchnocranium. [viscero- + cranium]
cartilaginous v. those elements of the fetal skull derived from the pharyngeal arch cartilages.
membranous v. components of v. that do not arise from a cartilagenous precursor; most of the mandible is a membrane bone, developing around and not from the first pharyngeal arch cartilage.

viscerogenic
viscerogenic (vis′er-o-jen′ik)

Of visceral origin; denoting a number of sensory and other reflexes. [viscero- + G. -gen, producing]

viscerograph
viscerograph (vis′er-o-graf)

An instrument for recording the mechanical activity of the viscera. [viscero- + G. grapho, to write]

visceroinhibitory
visceroinhibitory (vis′er-o-in-hib′i-tor-e)

Restricting or arresting the functional activity of the viscera.

visceromegaly
visceromegaly (vis′er-o-meg′a-le)

Abnormal enlargement of the viscera, such as may be seen in acromegaly and other disorders. SYN: organomegaly, splanchnomegaly. [viscero- + G. megas, large]

visceromotor
visceromotor (vis′er-o-mo′ter)

1. Relating to or controlling movement in the viscera; denoting the autonomic nerves innervating the viscera, especially the intestines. 2. Denoting a movement having a relation to the viscera; referring to reflex muscular contractions of the abdominal wall in cases of visceral disease. SYN: viscerimotor.

visceroparietal
visceroparietal (vis′er-o-pa-ri′e-tal)

Relating to the viscera and the wall of the abdomen. [viscero- + L. paries, wall]

visceroperitoneal
visceroperitoneal (vis′er-o-per-i-to-ne′al)

Relating to the peritoneum and the abdominal viscera.

visceropleural
visceropleural (vis′er-o-ploo′ral)

Relating to the pleural and the thoracic viscera. SYN: pleurovisceral.

visceroptosis
visceroptosis, visceroptosia (vis′er-op-to′sis, -to′se-a)

Descent of the viscera from their normal positions. SYN: splanchnoptosis, splanchnoptosia. [viscero- + G. ptosis, a falling]

viscerosensory
viscerosensory (vis′er-o-sen′sor-e)

Relating to the sensory innervation of internal organs.

visceroskeletal
visceroskeletal (vis-er-o-skel′e-tal)

Relating to the visceroskeleton. SYN: splanchnoskeletal.

visceroskeleton
visceroskeleton (vis-er-o-skel′e-ton)

1. Any bony formation in an organ, as in the heart, tongue, or penis of certain animals; the term also includes, according to some anatomists, the cartilaginous rings of the trachea and bronchi. 2. The bony framework protecting the viscera, such as the ribs and sternum, the pelvic bones, and the anterior portion of the skull. SYN: splanchnoskeleton, visceral skeleton.

viscerosomatic
viscerosomatic (vis′er-o-so-mat′ik)

Relating to the viscera and the body. SYN: splanchnosomatic. [viscero- + G. soma, body]

viscerotome
viscerotome (vis′er-o-tom)

An instrument by means of which a section of an organ, e.g., the liver, can be removed from a cadaver for examination without performing a general autopsy. [viscero- + G. tomos, cutting]

viscerotomy
viscerotomy (vis-er-ot′o-me)

Dissection of the viscera by incision, especially postmortem. [viscero- + G. tome, incision]

viscerotonia
viscerotonia (vis′er-o-to′ne-a)

Personality traits of love of food, sociability, general relaxation, friendliness, and affection. [viscero- + G. tonos, tone]

viscerotrophic
viscerotrophic (vis′er-o-trof′ik)

Relating to any trophic change determined by visceral conditions. [viscero- + G. trophe, nourishment]

viscerotropic
viscerotropic (vis′er-o-trop′ik)

Affecting the viscera. [L. viscero, internal organs, + G. trope, a turning]

viscid
viscid (vis′id)

Sticky; glutinous. [L. viscidus, stick, fr. viscum, birdlime]

viscidity
viscidity (vi-sid′i-te)

Stickiness; adhesiveness.

viscidosis
viscidosis (vis-i-do′sis)

SYN: cystic fibrosis.

viscoelasticity
viscoelasticity (vis′ko-e-las-tis′i-te)

The property of a viscous material that also shows elasticity.

viscometer
viscometer (vis-kom′e-ter)

SYN: viscosimeter.

viscosimeter
viscosimeter (vis-ko-sim′e-ter)

An apparatus for determining the viscosity of a fluid; in medicine, usually of the blood. SYN: viscometer.

viscosimetry
viscosimetry (vis-ko-sim′e-tre)

Determination of the viscosity of a fluid, such as the blood. [viscosity + G. metron, measure]

viscosity
viscosity (vis-kos′i-te)

In general, the resistance to flow or alteration of shape by any substance as a result of molecular cohesion; most frequently applied to liquids as the resistance of a fluid to flow because of a shearing force. [L. viscositas, fr. viscosus, viscous]
absolute v. force per unit area applied tangentially to a fluid, causing unit rate of displacement of parallel planes separated by a unit distance; units in CGS system: poise.
anomalous v. the viscous behavior of nonhomogenous fluids or suspensions, e.g., blood, in which the apparent v. increases as flow or shear rate decreases toward zero.
apparent v. the v. calculated from Poiseuille law at any particular flow and tube diameter; it is used for suspensions, such as blood, that exhibit anomalous v. and the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect.
dynamic v. (μ) the internal or molecular frictional resistance of a fluid by Newton law of v. as the ratio of the applied force per unit area to the relative velocity of adjacent fluid layers (produced by the force).
kinematic v. (ν, Υ) a measure used in studies of fluid flow; it is the dynamic v., μ, in poises, divided by the density of the material; unit; stoke.
newtonian v. the v. characteristics of a newtonian fluid.
relative v. the ratio of the v. of a solution or dispersion to the v. of the solvent or continuous phase.

viscotoxins
viscotoxins (vis′ko-toks′ins)

A class of phytotoxins that have a hypotensive activity and slow the heart beat.

viscous
viscous (vis′kus)

Sticky; marked by high viscosity. [see viscid, viscosity]

viscum
viscum (vis′kum)

1. The berries of V. album (family Loranthaceae), a parasitic plant growing on apple, pear, and other trees; has been used as an oxytocic. SYN: mistletoe. 2. Herbage of Phoradendron flavescens, American mistletoe; has been used as an oxytocic and emmenagoque.

viscus
viscus, pl .viscera (vis′kus, vis′er-a)

An organ of the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, and endocrine systems as well as the spleen, the heart, and great vessels; hollow and multilayered walled organs studied in splanchnology. [L. the soft parts, internal organs]

vision
vision (vizh′un)

The act of seeing. SEE ALSO: sight. [L. visio, fr. video, pp. visus, to see]
achromatic v. SYN: achromatopsia.
binocular v. v. with a single image, by both eyes simultaneously.
blue v. SYN: cyanopsia.
central v. v. stimulated by an object imaged on the fovea centralis. SYN: direct v..
chromatic v. SYN: chromatopsia.
colored v. (VC) SYN: chromatopsia.
cone v. SYN: photopic v..
direct v. SYN: central v..
double v. SYN: diplopia.
facial v. sensing the proximity of objects by the nerves of the face, presumed in the case of the blind and also in sighted persons who are blindfolded or in darkness.
green v. SYN: chloropsia.
halo v. a condition in which colored or luminous rings are seen around lights.
haploscopic v. stereoscopic v. produced by the haploscope, or mirror-type stereoscope.
indirect v. SYN: peripheral v..
multiple v. SYN: polyopia.
night v. SYN: scotopic v..
oscillating v. SYN: oscillopsia.
peripheral v. v. resulting from retinal stimulation beyond the macula. SYN: indirect v..
photopic v. v. when the eye is light-adapted. See light adaptation, light-adapted eye. SYN: cone v., photopia.
red v. SYN: erythropsia.
rod v. SYN: scotopic v..
scotopic v. v. when the eye is dark-adapted. SEE ALSO: dark adaptation, dark-adapted eye. SYN: night v., rod v., scotopia, twilight v..
stereoscopic v. the single perception of a slightly different image from each eye. SYN: stereopsis.
subjective v. visual impressions that arise centrally and do not originate with ocular stimuli.
tinted v. SYN: chromatopsia.
triple v. SYN: triplopia.
tubular v. a constriction of the visual field, as though one were looking through a hollow cylinder or tube. SYN: tunnel v..
tunnel v. SYN: tubular v..
twilight v. SYN: scotopic v..
yellow v. SYN: xanthopsia.

visual
visual (vizh′oo-al)

1. Relating to vision. 2. Denoting a person who learns and remembers more readily through sight than through hearing. SEE ALSO: internal representation. [Late L. visualis, fr. visus, vision]
functional v. loss an apparent loss of v. acuity or v. field with no substantiating physical signs; often due to a natural concern about v. loss combined with suggestibility and a fear of the worst; best treated with reassurance.

visualize
visualize (vizh′oo-a-liz)

To picture in the mind or to perceive; commonly misused by ascribing to the technique the act of making visible.

visuoauditory
visuoauditory (vizh′u-o-aw′di-tor-e)

Relating to both vision and hearing; denoting nerves connecting the centers for these senses.

visuognosis
visuognosis (vizh′u-og-no′sis)

Recognition and understanding of visual impressions. [L. visus, vision, + G. gnosis, knowledge]

visuomotor
visuomotor (viz′u-o-mo′ter)

Denoting the ability to synchronize visual information with physical movement, e.g., driving a car or playing a video game of skill.

visuopsychic
visuopsychic (vizh′u-o-si′kik)

Pertaining to the portion of the cerebral cortex concerned with the integration of visual impressions. [L. visus, vision, + G. psyche, mind]

visuosensory
visuosensory (vizh′u-o-sen′sor-e)

Pertaining to the perception of visual stimuli.

visuospatial
visuospatial (viz′u-o-spa′shal)

Denoting the ability to comprehend and conceptualize visual representations and spatial relationships in learning and performing a task.

visuscope
visuscope (viz′u-skop)

A modified ophthalmoscope that projects a black star on the patient's fundus.

vital
vital (vit-al)

Relating to life. [L. vitalis, fr. vita, life]

vitalism
vitalism (vit′al-izm)

The theory that animal functions are dependent upon a special form of energy or force, the vital force, distinct from the physical forces. SYN: vis vitae, vis vitalis. [L. vitalis, pertaining to life]

vitalistic
vitalistic (vit′a-lis′tik)

Pertaining to vitalism.

vitality
vitality (vit-al′i-te)

Vital force or energy.

vitalize
vitalize (vit′al-iz)

To endow with vital force.

vitalometer
vitalometer (vi-ta-lom′e-ter)

An electrical device for determining the vitality of the tooth pulp.

vital red
vital red [C.I. 23570]

Trisodium salt of a sulfonated diazo dye (a ditolyl group diazotized to sulfonated aminonaphthalene residues), used as a vital stain. SYN: brilliant v..

vitals
vitals (vit′alz)

SYN: viscera.

vitamer
vitamer (vi′ta-mer)

One of two or more similar compounds capable of fulfilling a specific vitamin function in the body; e.g., niacin, niacinamide.

vitamin
vitamin (vit′a-min)

One of a group of organic substances, present in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs, that are essential to normal metabolism; insufficient amounts in the diet may cause deficiency diseases. [L. vita, life, + amine]
v. A 1. any β-ionone derivative, except provitamin A carotenoids, possessing qualitatively the biological activity of retinol; deficiency interferes with the production and resynthesis of rhodopsin, thereby causing night blindness, and produces a keratinizing metaplasia of epithelial cells that may result in xerophthalmia, keratosis, susceptibility to infections, and retarded growth; 2. the original v. A, now known as retinol. SYN: axerophthol.
v. A₁ SYN: retinol.
v. A₂ SYN: dehydroretinol.
v. A₁ acid SYN: retinoic acid.
v. A₁ alcohol SYN: retinol.
v. A aldehyde SYN: retinaldehyde.
v. A₂ aldehyde SYN: dehydroretinaldehyde.
antiberiberi v. SYN: thiamin.
antihemorrhagic v. SYN: v. K.
antineuritic v. SYN: thiamin.
antirachitic vitamins ergocalciferol (v. D₂) and cholecalciferol (v. D₃).
antiscorbutic v. SYN: ascorbic acid.
antisterility v. SYN: v. E (2) .
v. B a group of water-soluble substances originally considered as one v..
v. B₁ SYN: thiamin.
v. B₂ 1. SYN: riboflavin. 2. obsolete term for a complex of folic acid, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin.
v. B₃ 1. obsolete term for nicotinamide and/or nicotinic acid; 2. obsolete term for pantothenic acid.
v. B₄ 1. once believed to be a factor necessary for nutrition of the chick, now identified simply as certain essential amino acids and/or adenine; 2. obsolete term for adenine.
v. B₅ term once used to describe biologic activities now ascribed to pantothenic acid or nicotinic acid.
v. B₆ pyridoxine and related compounds (pyridoxal; pyridoxamine).
v. B₁₂ generic descriptor for compounds exhibiting the biological activity of cyanocobalamin (cyanocob(III)alamin); the antianemia factor of liver extract that contains cobalt, a cyano group, and corrin in a cobamide structure. Several substances with similar formulas and with the characteristic hematinic action have been isolated and designated: B_12a, hydroxocobalamin; B_12b, aquacobalamin; B_12c, nitritocobalamin; B_12r, cob(II)alamin; B_12s, cob(I)alamin; B_12III, factors A and V_1a (cobyric acid) and pseudovitamin B₁₂. Vitamins B_12a and B_12b are known to be tautomeric compounds; B_12b has been obtained from cultures of Streptomyces aureofaciens; B_12c has been obtained from cultures of Streptomyces griseus and is distinguishable from B₁₂ by differences in its absorption spectrum. The physiologically active v. B₁₂ coenzymes are methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosinecobalamin. A deficiency of v. B₁₂ is often associated with certain methylmalonic acidurias. SYN: animal protein factor, antianemic factor, antipernicious anemia factor (1) , erythrocyte maturation factor, maturation factor, methylcobalamin.
v. B_T SYN: carnitine.
v. B_x SYN: p-aminobenzoic acid.
v. B complex a pharmaceutical term applied to drug products containing a mixture of the B vitamins, usually B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, and B₆.
v. B_c conjugase an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of the pteroylpolyglutamic acids to pteroylmonoglutamic acid, with consequent increase in v. activity; v. B_c is an obsolete term for folic acid.
v. B₁₂ with intrinsic factor concentrate a combination of v. B₁₂ with suitable preparations of the mucosa of the stomach or intestine of domestic animals used for food by humans.
v. C SYN: ascorbic acid.
coagulation v. obsolete term for v. K.
v. D generic descriptor for all steroids exhibiting the biologic activity of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol, the antirachitic vitamins popularly called the “sun-ray vitamins.” They promote the proper utilization of calcium and phosphorus, thereby producing growth, together with proper bone and tooth formation, in young children; the sulfate, a water-soluble conjugate, is found in the aqueous phase of human milk; v. D₁ is a 1:1 mixture of lumisterol and v. D₂.
v. D₂ SYN: ergocalciferol.
v. D₃ SYN: cholecalciferol.
v. E 1. SYN: α-tocopherol. 2. generic descriptor of tocol and tocotrienol derivatives possessing the biologic activity of α-tocopherol; contained in various oils (wheat germ, cotton seed, palm, rice) and whole grain cereals where it constitutes the nonsaponifiable fraction; also contained in animal tissue (liver, pancreas, heart) and lettuce; deficiency produces resorption or abortion in female rats and sterility in males. SYN: antisterility factor, antisterility v., fertility v..
v. F term sometimes applied to the essential unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids.
fat-soluble vitamins those vitamins, soluble in fat solvents (nonpolar solvents) and relatively insoluble in water, marked in chemical structure by the presence of large hydrocarbon moieties in the molecule; e.g., vitamins A, D, E, K.
fertility v. SYN: v. E (2) .
v. G obsolete term for riboflavin.
v. H SYN: biotin. [Ger, H for Haut, skin]
v. K generic descriptor for compounds with the biologic activity of phylloquinone; fat-soluble, thermostable compounds found in alfalfa, hog liver, fish meal, and vegetable oils, essential for the formation of normal amounts of prothrombin. SYN: antihemorrhagic factor, antihemorrhagic v..
v. K₁, v. K₁(20) SYN: phylloquinone.
v. K₂, v. K₂(30) SYN: menaquinone-6.
v. K₃ SYN: menadione.
v. K₄ SYN: menadiol diacetate.
v. K₅ an antihemorrhagic v..
v. K₂(35) SYN: menaquinone-7.
microbial v. a substance necessary for the growth of certain microorganisms, e.g., biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid.
v. P a mixture of bioflavonoids extracted from plants (especially citrus fruits). It reduces the permeability and fragility of capillaries and is useful in the treatment of certain cases of purpura that are resistant to v. C therapy. SEE ALSO: hesperidin, quercetin, rutin. SYN: capillary permeability factor, citrin, permeability v..
permeability v. SYN: v. P.
v. PP SYN: nicotinic acid.
v. U term given to a factor in fresh cabbage juice that encourages the healing of peptic ulcer, (3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)dimethylsulfonium chloride, a methionine derivative.

vitellarium
vitellarium (vit′el-lar′e-um)

In cestodes and trematodes, a common chamber receiving vitelline (yolk) material from the two vitelline ducts; the yolk material then passes into the ootype to surround the ovum with nutritive vitelline granules that are enclosed by a characteristically formed eggshell. SYN: vitelline reservoir.

vitelliform
vitelliform (vi-tel′i-form)

Relating to or resembling the yolk of an egg.

vitellin
vitellin (vi-tel′in)

A lipophosphoprotein combined with lecithin in the yolk of egg. SYN: lipovitellin, ovovitellin.

vitelline
vitelline (vi-tel′in, -en)

Relating to the vitellus. See yolk sac.

vitellogenesis
vitellogenesis (vi-tel′lo-jen′e-sis, vi′te-lo-)

Formation of the yolk and its accumulation in the yolk sac. [L. vitellus, yolk, + G. genesis, production]

vitellogenin
vitellogenin (vi′tel-o-jen′in)

An egg yolk precursor protein; production is stimulated by estrogens. [L. vitellus, egg yolk, + -gen + -in]

vitellolutein
vitellolutein (vi-tel-o-loo′te-in)

Lutein from the yolk of egg.

vitellorubin
vitellorubin (vi-tel-o-roo′bin)

A reddish pigment from the yolk of egg.

vitellose
vitellose (vi-tel′os)

A protein fragment from vitellin.

vitellus
vitellus (vi-tel′us)

SYN: yolk (1) . [L.]
v. ovi yolk of egg; used in pharmacy for emulsifying oils and camphors.

vitiation
vitiation (vish-e-a′shun)

A change that impairs utility or reduces efficiency. [L. vitiatio fr. vitio, pp. vitiatus, to corrupt, fr. vitium, vice]

vitiligines
vitiligines (vit-i-lij′i-nez)

Plural of vitiligo.

vitiliginous
vitiliginous (vit-i-lij′i-nus)

Relating to or characterized by vitiligo.

vitiligo
vitiligo, pl .vitiligines (vit-i-li′go, vit-i-lij′i-nez)

The appearance on otherwise normal skin of nonpigmented white patches of varied sizes, often symmetrically distributed and usually bordered by hyperpigmented areas; hair in the affected areas is usually white. Epidermal melanocytes are completely lost in depigmented areas by an autoimmune process. SYN: acquired leukoderma. [L. a skin eruption, fr. vitium, blemish, vice]
v. iridis small white patches in brown irides.

vitrectomy
vitrectomy (vi-trek′to-me)

Removal of the vitreous by means of an instrument that simultaneously removes vitreous by suction and cutting, and replaces it with saline or some other fluid. [vitreous + G. ektome, excision]
anterior v. removal of the central vitreous gel.
posterior v. removal of the posterior cortical vitreous; sometimes the preretinal membranes are removed.

vitrein
vitrein (vit′re-in)

A collagen-like protein that, with hyaluronic acid, accounts for the gel state of the vitreous humor. SYN: vitrosin.

vitreitis
vitreitis (vit-re-i′tis)

Inflammation of the corpus vitreum. SYN: hyalitis. [L. vitreus, glassy, + G. -itis, inflammation]

vitreo- vitreo-

Vitreous. [L. vitreus, glassy]

vitreodentin
vitreodentin (vit′re-o-den′tin)

Dentin of a particularly brittle character.

vitreoretinal
vitreoretinal (vit′re-o-ret′i-nal)

Pertaining to the retina and the vitreous body.

vitreoretinopathy
vitreoretinopathy (vit′re-o-ret′i-nop′a-the)

Retinopathy with vitreous complications.
exudative v. [MIM*193220] a familial, slowly progressive ocular disease; characterized by posterior vitreous detachment, vitreous membranes, heterotopia of macula, retinal detachment, neovascularization, and recurrent hemorrhage.

vitreous
vitreous (vit′re-us)

1. Glassy; resembling glass. 2. SYN: v. body. [L. vitreus, glassy, fr. vitrum, glass]
persistent anterior hyperplastic primary v. a unilateral congenital abnormality occurring in full-term infants; characterized by a retrolental fibrovascular membrane formed by persistent primary v. with remnants of the hyaloid artery and tunica vasculosa lentis; associated with leukokoria, microphthalmos, shallow anterior chamber, and elongated ciliary processes.
persistent posterior hyperplastic primary v. a unilateral congenital anomaly in full-term infants; associated with a congenital retinal fold and a v. membranous stalk containing remnants of the hyaloid artery.
primary v. the v. first formed in the embryo between the optic cup and the lens vesicle, and later vascularized by the hyaloid artery and its branches.
secondary v. avascular v. formed around the primary v..
tertiary v. v. fibrils derived from the neuroepithelium of the ciliary body and forming the ciliary zonule.

vitreum
vitreum (vit′re-um)

SYN: vitreous body. [L. ntr. of vitreus, glassy]

vitrification
vitrification (vit′ri-fi-ka′shun)

Conversion of dental porcelain (frit) to a glassy substance by heat and fusion. [L. vitrium, glassy, + facio, to make]

vitriol
vitriol (vit′re-ol)

Any of the various salts of sulfuric acid, e.g., blue v. (cupric sulfate), green v. (ferrous sulfate), white v. (zinc sulfate). [L. vitreolus, glassy]

vitronectin
vitronectin (vit′ro-nek′tin)

A plasma glycoprotein involved in inflammatory and repair reactions at sites of tissue damage.

vitrosin
vitrosin (vit′ro-sin)

SYN: vitrein.

Vittaforma
Vittaforma (ve-ta-for′ma)

A genus of microsporidia that can infect humans and can cause keratitis in the immunocompetent and disseminated infection in the immunocompromised; formerly Nosema.

vivarium
vivarium, pl .vivaria (vi-var′e-um, -a)

Quarters in which animals are housed, particularly animals used in medical research. [L. vivarius, pertaining to living creatures]

vivi- vivi-

Living. [L. vivus, alive]

vividialysis
vividialysis (viv′i-di-al′i-sis)

Removal by dialysis, as by lavage of peritoneal cavity.

vividiffusion
vividiffusion (viv′i-di-fu′zhun)

Archaic term for a method by which circulating blood may be submitted to dialysis outside the body and returned to the circulation without exposure to the air or to any noxious influences; the principle used in the performance of renal dialysis with the artificial kidney. [vivi- + diffusion]

vivification
vivification (viv′i-fi-ka′shun)

SYN: revivification (2) . [L. vivifico, pp. -atus, fr. vivus, alive, + facio, to make]

viviparity
viviparity (viv′i-par′i-te)

The quality or state of being viviparous, i.e., producing offspring that are living at the time of birth. SYN: zoogony.

viviparous
viviparous (vi-vip′a-rus)

Giving birth to living young, in distinction to oviparous, or egg-laying. SYN: zoogonous. [vivi- + L. pario, to bear]

viviperception
viviperception (viv′i-per-sep′shun)

Observation of the vital processes in the organism without the aid of vivisection. [vivi- + perception]

vivisect
vivisect (viv-i-sekt′)

To practice vivisection.

vivisection
vivisection (viv-i-sek′shun)

Any cutting operation on a living animal for purposes of experimentation; often extended to denote any form of animal experimentation. [vivi- + section]

vivisectionist
vivisectionist, vivisector (vi-vi-sek′shun-ist, -tor; vi-vi-sek′tor)

One who practices vivisection.

Vladimiroff
Vladimiroff

Vladimir D., Russian surgeon, 1837–1903. See Mikulicz-V. amputation, V.-Mikulicz amputation.

VLDL
VLDL

Abbreviation for very low density lipoprotein. See lipoprotein.

VMA
VMA

Abbreviation for vanillylmandelic acid.

V-max
V-max

See V_max.

VMC
VMC

Abbreviation for void metal composite.

V-MI
V-MI

Abbreviation for Volpe-Manhold Index.

vocal
vocal (vo′kal)

Pertaining to the voice or the organs of speech. [L. vocalis]

vocal fry
vocal fry (vo′kal fri)

Phonation at an unnaturally low frequency resulting in low-frequency popping and ticking sounds. SYN: glottalization.

Vogel law
Vogel law

See under law.

Voges
Voges

Otto, German physician, *1867. See V.-Proskauer reaction.

Vogt
Vogt

Alfred, Swiss ophthalmologist, 1879–1943. See V.-Koyanagi syndrome.

Vogt
Vogt

Cécile, German neurologist, 1875–1962. See V. syndrome.

Vogt
Vogt

Heinrich W., German neurologist, *1875. See Spielmeyer-V. disease.

Vogt
Vogt

Karl C., German physiologist, 1817–1895. See V. angle.

Vogt
Vogt

Oskar, German neurologist, 1870–1959. See V. syndrome.

Vogt cephalodactyly
Vogt cephalodactyly

SYN: type II acrocephalosyndactyly.

Vohwinkel
Vohwinkel

H.H., 20th century German dermatologist. See V. syndrome.

voice
voice (voys)

The sound made by vibration of the vocal folds caused by air passing out through the larynx and upper respiratory tract, the vocal folds being approximated. SYN: vox. [L. vox]
amphoric v. a v. sound having a hollow, blowing character, heard over a pulmonary cavity when the patient speaks or whispers. SYN: amphorophony.
bronchial v. SYN: bronchophony.
cavernous v. the hollow or metallic v. sound heard over a pulmonary cavity.
epigastric v. the delusion of a v. proceeding from the epigastrium.
eunuchoid v. high-pitched v. in the adult male resembling the v. of a young boy; usually functional in origin.
myxedema v. the forced, rough, raucous v. of subjects of myxedema, probably due to myxedematous thickening of the vocal folds.

void
void (voyd)

To evacuate urine or feces.
flow v. in magnetic resonance imaging, the absence of signal from blood whose activated protons leave a region before their magnetization is measured. SEE ALSO: signal v..
signal v. in magnetic resonance imaging, a region emitting no radiofrequency signal, because there are no activated protons in the region (such as flowing blood), because a different element predominates, particularly calcium, or because of uncompensated dephasing, such as occurs at air-tissue interfaces in the lung.

void metal composite
void metal composite (VMC)

A porous metal structure that enables tissue growth within the openings to establish long-term attachment between prosthesis and tissue.

vol.
vol.

Abbreviation for [L.] volatilis, volatile.

vola
vola (vo′la)

Palm of the hand or sole of the foot. [L.]

volar
volar (vo′lar) [TA]

Referring to the vola; denoting either the palm of the hand or sole of the foot. SYN: volaris [TA] .

volaris
volaris (vo-la′ris) [TA]

SYN: volar.

volatile
volatile (vol.) (vol′a-til)

1. Tending to evaporate rapidly. 2. Tending toward violence, explosiveness, or rapid change. [L. volatilis, fr. volo, to fly]

volatilization
volatilization (vol′a-til-i-za′shun)

SYN: evaporation. [fr. L. volatilis, volatile, fr. volo, pp. volatus, to fly]

volatilize
volatilize (vol′a-til-iz)

SYN: evaporate.

Volhard
Volhard

Franz, German physician, 1872–1950. See V. test.

volition
volition (vo-lish′un)

The conscious impulse to perform any act or to abstain from its performance; voluntary action. [L. volo,, to wish]

volitional
volitional (vo-lish′un-al)

Done by an act of will; relating to volition.

Volkmann
Volkmann

Alfred W., German physiologist, 1800–1877. See V. canals, under canal.

Volkmann
Volkmann

Richard, German surgeon, 1830–1889. See V. cheilitis, V. contracture, V. spoon.

volley
volley (vol′e)

A synchronous group of impulses induced simultaneously by artificial stimulation of either nerve fibers or muscle fibers. [Fr. volée, fr. L. volo, to fly]

Vollmer
Vollmer

Herman, U.S. pediatrician, 1896–1959. See V. test.

Volpe
Volpe

Anthony R., U.S. dentist, *1932. See V.-Manhold Index.

volsella
volsella (vol-sel′a)

SYN: vulsella forceps. [see vulsella]

volt
volt (v, V) (volt)

The unit of electromotive force; the electromotive force that will produce a current of 1 A in a circuit that has a resistance of 1 ohm; i.e., joule per coulomb. [Alessandro Volta, It. physicist, 1745–1827]

voltage
voltage (vol′tej)

Electromotive force, pressure, or potential expressed in volts.

voltaic
voltaic (vol-ta′ik)

SYN: galvanic.

voltaism
voltaism (vol′ta-izm)

SYN: galvanism.

voltameter
voltameter (vol-tam′e-ter)

An apparatus for measuring the strength of a galvanic current by its electrolytic action. [volt + G. metron, measure]

voltampere
voltampere (volt′am-per)

A unit of electrical power; the product of 1 V by 1 A; equivalent to 1 W or 11000 kW.

voltmeter
voltmeter (volt′me-ter)

An apparatus for measuring the electromotive force or difference of potential.

Voltolini
Voltolini

Friedrich E.R., German laryngologist, 1819–1889. See V. disease.

volume
volume (V, V) (vol′yum)

Space occupied by matter, expressed usually in cubic millimeters, cubic centimeters, liters, etc. See water. SEE ALSO: capacity. [L. volumen, something rolled up, scroll, fr. volvo, to roll]
atomic v. the atomic weight of an element divided by its density in the solid state; the v. of the gram-atomic weight of a solid element.
v. averaging in computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, the effect of expressing the average density of a voxel as a pixel in the image; the greater the slice thickness, the more averaging is necessary, with loss in density resolution.
closing v. (CV) the lung v. at which the flow from the lower parts of the lungs becomes severely reduced or stops during expiration, presumably because of airway closure; measured by the sharp rise in expiratory concentration of a tracer gas that had been inspired at the beginning of a breath that started from residual v..
distribution v. the v. throughout which an added tracer substance appears to have been evenly distributed, calculated by dividing the amount of tracer added by its concentration after equilibration.
end-diastolic v. the capacity or the amount of blood in the ventricle immediately before a cardiac contraction begins; a measurement of cardiac filling between beats, related to diastolic function.
end-systolic v. the capacity or the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of the ventricular ejection period and immediately preceding the beginning of ventricular relaxation; a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function.
expiratory reserve v. (ERV) the maximal v. of air (about 1000 mL) that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal expiration. SYN: reserve air, supplemental air.
extracellular fluid v. (ECFV) the fraction of body water not in cells, about 25% of body weight: it consists of plasma water (4.5% of body weight), water between cells (interstitial water-lymph, 11.5% of body weight), water in dense bone and connective tissue (7.5% of body weight), and water secretions. See entries under entries under water.. SEE ALSO: intracellular fluid.
forced expiratory v. (FEV) the maximal v. that can be expired in a specific time interval when starting from maximal inspiration. A subscript annotation normally indicates the number of seconds the patient has been expiring e.g., FEV_30–60.
inspiratory reserve v. (IRV) the maximal v. of air that can be inspired after a normal inspiration; the inspiratory capacity less the tidal v.. SYN: complemental air.
mean corpuscular v. (MCV) the average v. of red cells, calculated from the hematocrit and the red cell count, in erythrocyte indices.
minute v. the v. of any gas or fluid moved per minute; e.g., cardiac output or the respiratory minute v..
packed cell v. the v. of the blood cells in a sample of blood after it has been centrifuged in the hematocrit; normally, it amounts to 45% of the blood sample.
partial v. the actual v. occupied by one species of molecule or particle in a solution; the reciprocal of the density of the molecule.
residual v. (RV) the v. of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort. SYN: residual air, residual capacity.
respiratory minute v. (RMV) the minute v. of breathing; the product of tidal v. times the respiratory frequency. See pulmonary ventilation.
resting tidal v. the tidal v. under normal conditions, i.e., in the absence of exercise or other conditions that stimulate breathing.
standard v. the v. of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure, approximately 22.414 L.
stroke v. the v. pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat. SYN: stroke output.
tidal v. (V_T) the v. of air that is inspired or expired in a single breath during regular breathing. SYN: tidal air.

volumenometer
volumenometer (vol′u-me-nom′e-ter)

A device for determining the volume of a solid by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces. SYN: volumometer. [volume + G. metron, measure]

volumetric
volumetric (vol-u-met′rik)

Relating to measurement by volume.

volumometer
volumometer (vol-u-mom′e-ter)

SYN: volumenometer.

voluntary
voluntary (vol′un-tar-e)

Relating or acting in obedience to the will; not obligatory. [L. voluntarius, fr. voluntas, will, fr. volo, to wish]

voluptuous
voluptuous (vo-lup′tu-us)

Causing or caused by sensual pleasure; given to gratification of the senses. [L. voluptuosus, fr. voluptas, pleasure]

volute
volute (vo-loot)

Rolled up; convoluted. [L. voluta, a scroll, fr. volvo, pp. volutus, to roll]

volutin
volutin (vol′oo-tin)

A nucleoprotein complex found as cytoplasmic granules in certain bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa (such as trypanosome flagellates) which serves as food reserves. SYN: v. granules.

Volvox
Volvox (vol′voks)

A genus of highly organized colonial green flagellates of the class Phytomastigophorea. [L. volvo, to roll]

volvulosis
volvulosis (vol-voo-lo′sis)

SYN: onchocerciasis.

volvulus
volvulus (vol′vu-lus)

A twisting of the intestine causing obstruction; if left untreated may result in vascular compromise of the involved intestine. [L. volvo, to roll]
cecal v. rotation and twisting of the cecum toward the left upper quadrant, with ascending colon obstruction; associated with a cecum on a long mesentery.
gastric v. twisting of the stomach that may result in obstruction and impairment of the blood supply to the organ; it can occur in paraesophageal hernia and occasionally in eventration of the diaphragm. See organoaxial.
mesenteroaxial v. a type of gastric v. in which the axis of twist is parallel to the line of the gastric mesentery. SEE ALSO: organoaxial.
sigmoid v. relatively common location of v., with obstruction either proximal or distal to the sigmoid segment.

vomer
vomer, gen. vomeris (vo′mer, vo′mer-is) [TA]

A flat bone of trapezoidal shape forming the inferior and posterior portion of the nasal septum; it articulates with the sphenoid, ethmoid, two maxillae, and two palatine bones. [L. ploughshare]
v. cartilagineus SYN: vomeronasal cartilage.

vomerine
vomerine (vo′mer-en)

Relating to the vomer.

vomerobasilar
vomerobasilar (vo′mer-o-bas′i-lar)

Relating to the vomer and the base of the skull.

vomeronasal
vomeronasal (vo′mer-o-na′sal)

Relating to the vomer and the nasal bone.

vomit
vomit (vom′it)

1. To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth. 2. Vomitus; the matter so ejected. SYN: vomitus (2) . [L. vomo, pp. vomitus, to v.]
Barcoo v. attacks of nausea and vomiting accompanied by bulimia affecting those living in the interior of the southern part of Australia.
bilious v. v. containing large amounts of bile suggestive of bowel obstruction distal to the papilla of Vater.
black v. the coffee-ground-colored material that is vomited, specifically, in severe yellow fever. SEE ALSO: coffee-ground v.. SYN: vomitus niger.
coffee-ground v. v. consisting of fresh or old blood. SEE ALSO: black v..

vomiting
vomiting (vom′i-ting)

The ejection of matter from the stomach in retrograde fashion through the esophagus and mouth. SYN: emesis (1) , vomition, vomitus (1) .
cerebral v. v. due to intracranial disease, especially elevated intracranial pressure.
cyclic v. a syndrome of recurrent bouts of v. seen especially in preverbal children; many affected children later develop typical migraine headaches.
dry v. SYN: retching.
epidemic v. virus caused by Norwalk virus, a 27-nm RNA virus in the family Caliciviridae frequently occurring in a group of people ( e.g., in a school or small community) suddenly and without prodromal illness or malaise, is intense while it lasts, but ceases abruptly after 24–48 hours; symptoms are headache, abdominal pain, giddiness, and diarrhea in most of the cases, and extreme prostration in about 75%. SYN: epidemic nausea.
fecal v. vomitus with appearance and/or odor of feces suggestive of long-standing distal small bowel or colonic obstruction. SYN: copremesis, stercoraceous v..
morning v. v. occurring on rising or immediately after breakfast in some women during early pregnancy. SYN: morning sickness.
pernicious v. uncontrollable v..
v. of pregnancy v. occurring in the early months of pregnancy.
projectile v. expulsion of the contents of the stomach with great force.
psychogenic v. v. associated with emotional distress and anxiety.
retention v. v. due to mechanical obstruction, usually hours after ingestion of a meal.
stercoraceous v. SYN: fecal v..

vomition
vomition (vo-mish′un)

SYN: vomiting. [L. vomitio, fr. vomo, to vomit]

vomiturition
vomiturition (vom′i-too-rish′un)

SYN: retching.

vomitus
vomitus (vom′i-tus)

1. SYN: vomiting. 2. SYN: vomit (2) . [L. a vomiting, vomit]
v. cruentes SYN: hematemesis.
v. marinus SYN: seasickness.
v. niger SYN: black vomit.

von von

Often abbreviated to v. For names with this prefix not found here, see under the principal part of the name.

von Bruns
von Bruns

See Bruns.

von Ebner
von Ebner

Victor, Austrian histologist, 1842–1925. See Ebner glands, under gland, Ebner reticulum, imbrication lines of von Ebner, under line, incremental lines of von Ebner, under line.

von Economo
von Economo

Constantin F., Austrian neurologist, 1876–1931. See von Economo disease.

von Hansemann
von Hansemann

D. P., German pathologist, 1858–1920. See Hansemann macrophage.

von Hippel
von Hippel

Eugen, German ophthalmologist, 1867–1939. See von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

von Kossa
von Kossa

Julius, 19th century Austro-Hungarian pathologist. See von Kossa stain.

von Linné
von Linné

See Linné.

von Meyenburg
von Meyenburg

See Meyenburg.

von Recklinghausen
von Recklinghausen

See von Recklinghausen disease. See Recklinghausen.

von Schrötter
von Schrötter

Leopold, Austrian laryngologist, 1837-1908. See Paget-von Schrötter syndrome.

von Willebrand
von Willebrand

E.A., Finnish physician, 1870–1949. See von Willebrand disease.

Voorhoeve
Voorhoeve

N., Dutch radiologist, 1879–1927. See V. disease.

vortex
vortex, pl .vortices (vor′teks, vor′ti-sez)

1. SYN: verticil. 2. SYN: whorl (5) . 3. SYN: v. lentis. [L. whirlpool, whorl, fr. verto or vorto, to turn around]
v. coccygeus a spiral arrangement of coarse hairs sometimes present over the region of the coccyx. SYN: coccygeal whorl.
v. cordis [TA] SYN: v. of heart.
Fleischer v. SYN: cornea verticillata.
v. of heart [TA] a spiral arrangement of muscular fibers at the apex of the heart. SYN: v. cordis [TA] , whorl (2) .
v. lentis one of the stellar figures on the surface of the lens of the eye. SYN: v. (3) .
vortices pilorum [TA] SYN: hair whorls, under whorl.

Vorticella
Vorticella (vor-ti-sel′a)

A genus of Ciliata of the order Peritrichida, bell-shaped and with a spiral of cilia around the adoral zone; various free-living species have been found at times in the feces, urine, and mucous discharges. [Mod. L. dim. of L. vortex, a whorl]

vortices
vortices (vor′ti-sez)

Plural of vortex.

vorticose
vorticose (vor′ti-kos)

Arranged in a whorl. [L. vorticosus, fr. vortex, a whorl]

Vossius
Vossius

Adolf, German pathologist, 1855–1925. See V. lenticular ring.

vox
vox (voks)

SYN: voice. [L.]
v. choleraica a peculiar, hoarse, almost inaudible voice of a sufferer in the last stage of Asiatic cholera.

voxel
voxel (vok′sel)

A contraction for volume element, which is the basic unit of CT or MR reconstruction; represented as a pixel in the display of the CT or MR image.

voyeur
voyeur (vwah-yer′)

One who practices voyeurism.

voyeurism
voyeurism (vwah-yer′izm)

The practice of obtaining sexual pleasure by looking, especially at the naked body or genitals of another or at erotic acts between others. SYN: scopophilia. [Fr. voir, to see]

VP
VP

Abbreviation for vasopressin; variegate porphyria.

VR
VR

Abbreviation for vocal resonance.

VS
VS

Abbreviation for volumetric solution.

VU
VU

Abbreviation for volume unit.

vulgaris
vulgaris (vul-ga′ris)

Ordinary; of the usual type. [L. fr. vulgus, a crowd]

Vulpian
Vulpian

Edme F.A., French physician, 1826–1887. See V. atrophy.

vulsella
vulsella, vulsellum (vul-sel′a, -lum)

SYN: v. forceps. [L. pincers, fr. vello, pp. vulsus, to pluck]

vulva
vulva, pl .vulvae (vul′va)

[NA] The external genitalia of the female, comprised of the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina and its glands, and the opening of the urethra and of the vagina. SYN: cunnus, pudendum femininum, trema (2) . [L. a wrapper or covering, seed covering, womb, fr. volvo, to roll]

vulvar
vulvar, vulval (vul′var, vul′val)

Relating to the vulva.

vulvectomy
vulvectomy (vul-vek′to-me)

Excision (either partial, complete, or radical) of the vulva. [vulva + G. ektome, excision]

vulvismus
vulvismus (vul-viz′mus)

SYN: vaginismus.

vulvitis
vulvitis (vul-vi′tis)

Inflammation of the vulva. [vulva + G. -itis, inflammation]
chronic atrophic v. an inflammation of atrophic vulvar skin, usually with severe pruritus.
chronic hypertrophic v. obsolete term for swelling of the vulval tissues due to lymphatic obstruction; in some cases it may be caused by filariasis, with induration or ulceration of the skin. SYN: elephantiasis vulvae.
follicular v. inflammation of the vulvar hair follicles.

vulvo- vulvo-

The vulva. [L. vulva]

vulvocrural
vulvocrural (vul′vo-kroo′ral)

Relating to the vulva and the clitoris.

vulvodynia
vulvodynia

Chronic vulvar discomfort with complaints of burning and superficial irritation.

vulvouterine
vulvouterine (vul-vo-u′ter-in)

Relating to the vulva and the uterus.

vulvovaginal
vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaj′i-nal)

Relating to the vulva and the vagina.

vulvovaginitis
vulvovaginitis (vul′vo-vaj-i-ni′tis)

Inflammation of both vulva and vagina.

Vvedenskii Vvedenskii

Alternative surname of Wedensky, Nikolai I.

V-Y plasty
V-Y plasty

SYN: V-Y flap.