Viral gastroenteritis

Alternative names:

Norwalk virus; Rotavirus infection

Treatment:

The objective of treatment is to replace fluids and electrolytes (salt and minerals) lost by diarrhea. Antibiotic therapy is not effective in viral illness. Antidiarrheal medications are generally not given, as they may prolong the infectious process. Self-care measures to avoid dehydration include drinking electrolyte solutions (available over-the-counter) to replace fluids lost by diarrhea.

People with diarrhea who are unable to take fluids by mouth because of nausea may need intravenous fluids, especially in small children.

People taking diuretics need to be cautious with diarrhea, and may need to stop taking the diuretic during the acute episode. (Always consult with the health care provider before stopping a prescribed medication!)

Do not give anti-diarrheal medications to children unless directed to do so by a health care provider. Since the risk of dehydration is greater in infants and young children, parents should closely monitor the number of wet diapers changed per day when the child is sick. Electrolyte and fluid replacement solutions for children are available in food and drug stores. Jell-O water, soda and plain water do not replace electrolytes the child needs when dehydrated from vomiting or diarrhea. Children with diarrhea often benefit from dietary modifications until the diarrhea subsides.

Expectations (prognosis):

Most infections will resolve spontaneously. Children may become severely ill from dehydration caused by diarrhea.

Complications:

Dehydration is the main complication.

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if unable to keep fluids down and symptoms of dehydration occur, including low urine output, faintness or dizziness, dry mouth, sunken appearance to the eyes, sunken fontanelle (soft spot on an infant's head), and confusion.

Also call if diarrhea persists for more than several days or if blood is noted in the stool.