Familial periodic paralysis
Alternative names:
hypokalemic periodic paralysis; periodic paralysis - familial; periodic paralysis - hypokalemic
Treatment:
Muscle weakness that involves the breathing or swallowing muscles is an emergency situation. Dangerous heart arrhythmias may also occur during attacks.
The goals of treatment are relief of acute symptoms and prevention of further attacks.
Potassium that is given during an attack may stop the attack. It is preferred that potassium be given by mouth, but if weakness is severe, intravenous potassium may be necessary. (Note: intravenous potassium should only be given if kidney function is adequate and the person is monitored in the hospital.) Administration of potassium will not prevent attacks.
A low carbohydrate diet may be recommended.
Acetazolamide prevents attacks in many cases, possibly by reducing the flow of potassium from the bloodstream into the cells of the body. Potassium supplements may be necessary because acetazolamide may cause the body to excrete potassium.
Triamterene or spironolactone may help to prevent attacks in people who do not respond to acetazolamide.
Expectations (prognosis):
Chronic attacks will eventually result in progressive muscle weakness that is present even between attacks. Familial periodic paralysis responds well to treatment. Treatment may prevent, and may even reverse, progressive muscle weakness.
Complications:
Calling your health care provider:
Call your health care provider if you have intermittent muscle weakness, particularly if there is a family history of periodic paralysis.
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you faint or have difficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowing. These are emergency symptoms.
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