Diabetic ketoacidosis

Alternative names:

diabetic coma; DKA; ketoacidosis

Treatment:

The goal of treatment is to correct the elevated blood-glucose level by the administration of additional insulin, and replace fluids lost through excessive urination and vomiting. Often, a person with diabetes will be able to recognize the early warning signs and make appropriate corrections at home before the condition progresses to coma.

If ketoacidosis is severe, hospitalization is required to control the condition. Insulin replacement will be given, fluid and electrolytes will be replaced, and the cause of the condition (such as infection) will be identified and treated.

Expectations (prognosis):

Cell damage from acidosis can lead to severe illness or death. Improved therapy for young diabetics has decreased the death rate associated with ketoacidosis. However, it remains a significant risk in the elderly and in people in profound coma when treatment has been delayed.

Complications:

• acute myocardial infarction (tissue death) and infarction of bowel tissue due to associated low blood pressure
• renal failure

Calling your health care provider:

This condition can become a medical emergency. Call your health care provider if you notice early symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if nausea, vomiting, fruity breath, mental stupor, hallucinations, difficulty breathing, or decreased consciousness are present.