Giant cell (temporal, cranial) arteritis

Alternative names:

cerebral vasculitis

Treatment:

The goal of treatment is to minimize irreversible tissue damage that may occur because of lack of blood flow (ischemia).

Corticosteroids such as Prednisone are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation. If symptoms suggest cerebral vasculitis, corticosteroid treatment may be started even before a biopsy confirms the diagnosis (to reduce the risk of complications). Aspirin may be recommended in addition to corticosteroids. Medications that suppress the immune system (such as cyclophosphamide) are occasionally prescribed .

Expectations (prognosis):

The disorder usually results in recovery but may require prolonged treatment for 1 to 2 years. Recurrence is possible for several years.

Complications:

Common:

• side effects of therapy
• obstruction of the arteries of the eye, leading to:
  • blindness
  • ophthalmoplegia (weakness or paralysis of one or more eye muscles)

Uncommon:

• a stroke
• a TIA
• damage to cranial nerves

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if persistent throbbing headache and other symptoms that indicate cerebral vasculitis occur.