Tetanus
Alternative names:
lockjaw
Treatment:
- control and reverse the tetany with antitoxin
- remove and destroy the source of the toxin
- treat symptoms with supportive therapy.
Tetanus immune globulin is given to neutralize the toxin, tetanospasmin. Penicillin is given intravenously to kill the toxin-producing C. tetani, however, surgical removal of infected tissue may also be necessary. Muscle spasms can be treated with muscle relaxants such as diazepam. Bedrest with a nonstimulating environment is also recommended (dim light, reduced noise, and stable temperature). Sedation may be necessary to keep the affected person quiet. Respiratory support with oxygen, endotracheal tube, and mechanical ventilation may necessary.
Expectations (prognosis):
The death rate is high in children and in the elderly. Wounds on the head or face seem to be more dangerous than those on the body. If the person survives the acute illness, recovery is generally complete. Uncorrected episodes of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by muscle spasms in the larynx throat may lead to irreversible brain damage.
Complications:
Calling your health care provider:
Call your health care provider if you sustain an open wound and you have not received a tetanus booster within 5 years.
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have never been immunized against tetanus as an adult or child, if your children are not immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status.
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