Toxic shock syndrome

Alternative names:

TSS

Definition:

A severe, toxin induced disease caused by infection with strains of Staphylococcus aureus that is seen most commonly in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. It is most common in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons and occurs within 5 days of the onset of a menstrual period. The syndrome has also been seen in children, infants, and men. Skin wounds or infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus elsewhere in the body may also cause TSS.

The syndrome is marked by a sudden onset of symptoms (fever, chills, rash and diarrhea) and a rapid drop in blood pressure resulting in shock. The incidence of the disease is approximately 2 out of 10,000 people annually. Risk factors include recent menstruation, recent use of barrier contraceptive, recent child birth, recent surgery, and prior Staphylococcus aureus infection.