Meniere's disease

Alternative names:

endolymphatic hydrops; hydrops

Definition:

A disorder of the inner ear characterized by abnormal sensation of movement (vertigo), loss of hearing in one or both ears, and noises or ringing in the ear.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The fluid-filled semicircular canals (labyrinth) of the inner ear, along with the 8th cranial nerve, control balance and position sense. Meniere's disease involves a swelling of the part of the canal (endolymphatic sac) that controls the filtration and excretion of the fluid of the semicircular canal.

The exact cause of Meniere's disease is unknown. It may be related to middle ear infection (otitis media), syphilis, or head injury. Other risk factors include recent viral illness, respiratory infection, stress, fatigue, use of prescription or nonprescription drugs including aspirin, and a history of allergies, smoking, and alcohol use.