Cluster headaches

Alternative names:

headache - cluster; headache - histamine; histamine headache; migrainous neuralgia

Definition:

A disorder involving headache, possibly associated with release of histamine from body tissues (and enlargement of the carotid arteries of the neck).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Cluster headaches (histamine headaches) are a fairly common form of recurrent, chronic headache. Unlike migraines, they affect men more often than women. They occur anytime, most commonly from adolescence to middle age. There does not seem to be a pattern among families in the development of cluster headaches.

Cluster headaches occur as a severe, sudden headache. No specific cause has been found for the disorder, but it appears to be related to a release of histamine, serotonin, or similar substances from body tissues. The onset is sudden, most commonly during the dreaming (REM) phase of sleep. Cluster headaches may occur daily for months, before a period without headaches (episodic), or can occur for a year or more without stopping (chronic). A person may experience alternating chronic and episodic phases.

Some people who experience cluster headaches are heavy smokers. Alcohol use may trigger attacks. In some people, glare, stress, or certain foods may trigger an attack.