Esophageal atresia

Alternative names:

tracheoesophageal fistula

Definition:

Esophageal atresia is a narrowing or obstruction of the esophagus. Tracheoesophageal fistula is a connection or hole between the lower esophagus and the trachea.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Esophageal atresia is a disorder of the digestive system that occurs as a congenital anomaly. There are several types of esophageal atresia. In most cases, the upper esophagus ends blindly and does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach. The top end of the lower esophagus is connected with the trachea (airway to the lungs). This connection or hole between the lower esophagus and the trachea is called an tracheoesophageal fistula. Over 30% of people affected with this condition will have other abnormalities such as heart disorders or other gastrointestinal tract disorders.

This condition is frequently complicated by aspiration of secretions into the lungs, causing pneumonia, choking and the possibility of death and is considered a surgical emergency. The disorder is usually detected shortly after birth when feeding is attempted and the infant coughs, chokes and turns blue (cyanosis). Immediate surgical repair of this disorder is indicated so that the lungs are not damaged and the baby can be fed.

Esophageal atresia and TE fistula occur in approximately 2 or 3 infants per 10,000 births.