Malocclusion of teeth

Alternative names:

crossbite; crowded teeth; misaligned teeth; overbite

Treatment:

The goal of treatment is to correct the positioning of the teeth.

Braces or other appliances may be used to change the positioning or alignment of teeth. Metal bands are placed around each tooth or metal, ceramic, or plastic bonds are attached to the surface of the teeth. Wires or springs apply force to the teeth. The alveolar bone (tooth sockets) responds to pressure by remodeling--dissolving bone in front of the tooth and replacing bone behind the tooth. Other appliances may be recommended instead of, or in addition to, braces.

Extraction (removal) of one or more teeth may be required if overcrowding contributes to malocclusion. Rough or irregular teeth may be adjusted down, reshaped, and bonded or capped. Misshapen restorations (fillings or crowns) and dental appliances should be repaired. Surgery may be required on rare occasions. This may include surgical reshaping to lengthen or shorten the jaw (orthognathic surgery). Wires may be used to stabilize the jaw bone (similar to surgical stabilization of jaw fracture).

Meticulous oral hygiene is vital during orthodontic treatment. Plaque accumulates on orthodontic appliances and may permanently mark teeth or cause tooth decay.

Retainers (appliances used to stabilize the teeth) may be required for an indefinite time to maintain the new position of the teeth.

Expectations (prognosis):

Malocclusion is easier, quicker, and less expensive to treat when it is corrected early. Treatment is most successful in children and adolescents because their teeth and bones are still developing. Treatment usually lasts 6 months to 2 or more years.

Treatment of orthodontic disorders in adults is often successful but may require prolonged treatment.

Complications:

• tooth decay
• discomfort during treatment
• appliances may irritate the mouth and gums (causing gingivitis)
• chewing and speaking may be difficult during treatment

Calling your health care provider:

Call your orthodontist if toothache, mouth pain, or other new symptoms develop during orthodontic treatment.