Ear barotrauma
Alternative names:
barotitis media; barotrauma; ear popping; eustachian tube dysfunction; pressure-related ear pain
Treatment:
The goal of treatment is relief of symptoms.
Attempts to open the eustachian tube and relieve pressure should be made first. Suck on candy, chew gum, or yawn. Or inhale, then gently exhale while holding the nostrils closed and the mouth shut.
When flying, do not sleep during the descent. Frequently open the eustachian tube by these measures. Allow infants and children to nurse or sip a drink during descent.
Divers should descend and ascend slowly. Diving is very dangerous during respiratory infections or allergies because barotrauma may be severe. Never dive if the eardrum is ruptured.
If self-care attempts are unsuccessful at relieving discomfort within a few hours, or if barotrauma is severe, medical intervention may be necessary.
Medications recommended may include decongestant nasal sprays, oral decongestants, or oral antihistamines. These medications may relieve nasal congestion and allow the eustachian tube to open. Antibiotics may prevent ear infection if barotrauma is severe.
If the tube will not open with other treatments, surgery may be necessary. An incision is made in the eardrum to allow pressure to equalize and fluid to drain (myringotomy). However, surgery is rarely necessary. Occasionally, tubes will be surgically placed in the eardrum if frequent altitude changes are unavoidable or if susceptible to barotrauma.
Expectations (prognosis):
Barotrauma is usually benign and responsive to self-care. Hearing loss is almost always temporary.
Complications:
Calling your health care provider:
Home care measures should be attempted first. If the discomfort of barotrauma is not relieved within a few hours, call for an appointment with the health care provider.
Call the health care provider if new symptoms develop in a person with barotrauma, especially fever, severe ear pain, or drainage from the ear.
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