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| Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention
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Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Symptoms:
Note: In some cases no symptoms may be present in infancy or early childhood.
Signs and tests:
- An ECG shows signs of enlargement of the ventricles (ventricular hypertrophy).
- An X-ray of the chest shows heart enlargement.
- An echocardiogram may define the attachment of pulmonary vasculature.
- Cardiac catheterization can provide definitive diagnosis by showing abnormal appearance of the blood vessels.
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