Necrotizing enterocolitis

Alternative names:

NEC

Treatment:

In an infant with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis, feedings are stopped and the bowel is decompressed of gas by inserting a small tube into the stomach. Intravenous fluid is started to replace feedings of formula or breast milk. Antibiotic therapy is started. The infant's condition is monitored with abdominal X-rays, blood tests, and blood gases.

If intestinal perforation (hole) or peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal wall) develop, surgery is indicated. The dead bowel tissue is removed and a colostomy or ileostomy is performed. The bowel is then reconnected several weeks or months later when the infection and inflammation have healed.

Expectations (prognosis):

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious disease with a death rate of over 30%. The outcome is improved by aggressive, early treatment.

Complications:

• intestinal perforation
• sepsis
• peritonitis
• intestinal stricture (a narrow area that may lead to bowel obstruction)

Calling your health care provider:

This disorder usually develops in an infant that is already ill or premature, and most often develops while the infant is still in the hospital. If any symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis develop, especially in an infant that has recently been hospitalized for illness or prematurity, go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911).