Ovarian cysts

Alternative names:

functional ovarian cysts; physiological ovarian cysts

Definition:

A sac filled with fluid or a semisolid material that develops on the ovary.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Typically, ovarian cysts are functional (not disease-related) and disappear on their own. During ovulation, a follicle grows but fails to rupture and release an egg. Instead of being reabsorbed, the fluid within the follicle persists and forms a cyst. Cysts usually disappear within 60 days without treatment. Functional ovarian cysts are relatively common. They occur most often during childbearing years (puberty to menopause) but may occur at any time. No known risk factors have been identified.

Functional ovarian cysts are not to be confused with other pathological conditions involving cystic ovaries, specifically polycystic ovarian disease or true ovarian neoplasms (ovarian cancer).