Nasal polyps

Definition:

Small, sac-like growths consisting of inflamed nasal mucosa. Polyps can appear in clusters or individually.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Nasal polyps appear in a number of conditions. The polyps originate near the ethmoid sinuses (located at the top of the nose on both sides of the nasal cavity) and grow into the open areas of the nasal cavity. Large polyps can obstruct the airway and block drainage from the sinuses. Sinus infections can result from fluid accumulating in the blocked sinuses. Children with nasal polyps sound congested and are often mandatory mouth breathers because of chronic nasal obstruction. A runny nose or infected nose is common.

Caused by an overproduction of fluid in the mucous membranes, polyps are seen with asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), vasomotor rhinitis (may be caused by emotional upset and sexual arousal), and certain kinds of drug use, chronic sinus infections, and cystic fibrosis. About one out of four people with cystic fibrosis have nasal polyps.

Frequently, no specific cause can be found.