Tracheostomy

Definition:

An opening surgically created through the neck into the trachea (windpipe). A tube is usually placed through this opening (tracheostomy tube also trach tube) to provide an airway and to allow removal of secretions from the lungs.

Description:

General anesthesia is used. The neck is cleaned and draped. Incisions are made to expose the tough cartilage rings that make up the outer wall of the trachea. The surgeon then cuts two of these rings and inserts a tracheostomy tube.

Indications:

The guidelines for tracheostomy include:

• congenital (inherited) abnormality of the larynx or trachea
• severe neck or mouth injuries
• inhalation of corrosive material smoke or steam
• presence of a large foreign body that occludes the airway
• paralysis of the muscles that affect swallowing causing a danger of aspiration
• long term unconsciousness or coma