Gums, bleeding

Alternative names:

bleeding gums; gingival bleeding

Definition:

Frequent bleeding from the gums.

Considerations:

The big majority of gum bleeding is due to self-inflicted trauma (usually tooth brush bristles that are too hard or brushing that is too vigorous). Bleeding may also suggest that plaque or tartar may be causing irritation and that flossing or professional cleaning may improve the problem.

Bleeding gums may also be a sign of serious disorders such as leukemia, bleeding disorders, platelet disorders, and overmedication with anticoagulants ("blood thinners").

Common causes:

• oral trauma, for example bristles of a toothbrush that are too hard or if gums are poked with a toothpick
• periodontitis from tartar build up
• infection
• gingivitis
• effect of medication (such as an anticoagulant)
• vitamin C deficiency
• vitamin K deficiency
• pregnancy
• atmospheric pressure changes
• chemical irritants
• drugs such as Coumadin, heparin, aspirin
• leukemia
• idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Note: There may be other causes of bleeding gums. This list is not all inclusive, and the causes are not presented in order of likelihood. The causes of this symptom can include unlikely diseases and medications. Furthermore, the causes may vary based on age and gender of the affected person, as well as on the specific characteristics of the symptom such as quality, time course, aggravating factors, relieving factors, and associated complaints. Use the Symptom Analysis option to explore the possible explanations for bleeding gums, occurring alone or in combination with other problems.