Fractional excretion of sodium
Normal values:
1 to 3%
What abnormal results mean:
If the value is very low (less than 1%), this suggests bleeding, other causes of low blood volume, or insufficient blood flow to the kidneys (pre-renal failure; prerenal azotemia). If the value is high (more than 3%), this suggests acute tubular necrosis.
Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:
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