Pericardiocentesis
Alternative names:
pericardial tap
How the test is performed:
An IV line is inserted in case fluids or medications need to be given. Medication may be given to prevent vasovagal reflex resulting in bradycardia (a slowing of the heartbeat) and hypotension (fall in blood pressure). The insertion site just below the sternum (breastbone) will be cleansed and a local anesthetic will be given. A pericardiocentesis needle will then be introduced into the pericardial sac. Electrocardiographic (ECG) leads are attached by a clip to the needle to help with proper needle positioning. An echocardiogram may also be used to help in positioning the needle and monitoring the drainage procedure. The fluid is withdrawn and put into containers. Sometimes a patient will require placement of a indwelling pericardial catheter for continuous draining for 1 to 3 days. The needle is withdrawn, and pressure is applied to the insertion site.
How to prepare for the test:
If the test is elective, you will need to restrict fluid and food for 6 hours before the test. You must sign a consent form.
Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
How the test will feel:
There may be a feeling of pressure as the needle enters. Some individuals feel transient chest pain, which may require pain medication.
Why the test is performed:
This test is usually done to evaluate the cause of a chronic or recurrent pericardial effusion (fluid in the pericardial sac). It may also be done as a "treatment" measure to relieve cardiac tamponade (compression of the heart from an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac).
|
