Colonoscopy
How the test is performed:
You lie on your left side with your knees drawn up toward the abdomen. After administration of an intravenous sedative and analgesic, the instrument is inserted through the anus and gently advanced under direct vision to the terminal small bowel. Air will be inserted through the scope to provide a better view. Suction may be used to remove secretions. Since better views are obtained during withdrawal than during insertion, a more careful examination is done during withdrawal of the scope. Tissue samples may be taken with tiny biopsy forceps inserted through the scope, polyps can be removed with electrocautery snares, and photographs can be taken. Specialized procedures, such as laser therapy, can also be performed.
How to prepare for the test:
Thorough cleansing of the bowel is mandatory. Instructions to accomplish this will be given by the health care provider. These will include enemas, abstaining from all solid foods 2 or 3 days before the test, and ingesting laxatives. To avoid dehydration, drink plenty of clear liquids (such as juices and broths). Unless otherwise instructed, continue taking any regularly-prescribed medication. Discontinue taking iron preparations a few weeks before the test, unless otherwise instructed by the health care provider (iron residues produce a dark black stool, which inhibits the view).
Complete emptying of the colon before the examination will require enemas or other purgatives. These must be repeated until no solid matter remains. An intravenous infusion and an injection will be given to administer a pain reliever and a sedative. People with vascular heart disease may receive antibiotics before and after the test to prevent infection. Outpatients must plan to have someone drive them home after the test.
Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
How the test will feel:
The sedative and pain medication will provide relaxation and produce a drowsy feeling. A rectal examination usually precedes the test to dilate the rectum and make sure there are no major obstructions. You may have the urge to defecate when the rectal exam is performed or as the colonoscope is inserted.
You may feel pressure as the scope moves inside. Brief cramping and gas pains may be experienced as air is inserted or as the scope advances. The passing of air is necessary and expected. Discomfort may be lessened by taking slow, deep breaths. This will also help relax the abdominal muscles. Mild abdominal cramping and considerable passing of air may happen after the exam. Medications will produce sedation, which should wear off in a few hours.
Why the test is performed:
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