Allergic reactions

First aid:

MILD-TO-MODERATE ALLERGIC REACTION

1. Calm and reassure the victim; anxiety can increase the severity of a reaction.
2. Try to identify the allergen and have the victim avoid further contact with it. If the allergic reaction is from a honey bee sting, scrape the stinger off the skin with something firm (such as a fingernail). Do not use tweezers; squeezing the stinger will release more venom.
3. If the victim develops an itchy rash, apply calamine lotion and cool compresses. Avoid lotion with diphenhydramine (Caladryl), which could make symptoms worse if the reaction is caused by antihistamines.
4. Watch the victim for increasing distress.
5. Get medical help. For a mild reaction, a physician may recommend over-the-counter medications (such as antihistamines).
   

SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION OR ANAPHYLAXIS

1. Check the victim's airway, breathing and circulation. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR.
2. Calm and reassure the victim. Anxiety aggravates all reactions.
3. If the allergic reaction is from bee stings, scrape the stinger off the skin with something firm (such as, a fingernail). Do not use tweezers; squeezing the stinger will release more venom.
4. If the victim has emergency allergy medication on hand, assist with injection of the medication. Avoid oral (by mouth) medication if the victim is having difficulty breathing.
5. Take steps to prevent shock. Lay the victim flat, elevate the person's feet about 12 inches, and cover the victim with a coat or blanket. DO NOT place the victim in this position if a head, neck, back, or leg injury is suspected or if it causes discomfort.
6. If the victim loses consciousness, apply first aid for unconsciousness and call 911 or your local emergency number.

Do not:

• DO NOT assume that any allergy shots the victim has already received will provide complete protection.
• DO NOT place a pillow under the victim's head if he or she is having trouble breathing. This can block the airway.
• DO NOT give the victim anything by mouth if the victim is having breathing difficulty.

Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if:

• The victim's allergic reaction is severe or rapidly worsening (over minutes).
• The victim has a history of severe allergic reactions (check for a medical ID tag).

Updated Date: 02/09/00

Updated By:J. Gordon Lambert, MD, Associate Medical Director, Utah Health Informatics and adam.com editorial