Arteriosclerosis of the extremities

Alternative names:

arteriosclerosis obliterans; peripheral vascular disease; PVD

Definition:

A disease of the peripheral blood vessels characterized by narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet, with resulting decrease in blood flow.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Arteriosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries") commonly shows its effects first in the legs and feet. The arteries may become narrowed and blood flow decreases, progressing in some cases to total closure (occlusion) of the vessel. The vessel walls become less elastic and cannot dilate to allow greater blood flow when needed (such as during exercise). Deposits of calcium in the walls of the arteries contribute to the narrowing and stiffness; this calcification may be visible on plain X-rays.

It is a common disorder usually affecting men over 50 years old, and occurring in about 6 out of 1,000 people. People who have a personal or family history of coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney disease involving hemodialysis, smoking, or obesity are at higher risk.

Arteriosclerosis obliterans is one form of arteriosclerosis of the extremities.