Mitral regurgitation; acute
Alternative names:
acute mitral regurgitation; mitral insufficiency
Treatment:
Hospitalization may be required for diagnosis and treatment of severe symptoms. The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms. Emergency surgery is often necessary if acute regurgitation is a result of endocarditis, MI, or ruptured cordae.
Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is a bacterial infection. Antiarrhythmics may be needed to control irregular rhythms. Vasodilators reduce the workload of the heart. Digitalis may be used to strengthen heartbeat, and diuretics to remove excess fluid such as fluid in the lungs. Anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications may be used to prevent clot formation if atrial fibrillation is present (atrial fibrillation increases the chances of clot formation).
In emergency situations when blood pressure cannot be maintained, devices such as the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) reduce backflow by lowering resistance in the aorta.
Expectations (prognosis):
The outcome varies and depends on underlying conditions and the severity of the acute regurgitation. This disorder can sometimes be controlled with medications, but surgery is often necessary (see valve replacement). It may become a chronic condition.
Complications:
Calling your health care provider:
Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate mitral valve regurgitation, or if symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment. Call your health care provider if during treatment, signs of infection occur: fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, and malaise (general ill feeling).
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