Toxic megacolon
Alternative names:
toxic dilation of the colon
Treatment:
The objective of treatment is to decompress the bowel and
pass an intestinal tube to prevent swallowed air from further
distending the bowel. If decompression is not achieved or
the patient does not improve in 24 hours, a colectomy
(surgical resection of a portion or all of the colon) is indicated.
Fluid and electrolyte
replacement help to prevent dehydration
and shock.
Use of corticosteroids may be indicated to suppress the inflammatory
reaction in the colon. Antibiotics are indicated to prevent
sepsis.
Expectations (prognosis):
The death rate is high, usually 20 to 30%. A colectomy
is usually required.
Complications:
Calling your health care provider:
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number
(such as 911) if severe abdominal
pain develops, particularly if it is accompanied by fever,
rapid pulse (heart
rate), tenderness when the abdomen is gently pressed,
or other symptoms such as bloody diarrhea, frequent diarrhea
or painful bowel movements.
Updated Date: 02/09/00
Updated By:J. Gordon Lambert, MD, Associate Medical Director,
Utah Health Informatics and adam.com
editorial
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