Shigella enteritis

Alternative names:

shigella gastroenteritis; shigellosis

Definition:

An inflammation of the lining of the small intestine caused by the bacteria Shigella.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Shigella enteritis is an acute infection caused by 1 of 4 strains of the Shigella bacteria. Outbreaks of the disease have been associated with poor sanitation, inadequate water supplies, contaminated food, crowded living conditions, and fly-infested environments. It is common among travelers in developing countries and workers or people living on reservations, refugee camps, and institutions. The incubation period is 36 to 72 hours.

Although uncommon in adults, neurologic symptoms can develop in children. In up to 40% of children with severe shigellosis, seizures (febrile seizures), headache, lethargy, confusion, and stiff neck resembling meningitis (nuchal rigidity) can occur. The risk factors are the same as the conditions associated with the disease. The incidence is 5 out of 10,000 people.