Graves' disease

Alternative names:

Basedow's disease; diffuse thyrotoxic goiter

Treatment:

The purpose of treatment is to control the overactivity of the thyroid gland. Beta-blockers (Propranolol) are used to treat symptoms of rapid heart rate, sweating, and anxiety until the hyperthyroidism is controlled. Hyperthyroidism is treated with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery to remove a portion of the thyroid gland.

The eye problems of Graves' disease usually resolve with treatment of the underlying disorder. Sometimes prednisone is required for severe inflammation. Taping the eyes closed at night to prevent drying is sometimes indicated. Sunglasses and eyedrops may lessen irritation of the eyes. Rarely, surgical decompression of the orbit may be required.

Expectations (prognosis):

For most people, Graves' disease responds well to treatment, but lifelong observation by a health care professional is important because of possible serious complications associated with the disease. Thyroid surgery can result in hypothyroidism. Side effects may be caused by antithyroid medications.

Complications:

• eye problems associated with the disease (called Graves' ophthalmopathy or exophthalmos)
• cardiac complications including rapid heart rate, congestive failure (especially in the elderly), and atrial fibrillation
• thyroid crisis or "storm," a severe worsening or exaggeration of the symptoms of overactivity of the thyroid gland

Calling your health care provider:

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if eye problems, or general symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment.

Call your health care provider if rapid heart rate, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or other new symptoms appear.