Hypoparathyroidism

Treatment:

The goal of treatment is to restore the calcium and associated mineral balance within the body.

Oral calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements are usually life-long therapy. Blood levels require periodic monitoring to ensure proper dosage. A high-calcium, low-phosphorous diet is recommended.

Supportive care is necessary for an acute life-threatening attack or hypoparathyroid tetany (prolonged muscle contractions). Calcium is administered by intravenous infusion. Precautions are taken to prevent seizures or larynx spasms. Heart monitoring for abnormal rhythms is continued until the person is stabilized. When the life-threatening attack has been controlled, treatment continues with oral preparations.

Expectations (prognosis):

The probable outcome is good if the diagnosis is made early. Dental changes, cataracts, and brain calcifications are irreversible changes.

Complications:

• acute tetany, which can lead to respiratory obstruction requiring a tracheostomy
• growth retardation, malformation of the teeth, and retarded mental development, which can occur if hypoparathyroidism develops in childhood
• over treatment with vitamin D and calcium, which can produce renal failure
• increased risk of pernicious anemia, Addison's disease, cataract development, and Parkinson's disease

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if symptoms of hypoparathyroidism develop.

Emergency symptoms include seizures and difficulty breathing.