Hemolytic anemia

Alternative names:

anemia - hemolytic; aplastic anemia; hemoglobin SC disease; sickle thalassemia

Definition:

A condition of inadequate number of circulating red blood cells (anemia), caused by premature destruction of red blood cells. There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia which are described individually.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Hemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to compensate for premature destruction of red blood cells by increasing their production. When the marrow is able to compensate, anemia does not occur.

There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the location of the defect. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself (intrinsic factor) or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factor).

Causes of hemolytic anemia include infection, certain medications, autoimmune disorders, and inherited disorders. Types of hemolytic anemia include:

• aplastic anemia
• secondary aplastic anemia
• hemoglobin SC disease
• hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency
• hereditary elliptocytosis
• hereditary spherocytosis
• hereditary ovalocytosis
• idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• non-immune hemolytic anemia caused by chemical or physical agents
• secondary immune hemolytic anemia
• sickle thalassemia

The over all incidence of "hemolytic anemia" is 4 out of 100,000 people.