Multiple Sclerosis
Alternative names:
MS
Treatment:
There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and maintaining function to give the maximum quality of life.
Medications vary depending on the symptoms that occur. Baclofen, dantrolene, diazepam or other anti-spasmodic medications may be used to reduce muscle spasticity. Cholinergic medications may be helpful to reduce urinary problems. Antidepressant medications may be helpful for mood or behavior symptoms. Amantadine may be given for fatigue.
Corticosteroids or ACTH (a hormone that stimulates the body to produce increased amounts of its own corticosteroids) may be used to suppress the inflammation in an attempt to reduce the duration of an attack. See corticosteroids - oral for information on similar medications. Medications that suppress the immune system may be helpful. Interferon may be helpful for some people.
Physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, or similar forms of therapy may be helpful. This may improve the person's outlook, reduce depression, maximize function, and improve coping skills. A planned exercise program early in the course of the disorder helps to maintain muscle tone. Social work, counseling, and support groups may aid in coping. For this condition, see multiple sclerosis - support group. A healthy lifestyle is encouraged, including good general nutrition. Adequate rest and relaxation help to maintain energy levels. Attempts should be made to avoid fatigue, stress, physical deterioration, temperature extremes, and illness to reduce factors that may trigger an MS attack.
Expectations (prognosis):
The expected outcome is variable and unpredictable. Although the disorder is chronic and incurable, life expectancy can be normal or nearly so, with a life span of 35 or more years after diagnosis occurring commonly. Most people with MS continue to walk and function at work with minimal disability for 20 or more years. The amount of disability and discomfort varies with the severity and frequency of attacks and the part of the central nervous system affected by each attack. Commonly, there is initially a return to normal or near-normal function between attacks. As the disorder progresses, there is progressive loss of function with less improvement between attacks.
There is a rare, acute type of MS that can cause death within weeks to a few years. There is also a benign form of MS that develops relatively few symptoms for many years.
Complications:
Calling your health care provider:
Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate that multiple sclerosis may be present. This is a chronic condition, but symptoms may mimic or mask (disguise) symptoms of acute, serious conditions such as stroke.
Call your health care provider if symptoms progressively worsen despite treatment.
Call your health care provider if the condition deteriorates to the point where home care is no longer possible.
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