Cutaneous candidiasis

Alternative names:

candidiasis - cutaneous; fungal infection of the skin; skin infection - fungal; skin infection - yeast; skin yeast infection; yeast infection of the skin

Definition:

An infection of the skin by the yeast-type fungus, Candida.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body. Others may multiply rapidly and form infections. Fungal infections are caused by microscopic plants (fungi) that can live on the skin. They can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. Fungal infections include mold-like fungi (dermatophytes, which cause tinea infections) and yeast-like fungi (such as Candida).

Cutaneous candidiasis involves infection of the skin with Candida. It may involve almost any skin surface on the body. Cutaneous candidiasis is fairly common. Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in infants where it takes advantage of the warm moist condition beneath the diaper. The two most commonly involved forms are Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.

Candida infection is particularly likely during pregnancy or other conditions that involve hormone changes, and in diabetes and other endocrine disorders. It is also likely in people who are obese or who perspire freely because fungal infections, including Candida infections, thrive in warm moist environments. Antibiotics and oral contraceptives increase the risk of cutaneous candidiasis. Oral thrush, a form of Candida infection found on the mucous membranes of the mouth, may be a sign of HIV infection or other immunodeficiency disorders when it occurs in adults.

Candida infections are contagious and can be passed from direct contact or contact with items such as combs, clothing, shower or pool surfaces. Candida may also be transmitted sexually. It also can be transmitted from contact with pets that carry the fungus.