Placenta previa

Treatment:

The course of treatment depends on the amount of abnormal uterine bleeding, the point in pregnancy and consequent potential viability of the fetus, the amount of placenta over the cervix, the position of the fetus , the parity ( number of previous births) for the mother, and the presence or absence of labor.

Early in pregnancy, transfusions may be given to replace maternal blood loss and medications given to prevent premature labor, prolonging pregnancy to at least 36 weeks. Beyond 36 weeks, the benefits of additional infant maturity have to be weighed against the potential for major hemorrhage.

Cesarean section is the preferred method for delivery. It has proven to be the most important factor in reducing maternal and infant death rates.

Expectations (prognosis):

When managed appropriately by hospitalizing those at risk who are exhibiting signs and symptoms and by performing C-section delivery, the maternal prognosis (probable outcome) is excellent.

The infant death rate is 15 to 20%, approximately 10 times that of normal pregnancies. This rate may be reduced with ideal obstetrical and newborn care available at major medical centers.

Complications:

Maternal complications include major hemorrhage, shock, and death. The potential for infection or embolism (blood clot ) also increases.

Prematurity (infant is less than 36 weeks gestation) is responsible for about 60% of infant deaths secondary to placenta previa. Fetal blood loss or hemorrhage may occur because of the placenta tearing away during labor. It may also occur with entry into the uterus during a C- section delivery.

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if vaginal bleeding in pregnancy occurs at any point in the pregnancy. Placenta previa can endanger both the mother and the baby.