Down syndrome

Alternative names:

Mongolism; trisomy 21

Treatment:

There is no specific treatment for Down syndrome. Special education and training is offered in most communities for mentally handicapped children. Specific heart defects may require surgical correction. The potential for visual problems, hearing loss, and increased susceptibility to infection will require screening and treatment at appropriate intervals.

Expectations (prognosis):

The normal life span is shortened in Down syndrome by congenital heart disease and by increased incidence of acute leukemia. The average mental age achieved is approximately 8 years old.

Complications:

• vision problems
• hearing loss
• increased incidence of acute leukemia
• frequent ear infections
• increased susceptibility to infection
• gastrointestinal obstruction (imperforate anus, and similar problems)
• cardiac abnormalities
• esophageal atresia
• duodenal atresia
• other gastrointestinal abnormalities

Calling your health care provider:

The health care provider should be consulted to evaluate the child for the need for special education and training. The need for follow-up of physical problems varies.