Salivary gland infections

Alternative names:

parotitis

Definition:

A disorder caused by viral or bacterial infection of the salivary gland(s).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The salivary glands are around the mouth. They produce saliva, which moistens food to aid chewing and swallowing. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion process. Saliva also aids in mechanical cleansing of the mouth by washing away bacteria and food particles. Saliva keeps the mouth moist and helps to keep dentures or orthodontic appliances (such as retainers) in place.

There are 3 pairs of salivary glands. The 2 largest are the parotid glands, 1 in each cheek over the angle of the jaw in front of the ears. Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw. Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth. All of the salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth. Parotitis (parotiditis) is an inflammation of one or both of the parotid salivary glands.

An infection of the salivary glands is somewhat common. Viral infections such as mumps often affect the salivary glands (mumps most often affects the parotid glands). This form of parotitis is now much more rare in children because of MMR immunization (vaccine). Bacterial infections usually result from obstruction (such as salivary duct stones) or poor oral hygiene.