Brachial plexopathy

Alternative names:

brachial plexus dysfunction; neuropathy - brachial plexus

Symptoms:

• shoulder pain
• numbness of the shoulder, arm, or hand
• tingling, burning, pain, abnormal sensations
  • the location varies with the part of the plexus injured

• weakness (decreased muscle strength, independent of exercise)of the arm, hand, or wrist
  • unable to extend/lift the wrist (wrist drop)
  • hand weakness

Signs and tests:

Neuromuscular examination of the arm, hand, and wrist indicates brachial plexus dysfunction. Reflexes may be abnormal in the arm. Specific muscle losses may indicate the portion of the brachial plexus that has been damaged. Variable deformities may develop in the arm or hand, and loss of muscle mass (atrophy) may be profound. Detailed history may be needed to determine the possible cause of the neuropathy.

Tests that reveal brachial plexopathy may include:

• EMG (a recording of electrical activity in muscles)
• nerve conduction tests
• nerve biopsy--indicating systemic diseases that may affect the brachial plexus.

Tests are guided by the suspected cause of the dysfunction, as suggested by the history, symptoms presented, and pattern of symptom development. They may include various blood tests, X-rays, scans, or other tests and procedures.