Reye's syndrome

Definition:

A syndrome of encephalopathy of unknown cause, with associated liver degeneration.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The exact cause of Reye's syndrome is unknown. However, it has been associated with viral agents such as influenza or varicella, toxins, aspirin and other salicylates (see salicylates - oral), and metabolic defects. It affects children of all ages. The illness has a rapid onset and symptoms may vary greatly. Changes in mental status occur including coma.

Typically Reye syndrome follows an upper respiratory infection or chickenpox by about a week. It frequently begins with vomiting which is persistent over many hours. The vomiting is rapidly followed by irritable and combative behavior. As the condition progresses the child may become semi conscious or stuporous. Ultimately seizures and coma develop follow shortly by death.