Fetal transfusion syndrome

Alternative names:

twin-to-twin transfusion

Definition:

A condition that occurs only in twins and involves the transference of blood from one fetus directly to the other in the womb.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

In fetal transfusion syndrome, the donor twin is usually born smaller, anemic, and dehydrated while the recipient twin is born larger and polycythemic (too much blood volume and increased flow resistance). Both infants may have problems depending on the severity of the transfusion: one from an inadequate blood volume, and the other from too much blood. The donor twin may need a blood transfusion while the recipient twin may need blood volume reduction. Because of the increased blood volume, the recipient twin may develop cardiac failure and also require digitalization (treatment with digitalis medicines - oral).