Mastectomy

Alternative names:

breast removal surgery

Definition:

Surgical removal of the breast to treat diseased breast tissue, usually cancer.

Simple mastectomy is the removal of the breast only. Radical mastectomy is the removal of the breast and the surrounding lymph nodes, muscles (pectorals), fatty tissue, and skin. Modified mastectomy is the removal of the breast and part of the muscles.

Description:

While the patient is deep asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia), incisions are made around the breast. The breast tissue is removed with the lymph nodes and muscles if necessary.

The type of mastectomy depends on the type of tumor present, its size, how fast it has grown, how quickly the cancerous cells spread, and the patient's general health. Except for radical mastectomy, a breast implant (prosthesis) can often be inserted at the time of the surgery.

Indications:

Breast cancer is usually discovered by feeling a lump, mammograms, or change in the appearance of the breast (dimpling, puckering). If the tumor is diagnosed early, while it is small, and before it has spread, removal of the lump only (lumpectomy) and radiation therapy may be recommended. Second opinions are recommended before a radical mastectomy is performed.