Pericardial fluid Gram stain
Alternative names:
gram stain of pericardial fluid
How the test is performed:
A sample called a smear from pericardial fluid is applied in a very thin layer to a microscope slide. The specimen is stained with a violet stain known as a gram stain and then examined under the microscope for the presence of bacteria. The color, number, and morphologic appearance of the cells help make it possible to identify the organism.
How to prepare for the test:
Food and fluid will probably be restricted for several hours before the test. A chest X-ray or ultrasound may precede the test to identify the area of fluid collection.
Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
How the test will feel:
In some people, a cardiac monitor may be placed prior to the test to monitor for heart disturbances. patches called electrodes will be placed on the chest similar to an ECG. A chest X-ray or ultrasound may precede the test. The skin of the chest will be cleansed with antibacterial soap. A trained physician, often a cardiologist, will obtain the sample. A small needle is inserted into the chest between the ribs into the pericardium, the thin sac that surrounds the heart, and a small amount of fluid is withdrawn. There will be a sensation of pressure and some pain as the needle is inserted into the chest. An ECG and chest X-ray may also follow the procedure.
Why the test is performed:
The test is performed when an infection of the heart is suspected or when a pericardial effusion is present.
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