Hypothyroidism

Alternative names:

adult hypothyroidism; myxedema

Treatment:

The purpose of treatment is to replace the deficient thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine is the most commonly used medication, but others are available. The lowest dose effective in relieving symptoms is used. Life-long therapy is indicated as relapses will occur if therapy is interrupted. Medication must be continued even when symptoms subside.

After replacement therapy has begun, report any symptoms of increased thyroid activity (hyperthyroidism) such as restlessness, rapid weight loss, and sweating.

A high-fiber, low-calorie diet, and moderate activity help relieve constipation and promote weight loss.

Myxedema coma is treated by intravenous thyroid replacement and steroid therapy. Supportive therapy of oxygen, assisted ventilation, fluid replacement, and intensive-care nursing may be indicated.

Expectations (prognosis):

With early treatment, return to the normal state is usual. However, relapses will occur if the medication is not continued. Myxedema coma can result in death.

Complications:

Myxedema coma, the most severe form of hypothyroidism, is rare. It may be caused by an infection, illness, exposure to cold, or certain medications. Symptoms and signs of myxedema coma include unresponsiveness, decreased breathing, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, and below normal temperature.

Other complications are heart disease, increased risk of infection, infertility, miscarriage in pregnant women, and pituitary tumors.

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if signs of hypothyroidism (or myxedema) are present.

Call your health care provider if chest pain or rapid heart beat occur, infection occurs, symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment, or new symptoms develop.