Potter syndrome

Definition:

Potter syndrome and Potter phenotype is a complex of findings associated with renal failure that develops before an infant is born, and with a lack of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Potter phenotype describes a typical appearance that, in the newborn, is determined by the absence of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios). In the absence of amniotic fluid the infant is not cushioned from the walls of the uterus. The pressure of the uterine wall causes a typical facial appearance (Potter's facies): widely separated eyes with epicanthal folds, broad nasal bridge, low set ears and receding chin. In addition, because of limited intrauterine space, the limbs may be abnormal or held in abnormal positions or contractures. Oligohydramnios also stops development of the lungs (hypoplastic lungs) so that at birth the lungs do not function properly.

In Potter syndrome the primary defect is renal failure that occurs before the baby is born, either from failure of the kidneys to develop (bilateral renal agenesis) or from other diseases of the kidney which cause them to fail. The kidneys normally produce the amniotic fluid (as urine) and it is the absence of amniotic fluid that causes the typical appearance of Potter syndrome.