Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Alternative names:

PMS; premenstrual dysphoria; premenstrual tension

Definition:

A symptom or collection of symptoms that occurs regularly in relation to the menstrual cycle, with the onset of symptoms 5 to 11 days before the onset of menses and resolution of symptoms with menses or shortly thereafter.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

An exact cause of PMS has not been identified; however, it may be related to social, cultural, biological, and psychological factors. PMS can occur with apparently normal ovarian function (regular ovulatory cycles).

PMS is estimated to affect 70 to 90% of women during their childbearing years. Thirty to 40% of women are thought to have PMS symptoms severe enough to interfere with daily living activities, and 10% are believed to have symptoms so severe they are considered disabling. The incidence is higher in women between their late 20s and 40s years old, those with at least one child, those with a family history of a major depression disorder, or women with a past medical history of either post-partem depression or an affective mood disorder.