Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Alternative names:

PMS; premenstrual dysphoria; premenstrual tension

Symptoms:

A wide range of physical or emotional symptoms have been associated with PMS. By definition, such symptoms must occur during the second half of the menstrual cycle (14 days or more after the first day of the menstrual period) and be absent for about 7 days after menstrual period ends (during the first half of the menstrual cycle).

The most common symptoms include:
Physical symptoms:

• headache
• swelling of ankles, feet and hands
• backache
• abdominal cramps or heaviness
• abdominal pain
• abdominal fullness, gaseous
• muscle spasms
• breast tenderness
• weight gain
• recurrent cold sores (herpes labialis)
• acne flare-up
• nausea
• bloating
• bowel changes (constipation or diarrhea)
• decreased coordination
• food cravings
• decreased tolerance to sensory input (noise, light)
• menstruation, painful

Other symptoms

• anxiety or panic
• confusion
• difficulty concentrating
• forgetfulness
• poor judgment
• depression
• irritability, hostility, or aggressive behavior
• increased guilt feelings
• fatigue or lethargy
• decreased self image
• libido (sex drive) changes
• paranoia or increased fears
• slow, sluggish, lethargic movement
• low self-esteem
• loss of libido (sex drive)
• overreaction to sensory stimulus (lights, noises, etc.)
• paranoid (unfounded feeling of persecution)

Signs and tests:

There are no physical examination findings or lab tests specific to the diagnosis of PMS. It is important that a complete history, physical examination (including pelvic exam), and in some instances a psychiatric evaluation may be conducted to rule out other potential causes for symptoms that may be attributed to PMS.