Memory loss

Alternative names:

amnesia; forgetfulness; impaired memory; loss of memory

Definition:

Loss of memory resulting from brain damage (disease or trauma) or severe emotional trauma.

Considerations:

Whether amnesia comes on suddenly or slowly, and is permanent or temporary, depends on the cause.

Normal aging may result in trouble learning new material or requiring longer time to recall learned material (it does not lead to memory loss unless diseases are involved).

Common causes:

• aging
• Alzheimer's disease
• head trauma or injury
• hysteria often accompanied by confusion
• seizures
• general anesthetics such as halothane, isoflurane, and fentanyl.
• alcoholism
• stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines
• electroconvulsive therapy (especially if prolonged)
• temporal lobe brain surgery

Note: There may be other causes of amnesia. This list is not all inclusive, and the causes are not presented in order of likelihood. The causes of this symptom can include unlikely diseases and medications. Furthermore, the causes may vary based on age and gender of the affected person, as well as on the specific characteristics of the symptom such as quality, time course, aggravating factors, relieving factors, and associated complaints. Use the Symptom Analysis option to explore the possible explanations for memory loss, occurring alone or in combination with other problems.