Attention deficit disorder (ADD)
Alternative names:
A.D.D.; ADHD; attention deficit hyperactive disorder; childhood hyperkinesis; hyperactive
Symptoms:
The symptoms typically begin by 3 years of age.
Attention deficit: - does not pay close attention to details; may make careless mistakes at work, school, or other activities
- failure to complete tasks
- has difficulty maintaining attention in tasks or play activities
- does not listen when spoken to directly
- has difficulty organizing tasks
- is easily distracted
- unable to follow more than one instruction at a time
Hyperactivity: - fidgeting, squirming in seat, or moving constantly
- wandering, may leave the seat in the classroom when expected to stay
- has trouble participating in "quiet" activities such as reading
- runs and climbs in inappropriate situations
- talks excessively
Impulsivity: - may blurt out answers before questions have been completed
- has difficulty awaiting turn
- interrupts others
- disruptive behavior
Other: - sleep problems
- inability to delay gratification
- social outcasts or loners (possibly inability to play in groups but may perform in one-on-one situation)
- apparent disregard for own safety
- behavior not usually modified by reward or punishment
- may have other specific learning disabilities
- failure to meet normal intellectual developmental milestones
Signs and tests:
Clinical evaluation is indicated if A.D.D. is suspected.
Evaluation may include: - parent and teacher questionnaires (Connors, Burks)
- psychological evaluation of the child AND family including IQ testing and psychological testing
- complete developmental, mental, nutritional, physical, and psychosocial examination
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