Bilateral hydronephrosis
Alternative names:
hydronephrosis - bilateral
Definition:
The distention of the pelvis and calyces of both kidneys (see also unilateral hydronephrosis).
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Bilateral hydronephrosis develops when the pelvis and calyces (urine collecting structures of the kidneys) of both kidneys become distended because urine is unable to drain from the kidney down the ureters into the bladder. Hydronephrosis is not a separate disease entity; it is a physical phenomenon that occurs as a result of other disease processes. Symptoms, treatment, and expected outcome are those of the associated diseases.
Disorders associated with hydronephrosis include: Advances in fetal ultrasound have given specialists the ability to diagnose obstructive uropathy (problems caused by the blockage of the urinary system) in the fetus before birth. Unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (both sides) obstruction of the urinary tract can be diagnosed by fetal ultrasound. Fetal conditions such as uteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior ureteral valves and prune belly syndrome can be diagnosed while the fetus is in the uterus. Newborn infants who have been previously diagnosed with obstruction while still in the uterus can receive prompt surgical correction of the defects, often with good outcomes.
Experimental surgery on the fetus while in the uterus is presently being studied which can relieve the obstruction or decrease the pressure on the kidney in the fetus. Future techniques can be expected to salvage better kidney function than the good results that are presently expected.
The incidence is approximately 1 out of 200 people.
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